NguDavid Swanson
Iingxelo Isiko soLwazi lwezoXolo saseSan Diego, UJuni 23, 2018.
Kukho izinto ezintathu ezisoloko ziphantsi koxinzelelo: uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezempi lwase-US, ukunyaniseka, nokudakalisa.
Okokuqala, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezempi lwase-US, kuquka zonke izinto zemikhosi kumasebe ahlukeneyo, malunga ne-60% yemali yokusetyenziswa kwemali yomgaqo-nkqubo, oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kweendleko zamalungu eCongress ngonyaka. Kwakhona, ngolu hlobo lwamanani alinganisayo, isihloko esingaphantsi kwe-1% yeengxoxo zengxowa-rhu lumente ezenziwa ngabaviwa beCongress. Uninzi lwaMdemokhrasi olusebenzayo kwiCongress kulonyaka lunamawebhusayithi angazange avume nokuba khona kwemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle, ngaphaya kokubonisa uthando lwabo oluthandayo kuma-veteran. Baxela i-40% yomsebenzi.
Ingxoxo yezopolitiko yase-US kwiminyaka emininzi iye yafakwa phakathi kwabo bafuna urhulumente omncinci ngenzuzo encinci yentlalo, kunye nalabo abafuna urhulumente omkhulu ngeenzuzo zentlalo. Omnye ofana nami ofuna urhulumente omncinci ngeenzuzo zentlalo engenakukwazi ukuqonda. Sekunjalo akufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba ukuba unokuphelisa inkqubo encinane eyenza i-60% yemali yokuqonda, unokunyusa ezinye izinto ezininzi kwaye unako urhulumente omncinci.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaseMelika luphezu kwe $ 1 trillion. Xa uva ummeli woxolo uxelela ukuba iimfazwe zase-US kwiminyaka yamuva nje zilahlekile inani elincinci kumakhulu amabhiliyoni okanye i-trillions eziphantsi, oko bayenzayo ziqhelekileyo kwiinkcitho zempi njengendlela ethile ngaphandle kweemfazwe. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwempi kukuthi, ngentetho, ukuchitha kwiimfazwe kunye nokulungiselela iimfazwe. Kwaye i $ 1 trillion nganye ngonyaka ngamnye kwaye akukho nto enye.
Xa uva i-advocate for fairness you tell you how much money you can get by taxing billionaires, kungaphantsi kwesabelomali seminyaka eminyaka. Ukuba uthe wahlawulisa zonke iidemon kude nazo zonke iibhiliyoni, ndiza kukuphosa iqela kwaye ndiphakamise umgqomo, kodwa unyaka ozayo uzakufuneka uhlawule iireyunithi kunoko, njengoko bekungekho na mabhiliyoni aseleyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-trillion zezempi ziqhubeka zihamba, unyaka nonyaka. Kwi-1% engama-dollar ayi-trillion ngonyaka, ungagqiba ukungabikho kwamanzi acocekileyo okusela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kuba malunga ne-3% yeedola ezigidigidi zeedola ngonyaka, unokuphelisa indlala yonke indawo emhlabeni. Kuba amaqhezu amakhulu unokubeka umzabalazo omkhulu kummandla wezulu. Unokubonelela ngehlabathi elininzi ngamandla angcolileyo, imfundo engcono, ubomi obonwabileyo.
Unokuzenza uthandwa kakhulu kwinkqubo. Ngoxa i-95% yokuhlaselwa kwabangqongquthela yokuzibulala ishukunyiswa ngumnqweno wokufumana umkhosi wempi ukuba aphelise umsebenzi, ngokuqinisekileyo i-0% yezihlaselo ezinje ziye zabangela ukucaphuka kwezipho zokutya, amayeza, izikolo, okanye amandla ahlanzekileyo.
I-Militarism isongela i-apocalypse ye-nyukliya kwaye iyona nto ibangela kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kwemozulu nokusingqongileyo, kodwa kwithuba elincinci libulala ngokugqithiseleka kwemali kwiiprojekthi ezixhasayo kunezo zonke iimbandezelo zokubulala. Yiloo ndlela enkulu ibhajethi yempi. Kwaye "ngeengxabano zemfazwe" ndiyathetha ukuquka ukudala indlala kunye nezifo zesifo kwiindawo ezinjengeYemen, kunye nokudalwa kwesihogo sokunciphisa ubomi apho ababaleki babalekela khona nje ukuba baxhamle njengabafuduki abangekho mthethweni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yomhlaba wonke kuyimali eyi-2 trillion, oku kuthetha ukuba lonke ihlabathi lidibanise lenza i-$ 1 trillion enye, ukulinganisa ii-triliyoni zase-United States. Ngoko, ngoku uthetha ngenani elingenakuqondakalayo, kunye nesamba esinakho ukwenza okungaqinisekanga kabini ukuba uguqulwe, uqondiswe, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokuziphatha. Kwaye andizibali izigidigidi zeedola zomonakalo obundlobongela bemfazwe ezenza kwipropati ngonyaka. Iindawo ezingaphezulu kweekota ezintathu zemali yokusetyenziswa kwemikhosi yomhlaba zichithwa yi-United States kunye nabalingani bayo abasondeleyo kunye nabathengi bezixhobo abaye baxhaswa nguRhulumente wase-United States kunzima ukwandisa imali yabo. I-China isebenzisa ingqutyana yento eyenziwa yi-US, iRashiya inxalenye encinci (kwaye iRashiya iye yanciphisa imali yayo yempi ngokukhawuleza); I-Iran kunye neNyakatho yeKorea nganye ichitha i-1 kwi-2 yepesenti eyenziwa yi-US.
Yingakho i-Pentagon ibenzima iminyaka ukuchonga intshaba ukuba ilandele iindleko ze-US. Amagosa empi kwiminyaka yamuva, kubandakanya ngaphambi nangemva kokufika kweTrump House eNtshonalanga, baye baxelela abavakalisi ukuba iinjongo ezisemva kweNtsholongwane yeNtsholongwane kunye neRussia ziqhutywa ngokusesikweni nangenzuzo. Ukungabikho kwintshaba yelizwe elithembekileyo kuye kwacaca ukuba yintsikelelo emva kwesizukulwana, ukunyaniseka kunye nokudemonzwa kweentshaba ezingekho phantsi koorhulumente, kunye nokuthengiswa kweemfazwe njengeendlela zokususa iintlanga ezincinane ezingasongelayo izixhobo ezingekho kunye nokuthintela ukusondela xa ukubulawa kwabangqina. I-United States ekukhokelayo njengomthengisi wezixhobo eziphambili kwihlabathi, kwiintlanga ezihlwempuzekileyo, kunye nolawulo lokunyanzelisa, kuye kwaba yinto engavamile ukuba ungabi nezixhobo zase-US kumacala amabini emfazwe. Kwaye imvelo ephikisanayo yeemfazwe, eyenza iintshaba ezininzi kunokuba ziphelile, sele zizinzile kwaye zigcinwe ngokunyanisekileyo. Njengoko ndithe ndatsho ngaphambili, ndinike ingxelo yeemfazwe ngobundlobongela obusasaza ubundlobongela, imfazwe kwiziyobisi ezixhaphaza iindyobisi, kunye nemfazwe ekuhluphekeni kwendlala, ndiya kuxhasa ngenkqubela imfazwe ngokuchuma, ukuzinza nokuvuya.
I-chunk enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwezempi zase-US iya kugcina ezinye iisiseko zezempi zase-1,000 kwamanye amazwe. Ezinye iintlanga zehlabathi zidibeneyo zigcina izibini ezithandathu ngaphandle kwemida yazo. Xa uMongameli uTrump usandul 'ukukhankanya ukulwa kwempi ekupheleni kweKorea kwaye kungenakukwazi ukubuyisela amabutho aseMelika ukusuka apho, amalungu amaninzi eDemocratic Party eWashington, DC, nakwiimbali zenkampani ziphantse zilahleke iingqondo zabo. USenamente uTammy Duckworth waqalisa ngokukhawuleza umthetho ukuba angavumi ukuzisa nayiphi na imikhosi ekhaya, isenzo esasiyicinga ukuba siza kuhlasela loo mkhosi.
Ndifuna ukumisa apha kum amazwi am apha apha ezimbalwa ezidityanisiweyo ezidityanisiweyo eziphathelele kubuntu, amaqela kunye nemikhosi. Okokuqala, ubuqu. Andiyicinga ukuba nayiphi na isizathu esincediswa ngu-deification okanye idemoni yezopolitiko ngamnye. Ndicinga ukuba i-intle yabo eburhulumenteni yaseUnited States yenza okubi kakhulu kunokuba yinto elungileyo, kwaye iindawo ezimbi kakhulu zizenza ngezinye izihlandlo. Ndicinga ukuba abadlali be-activists kufuneka bajolise kumgaqo-nkqubo, kungekhona ubuntu. Xa iTrump yayisongela imfazwe yenyukliya kwiNorth Korea, ndandifuna ukuba i-impeachment yayo ifune. Ndisafuna ukunyanzela ukunyusa kwakhe uluhlu olude lwezenzo ezingabonakaliyo ezingabonakaliyo, akukho nto iquka ukunyanzelwa okungaqinisekanga kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuba uceba u-Vladimir Putin ukuba ahlasele inkohlakalo, inxamnye nokungaqinisekiyo, engaqinisekiyo, aphulwe ngaphaya kwenkolelo ye-US yokhetho. Kodwa xa iTump eyeka ukutshathisa iNorth Korea kwaye yaqalisa ukuthetha ngoxolo, andizange ndiphendulele uxolo ngenxa yokuba ndikho kwiqela elixhatshazelayo okanye ilungu elithwele ikhadi elibizwa ngokuba yiNkcaso eyenza ukuvotela intonga enkulu uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokwandiswa kwamagunya olawulo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba siqaphele ukuba into ephambili eyenziwe nguTrump iyanqanda ukunyusa ingxaki yendalo yakhe. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uhlazeke ngamavidiyo enkohliso owawubonisa eSongore, kunye nengxoxo yakhe yokungathembeki kunye nokungazi kakuhle kweziganeko zakutshanje. Kodwa abantu baseMzantsi Korea kunye nehlabathi baye bafuna ukuphela kweemfazwe zokuziphendulela, okubizwa ngokuba yimidlalo yemfazwe. Xa iTrump izisa into esiyifunayo, simele siveze imvume yethu kwaye sinyamezele ukulandelelana, kuba sifanele sibe kwicala loxolo kwaye singakhathaleli umkhiwane ukuba sibe kwicala okanye kakistocracy. Xa sithetha oko, ndimalunga neekhilomitha eziliwaka ukusuka kude ukuxhasa iTrump ngenjongo yokufumana umvuzo woxolo eNobel. Nangona uMongameli weNyanga, olungele ngakumbi, akayena umgqugquzeli woxolo ofuna inkxaso-mali yomsebenzi wokulwa nemfazwe. Abanye baseKorea nakwihlabathi lonke banelungelo lokufumana ilungelo lika-Alfred Nobel.
Okwesibini, amaqela. Ndifuna ukunikela nge-caveat efanayo. I-Activism ayinakulungiswa ngokuzinikela kwiqela elithile lezopolitiko elibi. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ukuvota okungaphantsi komhla wokhetho, zikhupha ngaphandle. Kodwa ukuba awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuba ube ngummeli wezinto ezimbi zeqela elithile kunyaka, ke akuyiyo intengiso efanelekileyo. Into esenzayo kwiintsuku ezingabonyulo ibaluleke ngakumbi kunezinto esizenzayo kwiintsuku zonyulo. Ukusebenza okungekho mthethweni kuzo zonke izigidi zayo zeefom yinto ehlala ishintshe ihlabathi. Yaye into yokuba ubuncinane kunye nobubi obukhulu buqhubeka ngokukhula ngokugqithiseleyo, akuyiyo ingxabano okanye ngokuchasene nokuvota okuncinci, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyiyo ingxabano yokwenza umsebenzi obi ongaphantsi.
Okwesithathu, imikhosi. IUnited States inesicwangciso sobutyebi. Akukho mvolontiya kweso sibizwa ngokuba ngumkhosi wokuzithandela uvunyelwe ukuyeka ukuzithandela. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olongezelelweyo lwezixhobo ezininzi aluyiyo impi. Ayikho imfazwe eye yaboniswa ngenjongo yokuzuza imikhosi; Akukho siphelo saloo mfazwe eye sabonakalisa imikhosi. Umbulali ophezulu wama-US uyazibulala. Isizathu esiphezulu sokuzibulala kwabasemagunyeni ukulimala ngokokuziphatha, oku kuthetha ukuzisola ngokujulile malunga nento aba bafana nabasetyhini abaye baqonda ngayo ukuba baxhonywe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba, okuba kukubulala kwabantu. Kukho iziganeko ezinobungozi zokuziphatha okubi okanye i-PTSD okanye ukulimala kwengqondo ebubini. Ukuvuma ukuba le yinkqubo ekhohlakeleyo isinyathelo sokuqala sokuyilungisa, kungekhona ukuhlaselwa kwamabutho. Ukufuna amalungelo oluntu olusisiseko, njengekholeji yamahhala, umhlala-phantsi oqinisekileyo, okanye iimeko ezinokuhlala kwimozulu kwimikhosi kunye nemibutho engekho imilingo ayikho into echasayo. Ukufuna ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi yamahhala kuyo yonke imikhosi yangaphambili ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwimeko yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo ayikho into echasayo, nangona umntu ekholelwa ukuba simele siyeke ukubulala ubukhulu bentsebenzelo kwaye siyeke ukubulela nabani na, ukuba abantu bafanele bahambe ngeenqwelo-moya ngokukhawuleza kunokuba yindoda yempi okanye umyalelo onenzuzo kakhulu, ukuba abantu abakhubazekile kunokuba bafanelwe ukuba bafumane iindawo zokupaka ezikufutshane kwivenkile, kwaye ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya akufanele basebenziselwe njengezokhenketho kwiindawo ezingenanto yoluntu. Ngoko, kwimbono yam i-pollsters ebuza ukuba ngaba ulwa-mfazwe okanye inxamnye ne-anti-troop yenza inkohliso engathandekiyo, ngelixa iimpawu ze-hashi ezikhuthaza iimfazwe zeemfazwe zakutshanje ukuba zenze iinkolelo zabo ngokwabo ukulwa ukucoceka okuchasene neengqondo ezimbi kakhulu. Unokuthanda kakhulu intando yeninzi okanye inkululeko okanye ukholo okanye intsapho okanye nayiphina inxalenye yamagama, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uthunyelwe e-Iraq ngenjongo okanye ukuba i-Iraq iyenze loo nto, okanye ukuba andinakuyigxeka ishishini lolwaphulo-mthetho owawuyingxenye ngaphandle kokuchasa wena kunye nemvakalelo yakho.
Igama lokugqibela kwisabelomali esingaphantsi kwesabelo sezempi ngaphambi kokuba ndibe ngaphantsi kwe-altruism ne-sadism. I-Trump isandulungele ukugcina imali ngokudibanisa iSebe lezeMfundo kunye neMisebenzi elingenanto yokwenza kunye kwaye ngoku ixabise ipesenti ze-7 okanye ibhajethi yempi, ngelixa i-Congress ixakeke isika izitampu zokutya. Ngelo xesha, uTumpump ucebise ukudala isebe elitsha lezempi lase-US: umbane wendawo. Ingcamango yokulwa isikhala sele ixhaphakile kwimikhosi yase-US ekubeni i-Operation Paperclip yazisa amakhulu amaNazi aseJamani ukuya eUnited States ukuba asebenze emkhosini wase-US kwaye aphuhlise ii-rocket zase-US kunye ne-US space program. Inzululwazi zamaNazi ezasebenza eHuntsville, eAlabama, yayingqalelo ngokubanzi ngabantu abahlala kuyo ukuba iTrump ibize ngokuba ngabafetcists abahamba ngeedolophu zaseCharlottesville ngonyaka odlulileyo, ngabantu abalungileyo. Ummandla wendawo uyingxaki ekusebenziseni ipropaganda yama-troopist. Isiphakamiso seTump akuyikuthumela imikhosi kwindawo, kodwa ukwandisa iinzame zamanje zokuthumela izixhobo endaweni. Ngamanye amazwi, iqela leendawo liza kuba nezixhobo zezixhobo kwaye benze izixhobo zokulwa izixhobo eziza kuthotyelwa, nangona kuphela into ekuthintela umnqophiso wehlabathi jikelele ekunqandeni zonke izixhobo ezivela kwindawo yimihla emininzi ibe nguRhulumente waseUnited States. Ngeenkampani zezixhobo ngoku zihamba ezinqwelweni zabo zezempi zase-US kunye nabaphathi abaqeshwe ngokubanzi, ukuhlanganiswa kwenzuzo kunye nemeko yemikhosi sele iqhubekile.
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Into yesibili edlalwa phantsi ingqalelo. Oku kuveleleka kwingxoxo malunga nemfazwe noxolo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba yinyani nantoni na. Kutheni abantu beqhelana ukukhusela ukuhlukana kwabazali beengxaki zabazali kunye nabantwana? Akukona nje ukuthatha icala kwicandelo lezopolitiko. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu benza loo nto ngelixa behleli phantsi kwi-sofas yabo. Kwakungekho ukuzingca.
Abantu badibanisa nale ntshutshiso kubantwana nabazali, kuba abantu banenkathalo ngabantwana nabazali. Kutheni izigidi zabantu zihamba kwaye zigijime kwaye zixhaswa ngokuchasene nomhlaza kunye ne-autism? Kutheni abantu abamhlophe bexhatshaza iMveli Lives Matter iimpawu kunye namadoda ajoyina kwiiminyango zabasetyhini? Kutheni abantu befuna amalungelo kwezinye iintlobo kunye neendawo eziphilayo? Kutheni abantu banikela kwiintlobo ezininzi zoncedo? Kutheni abantu abangenamahlwempu bathathe inxaxheba kwiPlase People's Poor today? Impendulo ithandana. I-Altruism ayikho imfihlelo engqiqweni efuna ukucaciswa nantoni na ngaphandle kwemoya. Singazama ukuyiqonda kakuhle, kodwa ubukho balo bubonakala.
Xa ndibhale incwadi ebizwa ngokuba Xa iMfazwe yeHlabathi iHlabathiwe malunga nokuhambela uxolo kwi-1920s, ndafumanisa ukuba iingxabano zabantu abazisetyenziswa ekupheliseni imfazwe zizingxabano zokuziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamhlanje, kwaye bahlala bephumelela kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, namhlanje, kunye namashumi eminyaka ngoku, siye sava kwiintshukumo zokuthula ukuze kuhlanganiselwe abantu uxolo kufuneka ugxininise kwinto echaphazela ngqo nangokuzingca. Kumele ugxininise kwimikhosi yase-US enokuthi bayayiqonda. Kumele ugxininise kwiindleko zezimali kwii-akhawunti zabo zebhanki. Awufanele ulindele ukuba abantu bahle okanye bahlonipheke okanye banakekele.
Sinezintshutshiso zoxolo ezinxulumene namalungu eDemocratic Congress afuna ukunyanzelisa abafazi be-18 abaneminyaka eli-20 ukuba babhalise nakweyiphi na into ebonakalayo kunye nabesilisa, ukuze banyanzelekile ukuba baye kwimfazwe ngokumelene neemfuno zabo njengendlela yokulungisa ubandlululo. Abasebenzi bemigudu yokuthula bathi inqophiso iya kubambisana nokuzicingela abantu abazenzekelayo ukunyamekela imfazwe. Kodwa iireksi azikho irekhodi elifanelekileyo leemfazwe zokuphela, kwaye unalo irekhodi elihle lokuququzelela iimfazwe. Isilathisi se-US ngexesha lemfazwe yaseVietnam alinakuthintela ukubulawa kwabantu abayizigidi ze-6, andiyikuboni ixabiso elifanelekileyo lokuhlawula uxolo olukhulu, endicinga ukuba sinokufumana ngezinye iindlela.
Ndicinga ukuba abantu baya kuthatha inyathelo kwiintsapho zababalekiyo ngokukhawuleza xa iindaba ezixhamliweyo zibaxelela malunga nezo ntsapho zibonelela ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo zokukholelwa ukuba abaninzi baya kuthatha isenzo kwi-Yemeni okanye e-Afghan okanye iPalestina okanye abanye abantu ukuba baxelelwa ngabo ezorhwebo ezizimeleyo okanye ezizimeleyo. Ukuba amaxhoba emfazwe enegama kunye nobuso kunye namabali kunye nabathandekayo, akukho nto inokuthintela abo banenkxalabo yokuhlukanisa iintsapho kunye nokukhathazeka ngokubulala iintsapho okanye ukudala izintandane ngokubulala ngaphandle kokuthunjwa.
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Into yesithathu edlalwa yinto engathandabuzekiyo. Njengoko sifundekile ukufumana into ebizwa ngokuba yingqiqo yokuchasana, sinomkhwa wokufuna izizathu ezinengqiqo ngenxa yezenzo eziqhutywa ziingcebiso ezingenangqondo, ngakumbi ezimbi. Xa umntu ebiza ukuba akakwazi ukuphelisa umgaqo wokuhlukanisa abantwana kubazali kwaye wenza njalo, ukuthambekela kwethu kukucinga ukuba ubuncinci ukunyaniseka naye, ukuba kwindawo ethile kukho inkcazo eyimfihlo kwaye ayinabelana kuthi. Kodwa ukuvalela abantwana abancinci ngaphezu kwezinto eziza kubabeka kunye neentsapho zabo kwiihotele zokunethezeka okanye kwizikolo eziphezulu zokubhankanya okanye izibhedlele okanye iinkqubo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi, kwaye kunokuba zithintele izidingo ezisisiseko, azikhangeli ngcaciso.
Inkqubo yase-US yokubanjwa kwabantu ababaleki kunye nabangabangabhapheli yenza ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali okanye umgaqo-nkqubo womntu. Ayinciphisi ulwaphulo-mthetho ngendlela ehlawulwa ngayo imali encinci kwimfundo nakwezempilo. Akuklanyelwe malunga nokukhusela uluntu, njengokuba ininzi yabantu ivalwe ingekho isongelo esithile kwaye ezininzi zazo azizange zibe. Ungayibiza ityala, kodwa ayilungiselelwe ukulungisa nantoni na. Ukuvalelwa kunye nokuhlushwa kokuvalelwa kwedwa kunye nokuvakala kokwenziwa kombuso, kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kulungelelaniswa ngokucacileyo njengempindezelo-kuthetha ukuba le ngongoma ayikho phambili ekujonge konke kodwa ngasemva, ingongoma inkohlakalo kumntu otyholwa into ethile - njengokuba Ndabonayo kwiidlangalaleni zoluntu ezigxeka amaxhoba omgaqo wokuhlula ngenxa yobunzima babo.
Kutheni abanye abantu bememeza ngokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo, bakhala "ukubethelwa komntwana," uchitha imali eyona nto inokuba yindoda enkulu yegesi, okanye ukuzingela izilwanyana ezinkulu kunokwenzeka? Akusiyo yonke injongo yokuzuza. Uninzi lwabantu aluzinayo iinkampani zeoli. Akukhona konke ukungazi okanye ukuphika. Abantu banokuzenza ngathi umhlaba awufi, okanye ukuba imveliso yezilwanyana ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuyibulala, okanye ukuba izilwanyana ezikhulile ekudleni kwabantu azihlupheki. Kodwa abanye abantu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abafanayo, bathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni. Ukuthi sizibandakanya ngokuzibulala, kuthatha ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nathi, akuyona yonke ingozi, kungekhona yonke intlekele ye-commons. Enyanisweni akukho nto injengeentlekele ze-commons-kukho intlekele yobuncwane.
Ndabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuba Imfazwe Lixoki apho ndihlolisise iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobuxoki ezazisetyenziselwa ukuqala okanye ukunweba iimfazwe, kwaye ke ndazama ukuphendula kwakhona oko kukhuthaza imfazwe apho kuxelwa khona ubuxoki. Ndafumanisa ukuba andinakukwazi ukuchaza yonke imfazwe ngenjongo yokufumana inzuzo okanye ukubalwa kwezopolitiko okanye ukukhuseleka kwelizwe. Ndafumanisa ukuba ndiyidinga imoto ephosakeleyo ekulawuleni kunye nenkohlakalo yenzalo yokutshatyalaliswa okungekho nto ukucacisa iimfazwe. Xa abacwangcisi beemfazwe base-US baxubusha ngasese ekwandiseni imfazwe eVietnam baza kuqwalasela izizathu zokunika uluntu, kwaye baza kuxubusha ngokucacileyo izizathu zokunikezana, kodwa abanakuze baxubushe ukuba okanye bangayi kwandisa imfazwe. Oku kwaqondwa nje. Uhlalutyo lwePentagon Papers lubeka iipesenteji kwizizathu ezikhuthazayo, kuquka neepesenti ze-70 zokhuthazo olujongene nokulondoloza ubuso - ukuqhubeka imfazwe ukuze kungagqiba. Oko kubonakala ngathi buhlanya, kodwa apho kuhlalutyo kwakukho ukukhuthazwa kwesidabi? Le yimfazwe ezele ukubulawa kwabantu abangenacala, iindlebe zabo ziqokelelwe njengeengqungquthela, nabaxhasayo bemfazwe bebuyela ekhaya bekhala ngenxa yokubulala abantu.
Kwiimfazwe zakutshanje, unako - njengengqutyana yabantu base-United States-ibango lokuba lixhasa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Iraq okanye iLibya njengento yokwenza ububele ukuze kuxhamle amaxhoba ayo, kodwa uya kufumana kwicala elinye ukukhupha kunye nalabo abememeza igazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenukliya. Abathathi-nxaxheba kule mfazwe bayabamba intlungu ngokubhekiselele kwizinto abaye bahlala kuzo. Abanye babo abakwazi ukujongana nokufezekiswa. Abanye babo baba ngabakhankaseli. Kwaye abanye babememezela esidlangalaleni inkonzo enkulu abaye bayibonisa kwaye bayayixabisa ngokubulelwa ngayo. Kwaye sifanele sicinge ukuba siyingozi xa singanikeli ukubonga kwethu, kubandakanywa nalabo bacinga ukuba banike ubomi babo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba babonisa njani ngesibindi okanye ngokungahambi kakuhle, ndithi ubomi babo abazange banikezwe kodwa bathathwe kubo ngokubongozwa okukhulu kwabangemagunyeni abaphishekela imigaqo-nkqubo engabonakaliyo xa bekhala "Akukho nto isisombululo sempi," "Akukho mkhosi isisombululo "kwaye uyazi kakuhle ukuba loo mazwi ayinyaniso.
Xa uGeorge W. Bush wacebisa ukudweba iindiza kunye nemibala ye-UN kwaye wayibhaqa phantsi ukuze azame ukuyifaka ukuze aqale imfazwe athi uThixo wayemyalele ukuba ahlawule kwaye kwakudingeka ukuba uSaddam Hussein wayezama ukubulala uyise , okanye xa uLyndon Johnson echulumisa, "andizange ndimbethe uHo Chi Minh, ndiyinqumle i-pecker," okanye xa uBill Clinton echaza ngabantu baseSomalia "Asiyikubandezela aba bantu. . . Andiyi kukholwa ukuba siqhutywe ngeenxa zonke ezi zinto, "okanye nini ENew York Times Umnumzana uTom Friedman uthe injongo ye-Iraq imfazwe yayikukhaba emnyango kwaye ivakalise ukuba "Suck kule nto!" okanye xa abantu bandithumelele ukusongela ukufa ngokuxela uxolo, okanye xa uBarack Obama wamemezela ukukhuseleka kwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokubheka phambili " "Kodwa wagqogqa uhlobo olutsha lwemfazwe usebenzisa iirobhothi ezindizayo ezijolise kumanani amancinci abantu, uninzi lwawo aluzange lubonakalise - kula maninzi nakwezinye iziganeko ezingakumbi, oko sikujongene nayo akusiyo ingqibelelo, kungekhona ingqiqo, kungekhona uthando olunzima. Into esijongene nayo ibukrakra i-amok.
Yiyiphi enye into onokuyifumana ngayo ingcamango yokwakha iincinci ezincinci, ezithintekayo, ezithetha ukuba i-nukes ibinamandla abo bawela eJapan, kwaye bazi kakuhle ukuba ukutshintshisana kwezixhobo zenukliya kubangelwa ukutshatyalalisa ilanga nokusilala nendlala? Imizamo yokwenza ukuba uHarry Truman avunywe yi-Hiroshima no-Nagasaki, ngaphandle kokulandela iingcebiso zabaphathi bakhe abachasayo, kunokuba baphulaphule izicwangciso eziphezulu ezazithi zazingadingeki, kunokuba zibonise isikhali samandla enyukliya endaweni engabonakaliyo kwaye usongela ukuyisebenzisa kubantu, kunokuba avumele enye kunokuba i-nukings ibe yaneleyo - le mizamo iphantsi. UTruman wayengumntu ofanayo othe ukuba ukuba amaJamani aphumelela iUnited States kufuneka ancede amaRashiya kwaye ukuba amaRussia ayewunqoba iUnited States kufuneka awancede amaNazi, kuba ngaloo ndlela abantu abaninzi baya kufa. Ingcamango yokuba ubona ukukhulisa ukufa kwabantu baseJapane njengento ephazamisayo nayiphi na isigqibo akuxhaswanga naluphi na ubungqina. Inkxaso yaseMelika ngamacala amaninzi kwiimfazwe ezifana ne-Iraq-Iraq imfazwe ye-1980 okanye imfazwe yangoku e-Syria ayikho into eyenzayo. Njengomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, njengokubamba abantu abangenamakhaya eSan Diego ukuba bangenamakhaya kunokubanika amakhaya, sinokuqonda ngokucacileyo oko sikusebenzisanayo xa sivuma ukuba sinobuhlungu.
Oku akuthethi ukuba iimfazwe azinaso izizathu ezininzi ezinengqiqo, kwaye akuthethi ukuba bonke abaxhasayo bemfazwe bahlaziya izidlo. Ndenze iingxoxo zomphakathi kunye nabaxhasayo bemfazwe kwaye ndifumene ngokuvota kwigumbi ngaphambi nangemva kweengxoxo ezixutyushwa ingqiqo engqondweni. Isifundo elowo wonke umntu afundayo ngamakholwa kwi-WMD abambelele iinkolelo zabo ngokugqithiseleyo emva kokuba anikezelwe ngeenyaniso akufanele angaphaya. Ukunyusa abantu kwinto abangayifumaniyo kunzima, akunakwenzeka. Kodwa kubaninzi abancedisayo beemfazwe ezinye izinto aziyiyo ingqiqo.
Umshumayeli wase-Alabama ufuna nayiphi na umdlali webhola ongahambisani kakuhle neflegi yase-US kunye nomculo wesizwe ukuba abulawe. UMongameli uTrump ufuna ukuba baphunyezwe. Kwakhona uthi umntu okhathalele iintsapho zababaleki makazonde amaxhoba abo bonke ababuleweyo abenziweyo ababaleki (ngelixa besenokuba novelwano lwabaxhoba banoma yimuphi umbulali owenziwe ngabangengabo ababaleki). UbuSadism kunye nokuthanda ubutyebi kunye nokuzikhethela ngokulinganayo, kunye kwaye akukho namnye kubo owenza ingqiqo. Akukho sizathu esithile sokuba abantu bafanele bachonge nabanye abantu kwinqanaba loluntu ngakumbi kunqanaba lentsapho okanye indawo okanye umzi okanye ilizwe okanye ilizwekazi okanye iplanethi. Ukukholelwa kwizinto ezingafaniyo zelizwe (ekuphakamileyo kwe-US nakwezinye iindawo) yiyo-kwaye yintloko yencwadi yam entsha Ukuphulukisa ngaphandle - ayikho into eyenziwa yinyaniso kwaye ayikho ingozi engaphantsi kobandlululo, ubulili, okanye ezinye iintlobo zobuhlanga. Ngelixa abantu abamhlophe bangabamhlophe bathi "Ubuncinci ndingcono kunabantu abangamhlophe," nabani na baseUnited States banokuthi "Ubuncinci ndingcono kunabemi baseMerika." Nabani na onokuzama ukukholelwa ukuba, kodwa ayinangqiqo kwaye yenza umonakalo omkhulu.
In Ukuphulukisa ngaphandle Ndiza kuhlaziya indlela iUnited States ingaba ngayo isizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kwaye andinako ukufumana nayiphi na. Akusiyo nayiphi na inqanaba lomntu okhululekileyo okanye uninzi lwentando yesininzi okanye ocebileyo okanye ocebileyo okanye owazileyo okanye ophilileyo okanye obambe ixesha elide kunabo bonke ubomi okanye ulonwabo olukhulu okanye ukugcinwa kokusingqongileyo okanye nayiphi na enye into enokufuna ukuyisebenzisa ukubonelela ngeengoma zomculo "SiyiNombolo eyodwa." I-United States iyinombolo enye yokuvalela abantu kumaqhekeza, kwimali yokuchitha impi, kwiimilinganiselo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokutshatyalaliswa kwemvelo, kunye neminye imithombo yeentloni kunokuzikhukhumeza. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo indawo eyingozi kakhulu ukuba iphile ngamanqanaba amaninzi kunokuba nayiphi na ilizwe elicebileyo, ngelixa lihlala indawo engcono yokuhlala kunelizwe elihluphekileyo okanye ilizwe apho iCIA inceda ukukhutshwa okanye ilizwe likhululeka ngonaphakade nge-NATO.
Inyaniso yokuba abantu bazama ukufudukela eUnited States akubakho ubungqina bentlanga enkulu emhlabeni. I-United States ayilona ndawo ekhethiweyo, ayiyi kwamkela abafuduki abaninzi, ayikho imfesane kubafuduki xa ifika, kwaye ayiyilo imigaqo-nkqubo yokufuduka ekuncedeni abo baninzi kunesidingo kodwa kunokuba baxhomekeke kwiintetho ze-Yurophu. Inyaniso yokuba abantu kufuneka babalekele ingozi kunye neentlupheko kwiintlanga ezihlwempuzekileyo ayifanelekanga kumbuzo wokuba i-United States ingaziphakamisa kwimigangatho yezinye iintlanga ezicebileyo. Okanye kubalulekile kuphela ngolu hlobo lokuba ngokulungisa izinto eziphambili kwiimfuno zabantu kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, urhulumente waseUnited States angakwazi ukufikelela kumazwe atyebi xa eyeka ukuncedisa ukubandezeleka kwamazwe amaninzi ahluphekileyo, kwaye ngokwenene unceda ukwenza ezininzi kumazwe apho abantu bakhetha ukuhlala khona. Ngaba sifuna umgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka onobuqhetseba obuncinane kunye nodonga olukhulu, okanye ngaba sidinga imida evulekileyo eya kuvumela kwiibhiliyoni zabantu? Njalo. Sidinga imida evulekileyo kunye nemigudu emikhulu engenakucingeka yokwenza amazwe abantu afuneke bahlale kuyo, kunye nokumisa kwimigaqo-nkqubo eyenza ukuba bangabonakali. Kwaye oku sinokukwenza ngokubuyisela inxalenye yenkcitho yempi.
Kodwa abantu baseUnited States bajonga iUnited States njengento enkulu kakhulu. Ukuthanda kwabo ubuhlanga, inkolelo yabo yokuphakama okwehlukile, ukusabalalisa kweeflegi kunye neengoma zesizwe kuphelisa abo bakwamanye amazwe. Kwaba namahlwempu e-United States ayenombi kakhulu kunamahlwempu kwamanye amazwe acebileyo abathandekayo benzondo kunamanye amazwe okanye ngaphezu kobutyebi kwelizwe labo. Umonakalo okwenzayo uthatha iindidi ezininzi. Iphazamisa abantu ukuba bangabulungiseleli kwaye benze ngokutshintsha. Ikhokelela abantu ukuxhasa ezopolitiko, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba baya kwenza okulungileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba bazalwana. (Umntu omncinane ongakhethayo ukuba abe ngumongameli wase-United States akayikhokho uThixo.) Ukungafani nakwezinye izinto kubangela ukuba abantu baxhase iimfazwe kwaye bachasane nokubambisana kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhokelela abantu ukuba bangayikhangeli izixazululo eziqinisekisiweyo zokulawulwa kwezibhamu kunye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nemfundo kuba baye baqinisekiswa kwamanye amazwe afanele afunde kule ndawo kunokuba ngenye indlela. Ikhokelela ekungabandakanyeli kwiiNgxelo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga neenkohlakalo zobuhlwempu e-United States. Ikhokelela ekugatheni uncedo lwasemzini olulandelayo olubizwa ngokuba yientlekele zemvelo e-United States.
Sifanele sizondelele ekuqondeni ukuba ukuthanda ubuzwe, ubuzwe, ukungafani nento akuyiyo into emele yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa i-nightmare apho ivuse khona. Uxolo aluthandabukeli. Uxolo uxolo lwehlabathi. Uxolo luxhomekeke ekubonakalisweni kwethu njengabantu njengabantu baseMerika. Oku akuthethi ukuva ihlazo likazwelonke endaweni yokuzikhukhumeza kwelizwe. Akuthethi ukuchonga ngolunye uhlanga. Kuthetha ukunciphisa ukuchongwa kobuzwe kunye nobuzwe ukwenzela ukuchonga njengomntu, ilungu leeluntu ezahlukeneyo, ummi wehlabathi jikelele, inxalenye yendalo yendalo.
Xa urhulumente waseUnited States ephakamisa irhafu yakho okanye amabango enelungelo lokuba yinxalenye yelizwe okanye iibhayile kwiWall Street okanye ukhulise amalungelo amashishini okanye nayiphi na enye into eyenzayo, abantu abavumi ukubeka ezo zenzo kumntu wokuqala. Bambalwa abantu bathi "Siphinde senze izixhobo ezithintekayo kwiimimandla zamapolisa zendawo," okanye "Sithatha iibhiliyoni kwiminikelo yamaphulo." Kunoko, abantu bathetha ngoorhulumente basebenzisa igama elithi "urhulumente. "Bathi" urhulumente ukhulise irhafu yam, "okanye" urhulumente karhulumente wenza ubhaliso lwabavoti ngokuzenzekelayo, "okanye" urhulumente wengingqi wakha ipaki. "Kodwa xa kuziwa kwimfazwe, nabatshutshisi bokuthula bathi" . "Ukuchonga oku kufuneka kuphele. Sifanele sikhumbule kwaye sikhulise ukuqonda kwethu uxanduva lwethu lokutshintsha izinto. Kodwa asiyidingi ukwenza i-ident yethu ibe yinto ebonakala bhetele kuthi xa sicinga ukuba i-Pentagon kufuneka ibe nesizathu esihle sokunceda abantu balambile abantu baseYemen.
In Ukuphulukisa ngaphandle Ndijonga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphilisa i-exceptionalism, kubandakanya inxaxheba yokuguquka. Makhe ndilandele nje umhlathi omnye:
Makhe sicinge ukuba naziphi na izizathu, ukuqala kweeminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ezedlulileyo iNorth Korea yakha umgca ngaphaya kwe-United States, ukusuka elwandle ukuya elwandle elikhanyayo, kwaye yahlula, yafundiswa kwaye yaqeqeshwa kwaye yaxhoba i-tyict tyrator eMzantsi United States, yabhubhisa i-80 ipesenti yezixeko eMntla-United States, kwaye wabulala izigidi zabantu baseMantla aseMntla. Emva koko iKorinte Korea yavuma ukuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamanye amazwe ase-United States okanye igosa eliphelile kwimfazwe, lugcina ukulawulwa kwexesha lokulwa kwezempi zaseMerika e-United States, lwakhiwe iinqununu zaseMerika zaseNyakatho zaseKorea eMzantsi United States, zabeka imikhosi ngasemzantsi we-US indawo echithwe kuyo phakathi kweli lizwe, kwaye wenza izigwebo zezoqoqosho ezinobuqhetseba kwiMntla eMerika iminyaka emininzi. Njengomhlali waseMntla United States, unokucinga ntoni xa umongameli waseNyakatho Korea esongela ilizwe lakho "ngomlilo noburhalarhume"? Urhulumente wakho unokuba neentlawulo zezobugebengu zangoku kunye nezembali kunye neentsilelo zekhredithi, kodwa ungacinga ntoni ngeengongelo ezivela kweli lizwe ezabulala ootatomkhulu wakho waza waziqhawula kwi-cousin? Okanye ngaba uya kunkwantya ukucinga ngengqiqo? Olu lunzima lunokwenzeka kumakhulu emininzi, kwaye ndincoma ukuba uzame ngokuphindaphindiweyo engqondweni yakho nangamaqela, ukwenzela ukuba ubuchule bomntu bunokondla kwiingcamango zabanye.
Yintoni endiyithethayo ekuphakanyeleni ukuba sithintela imali esetyenziswayo emkhosini, ukunyaniseka, nokudakisa? Ewe, ngokuyinhloko ukuza nokuqonda okuchanileyo. Emva koko sizama ukufumana izifundo malunga nendlela yokwenza. Esinye isifundo sinokuba oku: ukuguqula ubuhlungu, sidinga ukungenelela okuqonda ukuba kunokwenzeka. Amalungu eKu Klux Klan aguqulwe ukuba abe ngumthetho wobulungisa bobuhlanga. Abantu baye bajoyina imigca yezobuhlanga kubulungisa boqoqosho kwimikhankaso yabantu abampofu, abadala kunye ezintsha. Abo bachonga ngobukhulu bobukhulu base-US bahlala becinga ngamazinga e-US ukupha nobuhle obuya kuthi, xa buyenzeka ngokwenene, buya kutshintsha ihlabathi libe ngcono. Ukufunda kancinci ngesinye isiko okanye ulwimi alukhuni, kwaye akunakho ukudibana nokubonakalisa uxolo, kodwa unokwenza yonke imohluko. Uphando lufumene ukuba ukuzimisela ukubhobhisa ilizwe kulandelelanisa ukukwazi ukuyibeka ngokuchanekileyo kwimaphu. Kuthekani ukuba ngaba oomkhulu-patriots bangakhohliswa ngandlela-thile ekufundeni i-geography yehlabathi ukuba bafuna ukulawula?
Ekugqibeleni, kwakuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abantu bekwaziswa ngobungakanani bebhajethi yezempi yase-US, kunye nelokuba kunciphisa imisebenzi kunokubumba, ukubeka ingozi kumaMerika kunokuzikhusela, kubhubhisa indawo engokwemvelo kunokusigcina, ilahle inkululeko kunokuba idale inkululeko, inciphisa ubomi bethu, inciphisa impilo yethu, kwaye isongela ukhuseleko lwethu. Kuthekani ukuba abo bafuna iUnited States ukuba babe novuyo banokubambisana nalabo abazenza ngathi banomusa kwaye benze ngesiseko sobungqina ukwenza ukuba lube uhlobo lukaRhulumente olungagqithanga nje abantwana kubazali babo abaphilayo, kodwa Kwakhona akudala izigidi zeenkedama ngokubulala abazali babo ngeemfazwe?
Abantu banenkathalo malunga nobuqhetseba abayifumanayo. Kodwa inkohlakalo kumgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle ifunyaniswe ngolu hlobo, ngokuba akukho nxaxheba enkulu yezopolitiko efuna ukuba yaziwe, kuba i-media media ifuna ukuba ingaziwa, kuba iibhodi zesikolo ziqwalasela olo lwazi, kwaye ngenxa yokuba abantu abafuni ukwazi. UGeorge Orwell uthe abahlaziyi-nationalist abayi kuxoxwa nje ngeentlonelo ezenziwa luhlanga lwabo, kodwa baya kubonisa ukukwazi okungaqhelekanga ukuba bangazifumani ngabo. Sekunjalo, siyazi ukuba ukuba abantu banokunyanzeliswa ukuba bafumane malunga nabo, babeya kubakhathalela. Kwaye ukuba bafumene malunga nabo kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana eyenza baqaphele ukuba abanye bafumanisa, baya kwenza.
Njengoko izinto zimi, ngokuqonda kwethu okunqongophele, asinamandla. Ukukhusela i-2013 ibhomu yeSiriya, ukuxhasa iminyaka embalwa isivumelwano se-2015 yase-Iran, ukunqanda ukusongelwa komlilo noburhalarhume, ukumisa ukususwa kwabantwana kwiintsapho-ezi zinto zincinci zincinci ezibonisa ukuba zininzi kakhulu.
Ndibhalile incwadi yabantwana ebizwa ngokuthi Ihlabathi leThubhu ozama ukunika abantwana ingcamango engabonakaliyo, eyomusa, neyakhayo kwizinto. Ndabhalwa kwakhona kwaye ndizisa nam namhlanje incwadi ebizwa ngokuba Imfazwe ayisoze yaphela endiyibhalayo ekulungiseleleni ingxoxo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-waristic theory. Ngaloo nto ndenza ityala lokuba imigaqo eninzi yemfazwe yombutho ayinakuze ihlangane, kodwa ukuba ukuba ingayenza imfazwe imfazwe imimangaliso yayiya kuqhubeka-ukuze kulungele ukuziphatha - kufuneka ukuba ikhuphe umonakalo owenziwe ngokugcina iziko lemfazwe ukujikeleza kunye nokulahla iidola eziyi-trillion ngonyaka. Injalo enjalo ayinakwenzeka, enikezelwa ngezinye iindlela esiye sazenza kwizenzo ezingabonogonyamelo, ukugcina uxolo olungenakuxhaswa, inyaniso kunye nokuxolelana, idiplomacy, uncedo kunye nokulawulwa komthetho.
Lo mbono wokuthatha lonke iziko lemfazwe yinto endiyisebenzelayo ukubizwa World BEYOND War. Sinesibambiso esifutshane abantu abasayine kwii-158 kumazwe, kwaye ndiza kudlula ngebhodibhodi kwimzuzwana nje ukuba ungathanda ukusayina kwakhona, kwaye ubeke idilesi yakho ye-imeyile ukuba ungathanda ukuba zibandakanyeke ngakumbi, kwaye uyibeke phantsi ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba ungathanda ukuba singayithumeli ngenye i-imeyili ngomnye umntu. Ndiza kukufunda isibambiso ukuze ungayifundeli kwibhodi yokunamathisela:
"Ndiyayiqonda ukuba iimfazwe kunye nezobukhosi zisenza sibe sikhuselekileyo kunokuba sikhusele, ukuba babulale, balimaze kwaye bahlukumeze abantu abadala, abantwana kunye neentsana, ukulimaza kakhulu imvelo, ukuphazamisa inkululeko yoluntu, nokukhupha ubutyebi bethu, ukuxhamla izibonelelo ezisuka ekuqinisekiseni ubomi imisebenzi. Ndizimisele ukuzibandakanya kunye nokuxhasa imizamo engeyiyo imilingo yokuphelisa yonke imfazwe kunye namalungiselelo emfazwe kunye nokudala uxolo oluzinzileyo nolungileyo. "
Sisebenza kwimigudu yemfundo kunye nezobudlova ukuqhubela phambili eli njongo kunye namanyathelo kwindlela yalo. Sifuna ukuvalwa kweziseko, ukuchithwa kwezixhobo, ukuphendula uxanduva lwezophulo-mthetho, ukutshintshwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha siceba iintsuku ezinkulu zezenzo. Omnye ozayo kwi-11th ngeyure le-11th ngosuku lwenyanga ye-11th, kwiminyaka eyi-100 ngokususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ngumhla we-Armistice, owawuyiholide yoxolo kuze kube yilapho usuqulelwa kwiSuku saMaTeter ngexesha lokubhujiswa kweMntla Korea kwi-1950s. Ngoku iholide apho amaqela aseMantla aKhuseleko kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo ayenqatshelwe ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwimimiselo. Sifanele siyibuyisele kwiSuku lokuHlola, kwaye ngokukodwa sifuna ukugubhazela ukubhiyozela uSuku lwe-Armistice ukubhiyozela izixhobo zemfazwe (kunye nesongelo esipheleleyo kwihlabathi) ukuba uDonald Trump uceba ukulungiselela usuku eWashington, DC Yiya kwiworldbeyondwar.org/armisticeday ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
Ngoku ndiyakuthanda ukuzama ukuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ndibandakanye nayiphi na ingxoxo.
Enkosi.
