NguPatrick Kennelly
Unyaka ka-2014 uphawula owona nyaka ubhubhileyo e-Afghanistan kubemi, abalwi kunye nabangaphandle. Imeko iye yafikelela kwinqanaba elitsha njengoko intsomi yelizwe lase-Afghan iqhubeka. Iminyaka elishumi elinesithathu kweyona mfazwe inde yaseMelika, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luthi i-Afghanistan ikhula ngamandla, nangona phantse zonke izikhombisi zibonisa ngenye indlela. Kutshanje, urhulumente ophakathi wasilela (kwakhona) ukwenza unyulo olunobulungisa nolucwangcisiweyo okanye ukubonisa ulongamo lwabo. Endaweni yoko, uJohn Kerry wabhabha waya kweli lizwe kwaye walungiselela ubunkokeli obutsha belizwe. Iikhamera zaqengqeleka kwaye urhulumente wobumbano wabhengezwa. Iinkokeli zamazwe angaphandle ezidibana eLondon zigqibe malunga neephakheji zoncedo ezintsha kunye nenkxaso-mali kurhulumente osanda kuzalwa. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zanceda i-broker kwisivumelwano sokugcina imikhosi yangaphandle elizweni, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye uMongameli u-Obama wabhengeza ukuba imfazwe iyaphela-nangona wanyusa inani lemikhosi emhlabeni. E-Afghanistan, uMongameli uGhani wayichitha ikhabhinethi kwaye abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba unyulo lwepalamente luka-2015 luza kuhlehliswa.
I-Taliban kunye namanye amaqela avukelayo ayaqhubeka nokufumana amandla kwaye akhuphe iindawo ezongezelelekileyo zelizwe phantsi kolawulo lwabo. Kuwo onke amaphondo, nakwizixeko ezikhulu, iiTaliban ziqalisile ukuqokelela irhafu kwaye zisebenzela ukukhusela iindlela eziphambili. IKabul—isixeko esiye sabizwa ngokuba sesona sixeko sinqatyisiweyo emhlabeni—ikhe yasengozini ngenxa yeziqhushumbisi ezininzi zokuzibulala. Uhlaselo kwiithagethi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizikolo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwizindlu zabasebenzi bamanye amazwe, umkhosi, kunye neofisi yomphathi wamapolisa waseKabul ichaze ngokucacileyo amandla omkhosi ochasene norhulumente ukuba aqhankqalaze ngokuthanda kwakhe. Ekuphenduleni ingxaki ekhulayo, iSibhedlele esiNgxamisekileyo eKabul siye saphoqeleka ukuba siyeke ukunyanga izigulane ezingabonakaliyo ukuze ziqhubeke nokuphatha inani elikhulayo labantu abalimala ngezibhamu, iibhombu, ukuqhuma ukuzibulala kunye nemigodi.
Emva kweminyaka emine ndisiya e-Afghanistan ukuya kuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe, ndikhe ndeva abantu base-Afghan behlebeza malunga ne-Afghanistan njengelizwe elisilelayo, nanjengoko amajelo eendaba ebonise ukukhula, uphuhliso kunye nedemokhrasi. Ukusebenzisa uburharha obumnyama ukuphawula ngeemeko zangoku ama-Afghan ahlekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza njengoko kufanele; bayayivuma inyaniso engenakuchazwa. Babonisa ukuba imikhosi yamazwe angaphandle engaphezu kwe-101,000 100 eqeqeshelwe ukulwa nokusebenzisa ugonyamelo eye yalusebenzisa kakuhle uqeqesho olulufumeneyo—ngogonyamelo; ukuba abarhwebi bezixhobo baqinisekise ukuba onke amaqela angaqhubeka esilwa iminyaka ezayo ngokunikezela ngezixhobo kuwo onke amacala; ukuba abaxhasi bamazwe angaphandle baxhasa amaqela achaseneyo kunye namagosa angakwazi ukugqibezela imisebenzi yabo-okukhokelela kubundlobongela obuninzi kunye nokungabikho kokuphendula; ukuba i-NGO yamazwe ngamazwe iphumeze iinkqubo kwaye izuze ngaphezulu kwe-XNUMX yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kuncedo; kwanokuba uninzi kolo tyalo-mali luye lwafakwa kwiiakhawunti zebhanki zangaphandle, lunceda ikakhulu abantu basemzini kunye nabase-Afghan abambalwa abakumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokubhekele phaya, uninzi lwemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe “engakhethi buso”, kunye nezinye zeeNGO eziphambili, ziye zadibana nemikhosi eyahlukahlukeneyo yokulwa. Ngaloo ndlela kwanoncedo olusisiseko lokunceda abantu luye lwaba loluyezomkhosi lwaza lwenziwa ezopolitiko. Kwi-Afghan eqhelekileyo inyaniso icacile. Iminyaka elishumi elinesithathu yotyalo-mali kumkhosi kunye nenkululeko ishiye ilizwe ezandleni zamazwe angaphandle, ii-NGOs ezingasebenziyo, kunye nomlo phakathi kwabaninzi beemfazwe ezifanayo kunye neTaliban. Isiphumo sisimo sangoku esingazinzanga, esiwohlokayo endaweni yelizwe elizimeleyo.
Ukanti, kuhambo lwam oluya e-Afghanistan, ndikhe ndeva enye intlebendwane engathethekiyo, ngokwahlukileyo kwingxelo exelwe ngamajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, kukho enye into enokwenzeka, ukuba indlela endala ayizange isebenze, kwaye lixesha lokutshintsha; ukuba ukungabikho kobundlobongela kunokusombulula eminye imingeni elijongene nayo ilizwe. E-Kabul, i-Border Free Centre-iziko loluntu apho abantu abatsha banokuhlola indima yabo ekuphuculeni uluntu,-ihlola ukusetyenziswa kokungabikho kobundlobongela ukuze babandakanyeke kwiinzame ezinzulu zokwenza uxolo, ukugcinwa koxolo kunye nokwakha uxolo. Olu lutsha luselula luzibandakanya kwiiprojekthi zemiboniso ukubonisa indlela iintlanga ezahlukeneyo ezinokusebenza ngayo kunye nokuhlala kunye. Badala olunye uqoqosho olungathembeli kubundlobongela ukuze babonelele ngokuphila kwabo bonke abantu base-Afghan, ngakumbi abahlolokazi nabantwana abasesichengeni. Bafundisa abantwana abahlala ezitalatweni kwaye baqulunqa izicwangciso zokunciphisa izixhobo elizweni. Basebenza ukugcina okusingqongileyo kunye nokudala imodeli yeefama eziphilayo ukubonisa indlela yokuphilisa umhlaba. Umsebenzi wabo ubonisa into engabonakaliyo e-Afghanistan-ukuba xa abantu besenza umsebenzi woxolo, inkqubela yokwenene inokufezekiswa.
Mhlawumbi ukuba iminyaka yokugqibela ye-13 ibingagxininisi kakhulu kwiinjongo zezopolitiko zangaphandle kunye noncedo lwasemkhosini kwaye igxile ngakumbi kumanyathelo afana neZiko leBorder Free Centre, imeko yase-Afghanistan inokwahluka. Ukuba amandla agxile ekwenzeni uxolo, ukugcinwa koxolo, kunye nokwakha uxolo, mhlawumbi abantu banokuvuma ubunyani bemeko kwaye benze inguqu yokwenyani yelizwe lase-Afghan.
U-Pat Kennelly nguMlawuli weZiko leYunivesithi yaseMarquette yoXolo kwaye usebenza naye Iimvo ze-Creative Unviolence. Ubhala esuka eKabul, e-Afghanistan kwaye unokuqhagamshelana naye kennellyp@gmail.com
