NguNicolas JS Davies, nge-18 kaFebruwari ngo-2020
Umhlaba ulinde ngexhala ukubona ukuba i-US kunye noorhulumente base-Afghanistan kunye neTaliban bayakuvuma a Iveki enye oko kungabeka inqanaba lokupheliswa komlilo "ngokusisigxina kwaye kubanzi" kunye nokurhoxa kwe-US kunye neminye imikhosi yezangaphandle evela e-Afghanistan. Ngaba ezi ntetho zinokuba zezokwenyani ngeli xesha, okanye ziya kuba lelinye nje ukutshaya Ukuba likhoboka likaMongameli uTrump lokubulala kwaye nosaziwayo whack-imolekyulu?
Ukuba ukupheliswa komlilo kuyenzeka ngokwenene, akukho mntu uya konwaba ngaphezu kwama-Afghani alwayo kwaye asweleka ngaphambili kwimfazwe eyachazwa kwintatheli ye-BBC njenge "ayisiyo mpi yethu." Imikhosi yaseburhulumenteni yase-Afghanistan kunye namapolisa asokolayo kakhulu kule mfazwe axelele i-BBC ukuba abalwi nenzondo ngeTaliban okanye ukunyaniseka kurhulumente oxhaswa yi-US, kodwa ngenxa yentlupheko, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokuzikhusela . Kule nkalo, babambeke kwakwimeko emaxongo njengezigidi zabanye abantu ngaphesheya kwe-Middle East enkulu naphina apho i-United States iguqule amakhaya abantu kunye noluntu baba "ziindawo zemfazwe" zaseMelika.
E-Afghanistan, Imikhosi yase-US eqeqeshe imisebenzi ekhethekileyo 'Zingela ubulale' ukuhlaselwa ebusuku kunye nemisebenzi ekhubekisayo in Taliban-bona indawo, exhaswa ngu ukutshabalalisaumoya wase-USAmandla abulala ubukhulu becala amanani angabhalwanga zeemfazwe zokulwa kunye nabahlali. I-US yehlile a i-post-2001 irekhodi I-7,423 yeebhombu nemijukujelwa kwiAfghanistan kwi 2019.
Kodwa njengoyintatheli ye-BBC uNanamou Ucacile uSteffensen (mamela apha, ukusuka ku-11: 40 ukuya ku-16: 50), kunjalo bexhobile umgangatho-kunye nefayile Afghanistan majoni namapolisa kwiindawo zokujonga kunye Iziphumo ezincinci zokuzikhusela ngaphesheya ilizwe, hayi imikhosi yase-US exhaswa li-elite ekhethekileyo kwimikhosi ekhethekileyo, Ngubani nde zeleka eyona yoyikisayo inqanaba le amaxhoba. Umongameli Ghani phendla ngoJanuwari ka-2019 ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-45,000 yomkhosi wase-Afghanistan ubulewe ngokokuthatha kwakhe i-ofisi ngoSeptemba ngo-2014, kwaye ngazo zonke iakhawunti 2019 yayingu nditsho nokubulala.
USteffensen wajikeleza iAfghanistan ethetha namajoni aseAfghan kunye namapolisa kwiindawo zokujonga kunye nakwizithuba ezincinci zikhoyo umgca ophambili ongakhuselekanga wedabi laseMelika ngokuchasene neTaliban. Imikhosi USteffensen uthethile bamxelela ukuba babhalise emkhosini okanye amapolisa kuba bengafumani msebenzi wumbi, kwaye bafumana uqeqesho lwenyanga enye kusetyenziso lwe-AK-47 kunye ne-RPG ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwimigca engaphambili. Uninzi aunxibe kuphela i-t-shirts kunye ne-slipper okanye i-afghan yendabuko yaseAfghanng, nangona bambalwa amasuntswana ezemidlalo kunye neziqwenga ze izixhobo zomzimba. Baphila ngokusaba rhoqo, "belindele ukuba ngaphezulu okanye nini." Elinye ipolisa laxelela uSteffensen, “Abakhathali ngathi. Yiloo nto uninzi lwethu lufa. Kuxhomekeke kuthi ukuba silwe okanye sibulawe, yiyo yonke loo nto. ”
Kudliwanondlebe olothusayo, eAfghanistan inkosi yamapolisa kuzwelonke, Jikelele Khoshal Sadat, ziqinisekisile iimbono zamajoni ngexabiso eliphantsi elibekwe kubomi babo yonakele Urhulumente wase-US oxhaswa ngemali. ngokubanzi Sadat uphumelele iikholeji zomkhosi e-UK nase-US owayekade inkundla yomkhosi phantsi kuka-Mongameli uKarzai ngonyaka ka-2014 ngokubambisa abantu ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokungcatsha ilizwe lakhe e-US nase-UK uMongameli uGhani wamkhuthaza intloko yamapolisa esizwe kwi2019. USteffensen ubuze uSadat malunga nefuthe lokonzakala okuphezulu ekuziphatheni nasekugayweni. "Xa ujonga ukuqashwa," uSadat wamxelela, "Ndihlala ndicinga ngeentsapho zase-Afghanistan kunye nokuba banabantwana abangakanani. Into entle kukuba akusayi kunqongophala abesilisa abakwiminyaka yokulwa abaya kuba nakho ukujoyina umkhosi. ”
Kudliwanondlebe lokugqibela kwingxelo kaSteffensen, ipolisa kwindawo yokukhangela isithuthis appUkuhambahamba edolophini yaseWardak ukusuka kumhlaba olawulwa nguTaliban kuthandabuza kakhulu injongo yemfazwe. Wamxelela ukuba, “AsingamaSilamsi sonke. Asinangxaki omnye komnye. ” "Ke kutheni usilwa?" ubuzile kuye. Wathandabuza, wahleka ngokungcungcuthekisa wanikina intloko ngendlela yokushiya isikhundla. Uyazi ukuba kutheni. Ndiyasazi isizathu. Ayisiyiyo kwaphela yethu Yilwa, utshilo.
Ke why thina zonke silwe?
Tisimo sengqondo semikhosi yase-Afghan USteffensen odliwanondlebe kwabelwane ngabantu abalwayo zombini Icalas of Iimfazwe zaseMelika. Ngaphesheya kwe "arc yokungazinzisi" yokuba ngoku elula Ntlanu amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka e-Afghanistan ukuya e-Mali nakwezinye iindawo, iimfazwe zase-US "zotshintsho" kunye "nemfazwe yokulwa" ziguqule izigidi zabantuAmakhaya kunye noluntu ukuya “kumadabi emfazwe.” Njengokuqeshwa kwabantu base-Afghanistan uSteffensen othethileyo, abantu abanqwenela ukuba bazimanye bajoyineed amaqela axhobileyo zonke amacala, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezinento yokwenza nembono, inkolo okanye iintshukumo ezimbi zokucinga ezithathwa ngabezopolitiko baseNtshona.
Unobhala Wezwe wase-US u-CondoleezzIlayisi ziyeke rhoqo ngonyaka report pa gthambisa timpazamo ngo-2005, emva kokuba ityhile eyokuqala Ntathu yeminyaka yobudala bemfazwe yase-US "Imfazwe phezu kogwantyo" yayinayo ngokuxelwa kwangaphambili kukhokelela kuqhushumbe lwehlabathi lonke ukuxhathisa, i ngqo ngokuchasene nenjongo yayo echaziweyos. Impendulo yeRice kwizityhilelo zengxelo yayiza kuzama cinezela ukwazisa uluntu malunga esona siphumo sicacileyo sokungabikho komthetho e-US kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni iimfazwe.
Fifiminyaka yeshumi elivisayokumanzi, I-US kunye neentshaba zayo eziqhubekayo ziqhubeka zibambekile kumjikelezo wobundlobongela kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathih isenzos yebarbarism ka Nye Icala kuphela mafutha entsha ukwanda nokwanda kobundlobongela by enye Icala, engenasiphelo emehlweni. RAbaphandi Uhlole indlela isiphithiphithi Nodlova Isiphithiphithi zeemfazwe zaseMelika tutshintsho ebengakhethi cala Abemi belizwe ngezizwe babe ngamadabi axhobileyo. Ngokuthe gabalala ezininzi ezahlukeneyo Imfazwe izowunisy Ndifumene ukuba Isizathu esiyintloko sokuba abantu bajoyine amaqela axhobileyo kukuzikhusela, nosapho lwabo okanye uluntu lwabo, kwaye ukuba fIigters ngoko Yiya kwiqela elinamandlaUkufumana ezona khuseleko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo encinci ye-ideology.
Ngo-2015, iZiko laBahlali kwiNgxabano (i-CIVIC), udliwanondlebeEd. 250 abalwa ukusuka eBosnia, I-Palestina (Gaza), I-Libya ne-Somalia, kwaye yapapasha iziphumo kwi ingxelo zibizwa Iimbono zabantu: Abemi kwiingxabano ezixhobileyo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba, "Eyona ntshukumisa ixhaphakileyo yokuzibandakanya, echazwe ngabantu ekwenziwe udliwanondlebe kuzo zone ezi meko zophando, yayikukuzikhusela wena okanye usapho."
Ngo-2017, iNkqubo ye-UN yoPhuculo (I-UNDP) benza uvavanyo olufanayo nabantu abangama-500 abaye bajoyina iAl-I-Qaeda, iBoko Haram, Al-Shabaab kunye namanye amaqela axhobileyo eAfrika. I Ingxelo ye-UNDP ibinesihloko Uhambo oluya e-Extremism e-Afrika: Abaqhubi, abaKhuthazi kunye neZiko lokuTyumba kwakhona. Iziphumo zaso zaqinisekisa ezo zezinye izifundo, and le umloIimpendulo ezikuyo ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo “yokufumana indawo” yokuqesha ibikukukhanya.
Ingxelo ethi yafunyanwa, "I-71%, yabonisa 'isenzo sikarhulumente', kubandakanya 'ukubulawa kwelungu losapho okanye umhlobo' okanye 'ukubanjwa kwelungu losapho okanye umhlobo', njengesiganeko esenze ukuba bajoyine." The UNDP Uqukumbele ngelithi, "Intshukumo yabasebenzi bezokhuseleko bakarhulumente ibonakaliswa njengento ekhawulezayo yokugaya abantu, kunokuba iphinde ibuye umva."
Urhulumente wase-US lonakaliswe yimikhosi enamandla yasemkhosini-kwezomzi-mveliso kangangokuba akanamdla wakufunda kwezi zifundo, nangaphezulu koko kokwakhe elide amava ka akukho semthethweni kwaye intlekele ukwenza imfazwe. Ukuxela rhoqo ukuba “zonke iindlela zisetafileni,” kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa komkhosi, kukwaphula umthetho we I-UN Charter, othintela isoyikiso kunye nokusebenzisa amandla ngokuchasene nezinye izizwe ngokuchanekileyo kuba izoyikiso ezingacacanga, ezivulekileyo ezivulekileyo zikhokelela kwangaphambili emfazweni.
Kodwa kokucace ngakumbie yoluntu lwaseMelika baqondes ubuxoki kunye nokuziphatha, okusemthethweni kunye nokubhangiswa kwemali Izizathu ze ilizwe lethu yingozi iimfazwe, okucacileyo ngakumbi sinako mngeni le nganto amabango e Ukufudumala kwezopolitiko imigaqo-nkqubo yazo nikela ngomhlaba kuphela Kaninzi ukufa, ukutshatyalaliswa nezidubedube. Ukuphazamiseka kukaTrump, ukubulala Umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Iran ungowona mzekelo mva nje, kwaye, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi, umkhosi wase-US uhlala uhleli i-bipartisan ebuhlungu, ngaphandle kokuhlonitshwa okumbalwa.
Nini iUS yekas ukubulala abantu nokuqhushumba amakhaya abo, kwaye Umhlaba ukuqalas ukunceda abantu ukuba bazixhase kwaye bazikhusele kwaye Iintsapho zabo ngaphandle kokujoyina imikhosi yase-US exhaswe ngogonyamelo okanye amaqela axhobileyo abalwa ngawo, emva koko kuphela koko kuyenzeka Iimpikiswano zemfazwe eye yatshayelwa ngumkhosi wase-US kwihlabathi liphela qalisa ukuncipha.
I-Afghanistan ayisiyeyona mfazwe inde eMelika. Lo mahluko mbi ungowase- Imfazwe yaseIndiya yaseMelika, eyaqala okoko kwasekwa ilizwe kwada kwabanjwa ii-Apache zokugqibela ngo-1924. Kodwa ke imfazwe yase-US e-Afghanistan yeyona inde kakhulu ye-anachronistic kunye noqikelelo lweemfazwe ezingenakuphikiswa i-US ezalwa ukusukela ngo-1945.
Njengokuba umqhubi weteksi waseAfghan eVancouver wandixelelayo ngo-2009, “Sahlula ubukhosi basePersi ngenkulungwane ye-18. Soyise amaNgesi ngenkulungwane ye-19. Soyisile iSoviet Union kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngoku, ngeNATO, silwa namazwe angama-28, kodwa nathi siza kuwoyisa. ” Zange ndithandabuze umzuzu. Kodwa kutheni iinkokheli zaseMelika, ekukhohliseni ubukhosi kunye nokuzibandakanya kwitekhnoloji yezixhobo ezisebenzisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, ukuba zimamele umqhubi weteksi wase-Afghanistan?
