NguMedea Benjamin kunye noNicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK yoxolo, Agasti 30, 2021
Abantu baseMelika bothuswe ziividiyo zamawakawaka abantu base-Afghan bebeka ubomi babo emngciphekweni bebaleka ukubuya kweTaliban kulawulo kwilizwe labo-kwaye emva koko ngokuqhushumba kwe-Islamic State ngokuzibulala kunye nokulandela. ku bulala yimikhosi yase-US ukuba kunye bulawa ubuncinane 170 abantu, kuquka 13 US amajoni.
Nangona Iiarhente ze-UN lumkisa ngentlekele ezayo yoluntu e-Afghanistan, i-US Treasury Umkhenkce phantse yonke i-Afghan Central Bank ye-9.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiimali zangaphandle, ivimbe urhulumente omtsha imali eya kuyidinga kakhulu kwiinyanga ezizayo ukuze yondle abantu bayo kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezisisiseko.
Phantsi koxinzelelo lolawulo lwe-Biden, i-International Monetary Fund sigqibo Ukungakhuphi iidola ezingama-450 ezigidi zeerandi kwiimali ebezicwangciselwe ukuthunyelwa e-Afghanistan ukunceda ilizwe ukuba lijamelane nobhubhani we-coronavirus.
I-US kunye namanye amazwe aseNtshona nawo amise uncedo loluntu e-Afghanistan. Emva kokuba ngusihlalo wengqungquthela ye-G7 e-Afghanistan ngo-Agasti 24, iNkulumbuso yase-UK u-Boris Johnson wathi ukubamba uncedo kunye nokuqatshelwa kwabanika "impembelelo enkulu kakhulu - kwezoqoqosho, idiplomatic kunye nezopolitiko" phezu kweTaliban.
Oosopolitiki baseNtshona balala ngokubhekisele kumalungelo oluntu, kodwa bazama ngokucacileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abalingane babo base-Afghan bagcina amandla athile kurhulumente omtsha, kwaye impembelelo yaseNtshona kunye nomdla e-Afghanistan ayipheli ngokubuya kweTaliban. Olu ncedo lusetyenziswa ngeedola, iiponti, kunye nee-euro, kodwa luya kuhlawulwa kubomi base-Afghan.
Ukufunda okanye ukumamela abahlalutyi baseNtshona, umntu unokucinga ukuba imfazwe ye-United States kunye nabalingane bayo beminyaka engama-20 yayingumzamo onobubele kunye noluncedo wokuphucula ilizwe, ukukhulula abafazi base-Afghan kunye nokubonelela ngezempilo, imfundo kunye nemisebenzi emihle, kwaye oku konke ngoku kutshayelwe kukuthobela amaTaliban.
Inyani yahluke kakhulu, kwaye akukho nzima ukuyiqonda. IUnited States yachitha $ 2.26 zezigidi kwimfazwe yayo e-Afghanistan. Ukuchitha olo hlobo lwemali nakweliphi na ilizwe bekufanele ukuba kukhuphe abantu abaninzi kubuhlwempu. Kodwa uninzi lwezo mali, malunga ne-1.5 yezigidigidi zeedola, ziye zangenangqondo, inkcitho yemikhosi yasemkhosini yokugcina umkhosi wase-US, yehla. phezu kwe80,000 iibhombu kunye nemijukujelwa kwi-Afghans, ahlawule iikontraka zabucala, kunye nemikhosi yothutho, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zomkhosi emva naphambili kwihlabathi jikelele iminyaka engama-20.
Ukusukela oko iUnited States yasilwa le mfazwe ngemali ebolekiweyo, iye yaxabisa nesiqingatha seetriliyoni zeerandi kwintlawulo yenzala yodwa, eya kuqhubeka kude kwikamva. Iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhubazeka kumajoni ase-US enzakeleyo e-Afghanistan sele engaphezulu kwe-175 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka zisanda njengoko amajoni ekhula. Iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhubazeka kwiimfazwe zase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan ekugqibeleni zinokufikelela kwiitriliyoni zeedola.
Ke kuthekani "ngokwakha kwakhona iAfghanistan"? ICongress imiselwe $ 144 billion ukuze kwakhiwe kwakhona e-Afghanistan ukususela ngo-2001, kodwa i-88 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaloo nto yachithwa ukugaya, ukuxhobisa, ukuqeqesha kunye nokuhlawula i-Afghan "imikhosi yokhuseleko" esele ichithakele, kunye namajoni abuyela kwiilali zawo okanye ukujoyina iTaliban. Enye i-15.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola esetyenzisiweyo phakathi kwe-2008 kunye ne-2017 yabhalwa "njengenkunkuma, ubuqhetseba kunye nokuxhatshazwa" nguMhloli oKhethekileyo wase-US woKwakha kwakhona i-Afghanistan.
Iimvuthuluka ezisele, ngaphantsi kwe-2% yenkcitho ye-US iyonke e-Afghanistan, ifikelela malunga ne-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ekufuneka ibonelele ngenzuzo ethile kubantu base-Afghan kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, iziseko zophuhliso kunye noncedo loluntu.
Kodwa, njengase-Iraq, urhulumente i-US efakwe e-Afghanistan yayidume ngorhwaphilizo, kwaye urhwaphilizo lwalo luye lwendele ngakumbi kunye nenkqubo ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Transparency International (TI) iye rhoqo zibalwa I-Afghanistan ehlala i-US njengelinye lawona mazwe anobuqhophololo emhlabeni.
Abafundi baseNtshona banokucinga ukuba le nkohlakalo yingxaki ehlala ixesha elide e-Afghanistan, ngokuchasene nenkalo ethile yomsebenzi wase-US, kodwa oku akunjalo. amanqaku e-TI ukuba, “kuqondwa ngokubanzi ukuba umlinganiselo worhwaphilizo emva ko-2001 unyukile kumanqanaba angaphambili.” A Ingxelo ye2009 nguMbutho weNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho noPhuhliso walumkisa ngelithi “urhwaphilizo lunyuke lwaya kutsho kumanqanaba angazange abonwe kulawulo lwangaphambili.”
Olo lawulo luya kubandakanya urhulumente weTaliban owathi imikhosi yokuhlasela yase-US yasuswa kulawulo ngo-2001, kunye neSoviet-allied socialist. Oorhulumente ezaye zabhukuqwa yi-US-deployed precursors ye-Al Qaeda kunye ne-Taliban ngo-1980, itshabalalisa inkqubela phambili enkulu abayenzileyo kwimfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye namalungelo abasetyhini.
2010 umbiko ngowayesakuba ligosa leReagan Pentagon u-Anthony H. Cordesman, enesihloko esithi “Indlela iMelika yonakalisa ngayo i-Afghanistan”, wohlwaya urhulumente wase-US ngokuphosa imali eninzi kweli lizwe ngaphandle kokuphendula.
The ENew York Times umbiko ngo-2013 ukuba nyanga zonke kwishumi leminyaka, i-CIA yayilahla iisutikheyisi, oobhaka kunye neengxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki ezifakwe iidola zaseMelika ukuze umongameli wase-Afghan anyobe iinkosi zemfazwe kunye nezopolitiko.
Urhwaphilizo lukwajongele phantsi kanye ezo ndawo abezopolitiko baseNtshona bazibambe njengempumelelo yomsebenzi, njengemfundo nokhathalelo lwempilo. Inkqubo yemfundo iye yaba iround nezikolo, ootitshala, nabafundi abafumaneka ephepheni kuphela. Iikhemesti zaseAfghan igcinwe ngamayeza omgunyathi, aphelelwe lixesha okanye akumgangatho ophantsi, amaninzi angeniswa ngokungekho mthethweni esuka ebumelwaneni basePakistan. Kwinqanaba lomntu, urhwaphilizo lwaluphenjelelwa ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente abafana nootishala abarholayo isinye kwishumi kuphela imivuzo yabantu base-Afghan abanxibelelene ngcono abasebenzela ii-NGOs zangaphandle kunye neekontraka.
Ukuphelisa urhwaphilizo kunye nokuphucula ubomi base-Afghan bekuhlala kukwinqanaba lesibini kwinjongo ephambili yase-US yokulwa neTaliban kunye nokugcina okanye ukwandisa ulawulo lukarhulumente wabo. Njengoko i-TI ibike, "I-US ihlawule ngabom amaqela ahlukeneyo axhobileyo kunye nabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni base-Afghan ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano kunye / okanye ulwazi, kwaye basebenzisane neerhuluneli kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakhohlakele kangakanani ... Urhwaphilizo lujongele phantsi umsebenzi wase-US e-Afghanistan ngokufaka izikhalazo kurhulumente wase-Afghan kunye nokusasaza. inkxaso yezinto eziphathekayo kuvukelo.”
The ubundlobongela obungapheliyo Ukuhlala kwe-US kunye norhwaphilizo lukarhulumente oxhaswa yi-US lonyuse inkxaso ethandwayo kwiTaliban, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni apho iikota ezintathu abantu base-Afghan bahlala. Intlupheko enganyangekiyo ye-Afghanistan ehleliyo nayo ibe negalelo kuloyiso lweTaliban, njengoko abantu bethandabuza ngokwendalo ukuba umsebenzi wabo wamazwe atyebileyo njenge-United States kunye namahlakani ayo aseNtshona angabashiya njani kubuhlwempu obungaka.
Phambi kwengxaki ekhoyo ngoku, i inani lama-Afghans ingxelo yokuba bebesokola ukuphila ngengeniso yabo yangoku inyuke ukusuka kuma-60% ngowama-2008 ukuya kuma-90% ngowama-2018. A 2018 Poll Galp ifumene awona manqanaba asezantsi okuzixela "intlalontle" eyake yabhalwa nguGallup naphi na kwihlabathi. Abantu base-Afghan abachazanga kuphela amanqanaba okubandezeleka kodwa kunye nokungabi nathemba okungazange kubonwe ngekamva labo.
Nangona ezinye iinzuzo kwimfundo yamantombazana, kuphela kwisithathu Amantombazana aseAfghan Ufunde kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi ngo-2019 kwaye kuphela I-37% yamantombazana ase-Afghan afikisayo babefundile. Esinye isizathu sokuba bambalwa abantwana abaya esikolweni e-Afghanistan kukuba ngaphezu abantwana abazizigidi ezibini abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-14 kufuneka basebenze ukuze baxhase iintsapho zabo ezihlwempuzekileyo.
Ukanti endaweni yokucamagushela indima yethu ekugcineni uninzi lwabantu base-Afghan bentyumpantyumpeka kwintlupheko, iinkokeli zaseNtshona ngoku zicima uncedo olufuneka ngamandla lwezoqoqosho nolwabantu ababeluxhasa ngemali. iikota ezintathu yecandelo likarhulumente lase-Afghanistan kwaye lenze i-40% ye-GDP yayo iyonke.
Enyanisweni, iUnited States kunye namahlakani ayo asabela ekuphulukaneni nemfazwe ngokusongela iTaliban kunye nabantu base-Afghanistan ngemfazwe yesibini yezoqoqosho. Ukuba urhulumente omtsha wase-Afghan akanikezeli "kwinqanaba" labo kwaye afezekise iimfuno zabo, iinkokeli zethu ziya kulamba abantu bazo kwaye emva koko zityhole iTaliban ngendlala elandelayo kunye nengxaki yobuntu, kanye njengoko benza iidemon kwaye batyhola amanye amaxhoba emfazwe yezoqoqosho yase-US. , ukusuka eCuba ukuya eIran.
Emva kokugalela iitriliyoni zeedola kwimfazwe engapheliyo e-Afghanistan, owona msebenzi uphambili waseMelika ngoku kukunceda i-40 yezigidi zabantu base-Afghan abangazange balibaleke ilizwe labo, njengoko bezama ukuchacha kumanxeba amabi kunye nonxunguphalo lwemfazwe ebangelwe yiMelika kubo, ngokunjalo. njenge Imbalela enkulu eye yatshabalalisa i-40% yezityalo zabo kulo nyaka kunye neqhwala wave wesithathu ye-covid-19.
I-US kufuneka ikhuphe i-9.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiimali zase-Afghan ezigcinwe kwiibhanki zase-US. Kufuneka itshintshe i $ 6 billion yabelwe imikhosi exhobileyo yase-Afghan engasekhoyo kuncedo loluntu, endaweni yokuyijikela kwezinye iindlela zokuchitha imali emkhosini. Kufuneka ikhuthaze amaqabane aseYurophu kunye IMF ukungabambeli mali. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka baxhase ngemali ngokupheleleyo isibheno se-UN 2021 $ 1.3 billion kuncedo olungxamisekileyo, olwathi ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti lube ngaphantsi kwe-40% exhaswa ngemali.
Ngaxa lithile, iUnited States yanceda amahlakani ayo aseBritane naseSoviet ukuba oyise iJamani kunye neJapan, emva koko yanceda ukuphinda iwakhe njengamazwe asempilweni, anoxolo nanempumelelo. Kuzo zonke iziphoso ezinzulu zaseMelika - ubuhlanga, ulwaphulo-mthetho eluntwini eHiroshima naseNagasaki kunye nobudlelwane bayo beniyo-koloniyali kunye namazwe ahlwempuzekileyo - iMelika ibambe isithembiso sempumelelo abantu kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela ababekulungele ukusilandela.
Ukuba yonke iUnited States kufuneka ibonelele ngamanye amazwe namhlanje yimfazwe, urhwaphilizo kunye nentlupheko eyazisa e-Afghanistan, ngoko ihlabathi lilumkile ukuba liqhubele phambili kwaye lijonge imizekelo emitsha yokulandela: imifuniselo emitsha kwidemokhrasi ethandwayo kunye nentlalontle; ugxininiso oluhlaziyiweyo kulawulo lwesizwe kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe; iindlela ezizezinye endaweni yokusetyenziswa komkhosi womkhosi ukusombulula iingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe; kunye neendlela ezilinganayo zokuququzelela kumazwe ngamazwe ukulwa neengxaki zehlabathi ezifana nobhubhani we-Covid kunye nentlekele yemozulu.
I-United States inokukhubeka kumzamo wayo ongenaziqhamo wokulawula umhlaba ngokusebenzisa impi kunye nokunyanzeliswa, okanye inokusebenzisa eli thuba ukucinga ngokutsha indawo yayo emhlabeni. Abantu baseMelika kufuneka balungele ukuguqula iphepha kwindima yethu ephelayo njenge-hegemon yehlabathi kwaye sibone indlela esinokwenza ngayo igalelo elivakalayo, lentsebenziswano kwikamva esingayi kuphinda sikwazi ukulilawula, kodwa ekufuneka sincede ukwakha.
UMedea uBenjamin ungumcebisi CODEPINK yoxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Imbali Yembali kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhliki yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi nge-CODEPINK kunye nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq.
