Ityala lemifanekiso: Ifakwe kwifoto kaJuni 7th ibhanna kwi-NE ye-45th St ewela ngaphezulu nguGlen Milner, iZiko leZero loMhlaba weZenzo ezingezizo
nguLeonard Eiger, IsiGqeba seZero soMgangatho weNxaxheba engeyiyo, UJuni 16, 2021
Seattle, WA, Juni 7, 2021: Amatshantliziyo aphethe ibhena kunye nemiqondiso kuhola wendlela oxakekileyo waseSeattle ngexesha lokuhamba ekuseni ukukhumbuza abantu ngokubaluleka kokupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Ukuqala nge-7 kaJuni, kunye nokuqhubeka kulo lonke ixesha lasehlotyeni, amatshantliziyo neZiko eliPhantsi leZenzo leNtshukumo engenabundlobongela banna kwi-Interstate 5, kwi-NE ye-45 yokuwela, kunye nemiyalezo egxininisa ukubaluleka koku Ukuphelisa izixhobo zeNyukliya. Amatshantliziyo aceba ukwenza ibhena rhoqo ngoMvulo phakathi kwentsimbi ye-8: 00 neye-9: 00 kusasa kwisitalato i-NE se-45.
Ngexesha apho iMfazwe Yomlomo ebandayo, ingabandakanyi i-US ne-Russia kuphela, kodwa ne-China, ishushu, i-bannering yenzelwe ukukhumbuza abemi be-Puget Sound ukuba bayamkele indima yabo noxanduva lwabo-njengabarhafi, njengamalungu olawulo lwentando yesininzi. uluntu, nanjengabamelwane kwiziko lenkwili yenyukliya eTrident kwiHood Canal –ukusebenza ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Isiseko seNavy Base Kitsap-Bangor, esikwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 entshona kweSeattle, sigoduka siye kwindawo yoxinaniso olukhulu lweemfazwe zenyukliya e-US. Iimpazamo ze-D-5 on Iinqanawa zeenqanawa ze-SSBN kwaye zigcinwe phantsi komhlaba indawo yokugcina izixhobo kwisiseko.
Kukho iindlela ezisibhozo ze-Trident ze-SSBN ezisasazwe apho Bangor. Iinqanawa ezintandathu ze-TrBN ze-Sitro zigxunyekwe kuNxweme oluseMpuma eKing Bay Bay, eGeorgia.
Inqanawa enye yeTrident ithwala amandla otshabalalo ngaphezulu kweebhombu ze-1,200 ze-Hiroshima (ibhombu yeHiroshima yayiziikhilothi ze-15).
Inqanawa yolwandle nganye eTrident yayixhotyiselwe imijukujelwa engama-24 eTrident. Kwi-2015-2017 iityhubhu ezine zemijukujelwa ziye zacinywa kwinkwili nganye ngenxa yesiVumelwano esitsha sokuQala. Okwangoku, inkwili nganye yaselwandle iTrident ihambisa imijukujelwa engama-20 D-5 kunye nemikhosi yenyukliya engama-90 (umndilili weentloko ezi-4-5 zemfazwe nganye ngomjukujelwa). Iimfazwe ziyi-W76-1 90-kiloton okanye i-W88 455-kiloton warheads.
Umkhosi wasemanzini kwangoko ngonyaka ka-2020 waqalisa ukuthumela into entsha I-W76-2 intloko yemfazwe eneemveliso ezisezantsi (malunga neekhilotoni ezisibhozo) ekukhetheni imijukujelwa yangaphantsi kolwandle eBangor (kulandela ukuthunyelwa okokuqala kwiAtlantic ngoDisemba 2019). Intloko yomkhosi yathunyelwa ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweRussia okokuqala kwezixhobo zenyukliya, kuyingozi ukudala umbundu osezantsi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US ezicwangcisiweyo.
Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kwe izixhobo zenukliya ngokuchasene nelinye ilizwe lezixhobo zenyukliya elinokuthi lenze ukuba kuphendulwe ngezixhobo zenyukliya, kubangele ukufa kunye nentshabalalo. Ngaphandle kwe iziphumo ngqo kubachasi, ukuwa okunxulumene nemitha ye-radioactive kuya kuchaphazela abantu bezinye izizwe. Iimpembelelo zabantu kunye nezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela ziya kuba ngaphaya kokucinga, kunye nemiyalelo yobukhulu obungaphaya kweempembelelo zobhubhane wecoronavirus.
Uxanduva lwasekuhlaleni kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya
Ukusondela kwethu kwelona nani likhulu lezixhobo zenyukliya ezisetyenzisiweyo kusibeka kufutshane nesoyikiso esiyingozi sasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Ummandla weSandi sePuget uya kuba yeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kuhlaselo lwenyukliya, oluya kuthi lubangele ukonakala ngokupheleleyo kwaye kungabikho mpendulo ifanelekileyo. Xa abemi besazi ngendima yabo kwithemba lemfazwe yenyukliya, okanye umngcipheko wengozi yenyukliya, kunye neziphumo, umba awuseyonto ethatyathiweyo. Ukusondela kwethu eBangor kufuna impendulo enzulu.
Abemi kulawulo lwentando yesininzi bakwanalo noxanduva – olubandakanya ukukhetha iinkokheli zethu kunye nokuhlala unolwazi malunga noko kwenziwa ngurhulumente wethu. Isiseko sasemanzini eBangor ziimayile ezingama-20 ukusuka edolophini yaseSeattle, kodwa yipesenti encinci yabemi kwingingqi yethu eyaziyo ukuba i-Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor ikhona.
Abemi baseWashington State bahlala bekhetha amagosa aseburhulumenteni axhasa izixhobo zenyukliya kwiWashington State. Kwii-1970s, uSenator uHenry Jackson waqinisekisa iPentagon ukuba ifumane isiseko sangaphantsi kolwandle iTrident kwiHood Canal, ngelixa uSenator uWarren Magnuson efumene inkxaso-mali yeendlela kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezibangelwe sisiseko seTrident. Inqanawa yokuqala yeTrident eya kuthiywa ngegama lomntu (kunye nowayesakuba nguSenator wase-Washington State) I-USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730), ebhalwe ekhaya e-Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Ngo-2012, iWashington State yamisela i- IArhente yeMikhosi yaseWashington (WMA), ikhuthazwe ngamandla ngabo bobabini iRhuluneli uGregoire kunye no-Inslee. I-WMA, iSebe lezoKhuselo kunye nezinye iiarhente zikarhulumente zisebenza ukomeleza indima ye State Washington njenge "...Iplatifomu yoQikelelo lweMandla (Amachweba oololiwe, oololiwe, iiNdlela, kunye neenqwelo moya) [kunye] nomoya ohambelanayo, umhlaba, kunye nolwandle ukuze kufezekiswe uthumo. ” Jonga kwakhona "ingqokelela yamandla. "
Isiseko seNavy Base Kitsap-Bangor kunye nenkqubo yangaphantsi kolwandle eTrident iguqukile okoko kwafika inkwili yokuqala eTrident ngo-Agasti 1982. isiseko siphuculwe ukuya kumjukujelwa omkhulu we-D-5 omkhulu nge-W88 enkulu (i-455 kiloton) yentloko yomlo, kunye nokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesikhokelo semikhosi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Umkhosi wamanzi usandula ukuhambisa amancinci I-W76-2"Isivuno esisezantsi" okanye isixhobo seNyukliya esineqhinga (malunga neekhilomitha ezisibhozo) kwimishini ekhethiweyo yokuphosa inqanawa e-Bangor, ngokwenza umngcipheko osezantsi wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Imiba ephambili
* I-US ichitha ngaphezulu izixhobo zenukliya iinkqubo kunokuba ngexesha lokuphakama kweMfazwe ebandayo.
* I-US okwangoku icwangcisa ukusebenzisa imali eqikelelweyo $ 1.7 zezigidi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yokwakha kwakhona izixhobo zenyukliya zesizwe kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya zala maxesha.
* INew York Times inike ingxelo yokuba i-US, iRussia kunye iTshayina basukela ngolunya isizukulwana esitsha esincinci kwaye esingachaphazeli izixhobo zenyukliya. Ukwakha kusongela ukuvuselela a Cold War-era iingalo ugqatso kunye nokusombulula ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwamazwe, ngelixa kusonyusa umngcipheko wokulwa ngengozi okanye ngenjongo yenyukliya. Zombini ezaseTshayina nezaseRussia zokuphucula izixhobo zenyukliya kunokubonwa njengempendulo kwi-US eqhubekayo yokuphucula iinkqubo ezikhoyo zenyukliya kunye nezicwangciso zeenkqubo ezintsha (zokutshintsha). Okwangoku i-US iqhubela phambili ngenkqubo yokutshintsha iklasi ye-Columbia ye-OHIO Class ye-ballistic submarine fleet. Izicwangciso zikwimisebenzi yentloko entsha yemfazwe yomjukujelwa wetranti (esele inikwe igama elithi "W93").
* I-US, phantsi kolawulo lukaTrump, yabhengeza ngoMeyi 2020 ukuba izokurhoxa kwi-Open Skies Treaty. NgoJanuwari 2021 iRussia yabhengeza iinjongo zayo zokurhoxa, kwaye ngoMeyi 2020 abaphathi beBiden bazisa iMoscow ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ingene kwisivumelwano.
Akukho nasinye kwizixhobo zenyukliya esibonakalise ukuxhasa iSivumelwano malunga nokuThintelwa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya, kwaye i-US yacela amazwe angazizikliya ukuba arhoxise inkxaso yawo kwisivumelwano.
* Umkhosi wamanzi waseMelika uthi I-SSBN oomatiloshe abajikelezayo banika i-US “eyona nto isindayo kunye nonyamezelo lwenyukliya.” Nangona kunjalo, ii-SSBNs kwizibuko kunye nemfazwe yenyukliya egcinwe kwi-SWFPAC inokuba yinto yokuqala ekujoliswe kuyo kwimfazwe yenyukliya. uphando imifanekiso ukusuka ku-2018 bonisa ama-subtrin amathathu e-SSBN kwindawo yokuhambisa amanzi kwiHood Canal.
* Ingozi ebandakanya izixhobo zenyukliya yenzekile Novemba 2003 xa ileli ingene kwi-nosecone yenyukliya ngexesha lokothula umjukujelwa ngesiqhelo kwii-Explosives Handling Wharf eBangor. Yonke imisebenzi yokuphatha imijukujelwa kwi-SWFPAC yamiswa kangangeeveki ezilithoba de kwabakho u-Bangor ngokuphatha izixhobo zenyukliya. Abaphathi abathathu abaphezulu bagxothwa, kodwa uluntu aluzange luchazelwe kude kube ulwazi lwaziswa kumajelo eendaba ngoMatshi ka-2004.
* Iimpendulo zikawonke-wonke ezivela kumagosa aseburhulumente ngengozi ye-missile ka-2003 zazisoloko ziloluhlobo ngaliswa kwaye kudana.
* Ngenxa yenkqubo yangoku eqhubekayo kunye neenkqubo zokulungiswa kwemfazwe e Bangor, imikhosi yenyukliya Zithunyelwa rhoqo kwiilori ezingaphawulwanga phakathi kweSebe lezaMandla i-Pantex Plant kufutshane ne-Amarillo, eTexas nakwisiseko saseBangor. Ngokungafaniyo noMkhosi wamanzi waseBangor DOE ngenkuthalo ikhuthaza ukulungela okungxamisekileyo.
Izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokumelana
Ngo-1970 nango-1980, amawaka abonakalisiweyo nxamnye nezixhobo zenyukliya kwisiseko seBangor kunye amakhulu babanjwa. Seattle Ubhishophu omkhulu Hunthausen ibhengeze isiseko esingaphantsi kolwandle iB Bangor “IAwitwitz yePuget Sound” Ngo-1982 waqala ukubamba isiqingatha serhafu yakhe yoburhulumente "Ukuqhubeka kokubandakanyeka kwesizwe sethu kugqatso lokuphakama kwezixhobo zenyukliya."
Inqanawa enye yeTrident SSBN e-Bangor iqikelelwa ukuba ithwale malunga ne-90 yemfazwe yenyukliya. Iimfazwe ze-W76 kunye ne-W88 e-Bangor zilingana ngokulandelelana kwi-90 kilotons kunye ne-455 kilotons ze-TNT kumandla otshabalalisayo. Inqanawa enye esasazwe eBangor ilingana neebhombu zenyukliya ezilingana ne-1,200.
Ngomhla we-27 kaMeyi, 2016, UMongameli Obama uthethe eHiroshima kwaye wathi makupheliswe izixhobo zenyukliya. Uye wathi amandla enyukliya "... kufuneka ube nesibindi sokuphepha uloyiko, kwaye ulandele ilizwe ngaphandle kwazo." U-Obama wongeze, "Simele sitshintshe ingqondo yethu malunga nemfazwe ngokwawo." Kwiminyaka engaphambi koko, uMongameli uRonald Reagan wabuza ixabiso lezixhobo zenyukliya: "Imfazwe yenyukliya ayinakuphumelela kwaye akufuneki ilwe. Ixabiso kuphela kumazwe ethu amabini anezixhobo zenyukliya kukuqinisekisa ukuba soze zisetyenziswe. Kodwa ke ngekhe kulunge ukubabulala ngokupheleleyo? ”
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IZiko leZero loMhlaba leNtshukumo engenabundlobongela lasekwa ngonyaka we-1977. Eli ziko likwiihektare ezingama-3.8 ezidibanisa isiseko sangaphantsi kolwandle iTrident eBangor, Washington. IZiko eliPhantsi leZero lokuSebenza ngokuNgenabundlobongela linika ithuba lokuphonononga iingcambu zobundlobongela kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwihlabathi lethu kunye nokufumana amandla aguqulayo othando ngezenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Simelana nazo zonke izixhobo zenyukliya, ngakumbi inkqubo ye-Trident ballistic missile system.
Imicimbi ezayo enxulumene noZero:
* Imisebenzi ngokusebenzisana neminye imibutho yoxolo, njengoko sinakho, kwingingqi yesandi sePuget.
* Umhlaba woXolo lweFleet! e-Elliott Bay, Seattle ngo-Agasti 4.
* Uhambo loXolo lweeNkolo ngeenkolo olukhokelwa yi-Bainbridge Island Nipponzan Myohoji Buddhist Temple (Ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti; imihla ye-TBD)
* Isikhumbuzo sonyaka weZero Hiroshima / Nagasaki ngoAgasti 7 kunye ne-9 kwiziko eliseMhlabeni iZero yeNtshukumo engaSebenzisiyo ngomlindo nangokwenza isenzo sobundlongondlongo ekungeneni kwesiseko sasemanzini saseBangor Trident.
Nceda ujonge iwebhusayithi yethu www.gzcenter.org ukuhlaziywa.
