Kwenzeka ntoni xa iqela lamagqwetha lizimisele ukwahlula abaxabisekileyo ebantwini ukuba bafumane, ngokudlan 'indlebe nabantu abadala, ukuba kungenakwenziwa?
Ngaba isemthethweni ukubulala wonke umntu okanye akukho mntu?
The Iziko labemi kwiNgxabano (CIVIC) upapashe ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba Iimpembelelo zabantu: Ukubandakanywa koMbutho kwiNkquzo-mbambano. Abaphandi, kubandakanywa nabo basuka kwiHarvard Law School, baxoxa nabantu base62 eBosnia, 61 eLibya, 54 eGaza, kunye ne77 yeembaleki zaseSomalia eKenya. Umbhali okhokelayo kule ngxelo ngu-Mhlobo weHarvard Law School ngu-Nicolette Boehland.
Umntu unokubuza ukuba kutheni i-Iraq ne-Afghanistan beshiywe ngaphandle, okanye naliphi na inani lamanye amazwe, kodwa ingxelo ithi abaphandi baya apho babenakho. Kwaye igalelo elibalulekileyo endizimisele ukubheja ngekhe lifumane iziphumo ezahlukileyo ngokujonga kwenye indawo.
Ingxelo ithi: “Imithetho yemfazwe iyakwalela ukujolisa ekuhlaleni.
Kodwa ke, kunjalo ke nemithetho ethintela imfazwe, kubandakanya iKellogg-Briand Pact, i-Charter ye-UN, kunye nemithetho ekhethekileyo yesizwe njengoMgaqo-siseko wase-US kunye nokusonjululwa kwamaGunya eMfazwe- imithetho abathi oonjingalwazi "bemithetho yemfazwe" bayityeshele , njengoko isenza le ngxelo.
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abaninzi abakhe bahlala apho kuliwa khona iimfazwe bathathe inxaxheba ngandlela zonke, kwaye abanakuqonda okucacileyo (hayi oko kwenziwa nangubani na) malunga nokuba bebengabahlali naxa bekusiliwa. Watsho omnye umntu ekwenziwa udliwanondlebe naye, ebalaseliswa njengesiqhelo: “Into endicinga ukuba akukho mgca konke konke. . . . Abahlali banokujika babe ngabalwi nangaliphi na ixesha. Nawuphi na umntu angatshintsha abe ngumlo uye emfazweni, yonke loo nto ngosuku olunye, nangomzuzu omnye. ”
Abantu ekwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo bacacisa gca ukuba uninzi lunyanzelekile ukuba lubandakanye emfazweni, abanye banokhetho oluncinci, kwaye abanye bajoyina izizathu ezingafaniyo nezo zichazwe yi-Pentagon: ukuzikhusela, kodwa ukuthanda ilizwe, ukuvelela, ukusinda, uxanduva lwaseburhulumenteni , ukuma kwentlalo, ukukrakra ekujolisweni kwabakhankanyi abanoxolo, kunye nokufumana imali. Ngelishwa, akukho mntu waba nodliwanondlebe omnye bathi bangenela emfazweni ukuze bathintele abantu baseMelika ukuba baye kuthenga emva kwecawe, kungenjalo baqhubeke nendlela yabo yokuphila okanye inkululeko.
Le ngxelo igxininisa okufunwa ngumthetho ekufumaneni ukuba abanye abantu bayanyanzeliswa kwiindima zokulwa kunye nabancedisi kumajoni, kuba "abahlali abathatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo emfazweni baphulukana nokhuselo lwabo olusemthethweni kuhlaselo oluthe ngqo nokuba ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kunganyanzelekanga," - ngaphandle kokuba kunjalo ukuba sonke sikhuselwe emfazweni kuba-nangona uninzi lwamagqwetha lingahoyi le nto- imfazwe lulwaphulo-mthetho.
"Ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo, umthetho kufuneka ucace kwaye uqikeleleke," i-CIVIC isixelela. Kodwa yonke into ekuthiwa yimithetho yemfazwe ayinakho ukwenziwa icace okanye iqikeleleke. Yintoni "ngokulingana" okanye "ukugwetyelwa" phantsi kwalo mthetho ubizwa ngokuba ngumthetho? Iimpendulo zonke zikwiliso lombonisi. Ngapha koko, kungekudala emva koko ingxelo iyakuvuma oku: "Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezomkhosi kumlo bekungunobangela wengxabano." Kungenxa yokuba ingxelo ichonge ingxaki engunaphakade, hayi isisombululo, kwaye ayongxaki enokukwazi ukusombulula.
Ukwahlula abahlali kumlo awusoze uyeke ukuba ngumcimbi ophikisanayo, kodwa amagqwetha enza ngathi yingxaki ekufanele "kusetyenzwe ngayo," kanye njengoko oonjingalwazi befilosofi "besebenza" kwiingxaki ze-epistemology ngokungathi ngenye imini zinokusonjululwa. Njengomphumo wokuqaqambisa ingxaki esisigxina endaweni yokusombulula enye, emveni kwexesha, ingxelo ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba "ayifuni uhlaziyo lomthetho. . . Kananjalo ayizimiselanga kuphembelela ingxoxo-mpikiswano. ” Ewe, ndiyakucaphukela ukuba krwada, kodwa ithini ingongoma? Okona kungcono, mhlawumbi inqaku kukunyanzela ulwazi malunga nokuphikisana kwangaphakathi phantsi kweempumlo zabakholelwa "kwimithetho yemfazwe," mhlawumbi bengazi nakubabhali bengxelo.
"Ummi" ocatshulwe kule ngxelo wathi, "Ndizibone ngathi ndiyindoda ephethe umpu ezandleni zakhe ukukhusela abantu abamsulwa. Ndicinga ukuba ubuncinci ndinomdla wokwenza oko. ” Uye wawabona amathuba akhe okusinda engaphezulu kakhulu ukuba angazibandakanya nawo. Kodwa ingaba abo bantu "bangabantu abangahlaliyo" bahluke njani kwizenzo okanye inkuthazo kwabo "bangengabo abasemkhosini"?
Omnye uchaze ukuba, “awuzange ubhaliswe njengomvukeli. Ungangena ulwe, uphume uye ekhaya, uhlambe, udle isidlo sakusasa, udlale iPlayStation, emva koko ubuyele ngaphambili. Ungatshintshela kwelinye uye kwelinye ngomzuzwana, ngokwenene. ” Njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Kodwa hayi njengamajoni amaninzi aseMelika ahamba kude nekhaya ukuya kubulala kufutshane namakhaya abanye abantu. Ukuqonda ezo meko zabanye abantu kususa umahluko ophelelwe lixesha phakathi komkhosi kunye nomlo, ozisa ithiyori yomthetho ekunxibelelaneni nenyani. Kodwa ukhetho kukuvumela ukubulawa kwabantu bonke okanye ukuvumela ukubulawa kwento. Yiyo loo nto le ngxelo ingenazindululo! Ingxelo ebhaliweyo kwicandelo lezifundo zemfazwe, intsimi apho umntu angabuzi mfazwe uqobo.
Abantu ababizwa ngokuba ngabahlali baxelele abaphandi ukuba balwile, banikezela ngenkxaso yokuhamba, ukuqhuba iimoto, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango, ukubonelela ngokutya, kunye nokubonelela ngemithombo yeendaba kubandakanya neendaba zosasazo zasekuhlaleni. (Nje ukuba uqaphele ukwaziswa kweendaba njengegalelo emfazweni, uluthintela njani ulwandiso lwelo nqanaba? I-Fox kunye ne-CNN kunye ne-MSNBC bakuthintela njani ukutshutshiswa?) Ulwandle apho iintlanzi ezibiza amajoni zidada khona (ukubeka abantu kunye nabalwi ngokwemigaqo kaMao) banokubulawa ngokwengcinga yemfazwe, into uninzi lwemikhosi ehleliyo iyayiqonda kwaye iyenze. Ukhetho olungafanelekanga ukuba luchazwe luya kuba kukuvumela ulwandle kwaye intlanzi ukuze iphile.
Abantu ekwenziwe udliwanondlebe nabo babengenangcaciso ichanekileyo, engaguquguqukiyo "yomntu" okanye "umlo" - njengabantu abenza udliwanondlebe nabo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, abantu ekwenziwa udliwanondlebe nabo babengabameli abavela "kuluntu olusemthethweni" oluthethelela ukubulawa kwabantu nge-drone emhlabeni wonke. Uluvo lwabantu abaguquka ngapha nangapha phakathi kweendima njengabantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nabalwi babaleka ngokuchasene nengqolowa yokucinga kwe-US apho abenzi bobubi bakhona, njengabaxhaphazi babantwana okanye u-Lord Voldemort okanye amalungu olunye uhlanga, abakhohlakeleyo ngokusisigxina nangokungenakuguqulwa nokuba bayazibandakanya kwizinto ezimbi. I-Nuance kunye nemfazwe ngamaqabane amabi. Idrone iqhushumbisa usapho xa uTata efika ekhaya kunokuba ujolise kuphela ekuqhushumbiseni uTata esenza into engathandekiyo. Kodwa ukuba ithontsi legazi lokulwa likwenza ube ngumlwi ngonaphakade, lixesha elivulekileyo kubemi ngokubanzi beendawo eziphantsi kohlaselo- into ekungekho mfuneko yokuba icaciselwe amaGazans okanye abanye abakhe baphila ngokwenyani yayo.
"Umsebenzi weNkundla yaseBosnia naseHerzegovina wayekholelwa ukuba ezi zigaba azisebenzi ngokulula kubunzima bempikiswano yaseBosnia," kubhala i-CIVIC. "Ukuba ujonga kwiiNdibano zaseGeneva, yonke into ikhangeleka intle, kodwa ukuba uqala ukuyisebenzisa, yonke into iyawa." Abantu ekwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo bathi umahluko ophela ubalulekile yileyo yobuhlanga kunye nenkolo, hayi eyomkhosi neyokulwa.
Ewe kuvakala kumagqwetha "emithetho yemfazwe" njengemeko embi yemfazwe yamandulo efuna impucuko. Kodwa yimfazwe eyinqaba, hayi inqanaba lokucokiswa komthetho. Khawufane ucinge umbono wokuba ukubonelela ngokutya okanye amayeza okanye olunye uncedo kumlo kukwenza ukuba ulwe kufanelekile ukuba ubulawe. Ngaba akufuneki ubonelele ngokutya okanye ezinye iinkonzo kwabanye abantu? Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjalo yinto eyenziwa ngabantu abangafuniyo ukuya empini kunokuba baye entolongweni. Nje ukuba uphathe iidemon ngokunyanga iqela labantu njengabantu, awusasebenzi nomthetho konke konke, kuphela ngemfazwe-emsulwa nelula.
Lifikile ixesha lokuba amagqwetha emfazwe ajoyine uRosa Brooks ekukhupheni ixesha loxolo kunye naloo naliphi na abathathi-nxaxheba ngoxolo, okanye nabachasene nokukhohlakala ekukhupheleni ngexesha lemfazwe kunye nalo naluphi na inxaxheba ekulweni okanye kulungiselelwa imfazwe.
