Ukuyekiswa koMlo kunye neArmistice kwiMfazwe yaseRussia-Ukraine kuyakuthatha ixesha elide kunoko sikufunayo

UTamara Lorenz, uAnn Wright, uKrista Bluesmith

NguColonel (Ret) uAnn Wright, World BEYOND War, UJuni 13, 2023

Uthethathethwano, ukupheliswa kwemilo, ukulwa nezivumelwano zoxolo kudala njengeemfazwe ngokwazo.

Yonke imfazwe iphela ngenye inguqulelo enye yazo.

Iimfazwe ziye zahlolisiswa ngokungenasiphelo, kodwa izifundo eziye zafundwa ngendlela yokuphelisa iimfazwe ngokuqhelekileyo azikhathalelwa ngabo baqhuba iimfazwe zamva nje zehlabathi.

Ukunqanda ukubulawa kwabantu kungquzulwano lwaseRussia-Ukraine, abantu abanezazela kufuneka benze konke esinako ukwenza uthethathethwano lokuphelisa imfazwe lube yinyani-kwaye leyo yayiyinjongo yombutho. INgqungquthela yeZizwe ngezizwe yoXolo eUkraine ebibanjelwe eVienna, eOstriya, ngoJuni 10-11, 2023.  Bangaphezu kwama-300 abantu abavela kumazwe angama-32 ababekho kule nkomfa baza bathabatha inxaxheba inkqubo eyomeleleyo ukuxoxa ngendlela yokudala iimeko zokuphelisa imfazwe kunye nesivumelwano sokuyeka ukubulala. Iiwebhusayithi ze-International Peace Bureau kunye nengqungquthela yoXolo e-Ukraine zaqhekezwa kusuku olulandela inkomfa kodwa kufuneka zisebenze kungekudala.

Imbali ityhila ukuba uthethathethwano lokuCwangcisa uMlilo, iArmistice kunye noXolo luthatha ixesha elide

Ukuba imbali isikhokelo sethu, uthethathethwano loxolo luya kuthatha iiveki, iinyanga, okanye mhlawumbi iminyaka, ukufumana i-Ukraine kunye namahlakani ayo ukuba bavumelane ngesicwangciso sokuxoxisana-kwaye ixesha elide ukuza kwisivumelwano neRussia emva kokuba uthethwano luqale.

Nangona onke amaqela, i-Ukraine, iRashiya, i-US / i-NATO, iya kuvuma uthethathethwano ngomso, kwaye ukuba iingxoxo ziya kuphumelela ekugqibeleni, kunokuba iinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ukubulawa kuphele. Yiyo loo nto uthethathethwano kufuneka luqale NGOKU!

Imbali isinika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kuthethathethwano ngexesha lemfazwe kunye nento esinokuyilindela ukuphelisa ubundlobongela banamhlanje obuyingozi kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Iingxoxo zoXolo kwiPeninsula yaseKorea naseViet Nam

Kwimeko ye-armistice yaseKorea ekugqibeleni isayinwe kwiminyaka eyi-70 eyadlulayo ngoJulayi 27, 1953, iintlanganiso ezingama-575 phakathi kweNorth Korea, i-China, i-US kunye noMzantsi Korea zafuneka kwiminyaka emibini ukusuka kwi-1951 ukuya ku-1953 ukugqibezela amaphepha aphantse abe ngama-40 esivumelwaneni. Ngaloo minyaka mibini, izigidi zamaKorea, i-500,000 yaseTshayina kunye ne-35,000 yase-US kunye namashumi amawaka amajoni omyalelo we-UN abulawa.

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kamva, abameli base-US naseNyakatho yeVietnam badibana eParis ngoMeyi 10, 1968 ukuqala iingxoxo zoxolo, okokuqala othethathethwano abavela kuzo zombini izizwe badibana ubuso ngobuso. Uthethathethwano olusesikweni lwavulwa emva kweentsuku ezintathu, kodwa lwanqumama ngoko nangoko.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kwentlanganiso yowe-1968, ngoJanuwari 27, 1973, “iSivumelwano Sokuphelisa Imfazwe Nokubuyisela Uxolo eVietnam,” eyaziwa ngenye indlela iParis Peace Accords, satyobelwa yiDemocratic Republic of Vietnam, iRiphabliki yaseVietnam, iSivumelwano Sokwexeshana. URhulumente weNguqulo (Viet Cong), kunye ne-United States.

I-Paris Peace Accords yaphelisa ngokusemthethweni ukubandakanyeka kwe-US kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam, nangona uninzi lwemikhosi yase-US yayingazukuhamba de kwango-Agasti 1973 kwaye umlo phakathi koMntla noMzantsi Vietnam waqhubeka kwada kwangama-30 ka-Epreli ngo-1975, xa iitanki zomkhosi wase-Vietnamese (NVA) zaqengqeleka. isango leNdlu kaMongameli eSaigon, eMzantsi Vietnam ephelisa imfazwe. Izigidi zabantu baseVietnam kunye namashumi amawaka omkhosi wase-US babulawa ngexesha leminyaka yothethwano.

Siyazi kakhulu malunga nokukhokelela kwiingxoxo zokuphelisa imfazwe yase-US e-Viet Nam.

Kwi intetho kamabonakude kuzwelonke ngoMatshi 31,1968 uMongameli Johnson wabhengeza ukuba "wayethatha inyathelo lokuqala lokunciphisa ungquzulwano" ngokumisa ibhombu yaseNyakatho yeVietnam (ngaphandle kwemimandla ekufutshane neDMZ) kwaye iUnited States yayikulungele ukuthumela abameli kulo naliphi na iqonga ukuze kupheliswe uthethathethwano. imfazwe.

UJohnson ulandele esi sibhengezo ngeendaba ezothusayo zokuba ebengazimiselanga kuphinda anyulwe ngaloo nyaka.

Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva uHanoi wabhengeza ukuba ukulungele ukuthetha nabantu baseMelika. Iingxoxo zaqala eParis ngoMeyi 13 kodwa azizange zikhokelele ndawo. U-Hanoi unyanzelise ukuba, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uthethwano olunzima, i-United States kuya kufuneka iyeke ukuqhushumba kwayo yonke iVietnam.

Noko ke, umlo oqatha waqhubeka. Umyalelo ophakamileyo waseNorth Vietnam walandela uhlaselo lweTet ngamaza amabini angakumbi ngoMeyi nangoAgasti 1968. Kwangaxeshanye, uNjengele Westmoreland wase-US wayalela abalawuli bakhe ukuba “bagcine uxinzelelo oluphezulu” kwimikhosi yamakomanisi eMzantsi, awayekholelwa ukuba yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo. benziwe buthathaka yilahleko yabo eTet. Umphumo waba ngowona mlo uqatha wemfazwe.

Kwiiveki ezisibhozo ezilandela intetho kaJohnson, abantu baseMelika abangama-3,700 babulawa eVietnam kwaye abangama-18,000 benzakala. Ikomkhulu laseWestmoreland, elalidume kakubi ngokubalwa kwemizimba eyonyusiweyo, libike ukuba abantu abangama-43,000 baseNorth Vietnam kunye neViet Cong babulawa. Ilahleko yomkhosi waseMzantsi Vietnam (ARVN) ayizange irekhodwe, kodwa yayiqheleke kabini leyo yemikhosi yase-US.

Emva kokuphumelela unyulo lwe-1968, uMongameli uNixon, kunye noMcebisi wakhe weSizwe kwezoKhuseleko uHenry Kissinger, bagqiba ekubeni balandele i-Tet ekhubekisayo ngephulo "loxinzelelo oluphezulu" ngokunyuka kwebhombu yase-US yaseNorth Viet Nam kunye neCambodia eyaphela ngamanani amakhulu okufa kweNorth Vietnamese. , iSouth Vietnamese kunye neCambodia, kunye nomkhosi wase-US.

"Uxinzelelo oluphezulu" sele iyinxalenye yendlela yase-US / NATO eya eRashiya kunye nolawulo olubanzi lwezohlwayo kunye nokubonelela ngenani elikhulu lezixhobo e-Ukraine.

48 Ukupheliswa kwemilo phakathi ko-1946 no-1997

Sinokujonga eminye imizekelo emininzi yendlela uthethwano oluye lwaphelisa ngayo ukubulalana kwezinye iingxabano.

Ukusebenzisa idatha evela kwiingxabano ze-48 phakathi kwe-1946 kunye ne-1997, isazi sezopolitiko Iphepha laseVirginia iFortna ibonise ukuba izivumelwano ezomeleleyo ezilungiselela iindawo ezinganyangekisiweyo, iziqinisekiso zeqela lesithathu, ugcino-xolo, okanye iikhomishini ezidibeneyo zokusombulula ingxabano kwaye ziqulathe ulwimi oluthile (ngokuchasene nokungacacanga) oluveliswe imililo ehlala ihleli ebonelela ngeemeko zengxoxo malunga nemfazwe okanye isivumelwano.

Ukufumana indlela yokwenza ukupheliswa komlilo kusebenze kuya kuba ngumsebenzi ophambili. Ngaphandle kwerekhodi yayo engaphantsi kwe-stellar track, i-US njenge-co-belligerant kufuneka isebenze kunye norhulumente wase-Ukraine ukufumana amanyathelo asebenzayo okuphelisa umlilo.

Umongameli wase-Ukraine uZelensky sele echaze naluphi na uthethwano olutsha njenge "Minsk 3," ngokubhekiselele kwizivumelwano ezimbini zokuyeka umlilo eziye zahlanganiswa neRashiya kwi-capital yaseBelarusian kwi-2014 kunye ne-2015, emva kokufakwa kwayo eCrimea kunye nokulwa kwingingqi yaseDonbass. Izivumelwano zeMinsk 1 kunye ne-2 zibandakanya akukho ndlela zisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwamaqela kwaye zasilela ukuphelisa ubundlobongela. I-Minsk 1 kunye ne-2 kamva yamkelwa yi-NATO kunye ne-European Union njengeqhinga "lokuthenga ixesha" lokwakhiwa kweNtshona ye-Ukraine imikhosi kunye nezixhobo.

Izifundo zeemfazwe kunye neZifundo eziFundiweyo AKUJONGWANGA ngabo baQhuba iiMfazwe

Ukuhlala kwi-Army Reserves yase-US iminyaka eyi-29 kwaye ndisebenza njengonozakuzaku wase-US iminyaka eyi-16, ndinobungqina kwiziphumo zezifundo ezingapheliyo zeziphumo zemfazwe, umzekelo iSebe leSifundo sase-Iraq sonyaka wonke. , ukungahoywa ngabezobupolitika baseUnited States nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezifundo ezifundiweyo ngendlela yokuphelisa ungquzulwano olubulalayo olungahoywanga ngomkhosi waseUnited States neengcali zokhuseleko lwelizwe.

Isikhokelo sokwenziwa nokungenziwayo kwiZivumelwano zokuQala uMlilo

Ndiyakrokrela ukuba bambalwa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo base-Ukraine, eRashiya, e-US kunye ne-NATO bayazi ngeZizwe eziManyeneyo '.  Isikhokelo sephepha eli-18 leeNto nezingaNikwa kwiZiVumelwano zokuQalisa uMlilo, ngokusekelwe kumava abo kwiingxabano.

Ke ngoko, kwirekhodi, ndifuna ukukhankanya iingongoma eziphambili “KwiZivumelwano zokuQalisa uMlilo neziNgamele zenziwe,” ngoko kungabikho mntu unokuthi, “Besingazi” umsebenzi onjalo sele wenziwe kwaye nemigibe yokuphelisa imfazwe. izivumelwano zichongwe kakuhle.

Into nganye kwezi zilandelayo inecandelo elipheleleyo elibhalwe ngayo kwisikhokelo esinamaphepha ali-18.

ICANDELO A Ngubani, Nini kwaye Phi

1. Akukho ndawo 'yokuyila' yokungacaci kakuhle;
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5. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zesivumelwano kuwo onke amalungu ayo yonke imikhosi exhobileyo.

ICANDELO B Ukubeka iliso kunye noNyanzeliso

6. Izibonelelo zokubeka iliso;
7. Ukuqinisekisa;
8. Indlela yezikhalazo;
9. Unyanzeliso;
10. Ukubonelela ngesisombululo sezopolitiko kwiingxabano ngamaqela.

ICANDELO C Umbutho kunye nokuziphatha komkhosi oxhobileyo

11. IMisebenzi yoMkhosi kunye neGunya;
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ICANDELO D Imicimbi yobuntu

19. Ukudilizwa kunye noKhuseleko loLuntu ngokubanzi;
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ICANDELO E Ukuphunyezwa

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29. Izivumelwano zeSibambiso/uMthetho
30. uKhuseleko loLuntu
31. Ukuthenga ngamaGunya oMmandla

Yintoni Enye Enokwenziwa? I-US yonyula i-Conflict Diplomacy uMthunywa oKhethekileyo kaMongameli

Ukubonisa indlela acinga ngayo urhulumente wase-US, ngelixa yonke into entsha yomkhosi wase-US, iQela loNcedo lwezoKhuseleko-Ukraine, elikhokelwa liqela leenkwenkwezi ezintathu elinabasebenzi abangama-300, limiselwe ngurhulumente wase-US, okwangoku, akukho nelinye igosa kurhulumente wase-US umsebenzi walo wexesha elizeleyo kukungquzulwano lwediplomacy ukuphelisa ukubulawa kwimfazwe yaseRussia-Ukraine.

Ukuba i-US iba nzulu malunga nokulahleka kobomi eUkraine, ebonakala ngathi ingeyiyo ngoku, uMongameli uBiden kufuneka atyumbe umthunywa okhethekileyo kamongameli onokuthi aqalise iingxoxo ezingekho sesikweni kunye ne-Ukraine kunye naphakathi kwamaqabane ayo kwi-G-7 kunye ne-NATO malunga nokuphela komdlalo. yothethathethwano.

Ukongeza, iUnited States kufuneka iseke ijelo eliqhelekileyo lonxibelelwano malunga nemfazwe ebandakanya iUkraine, amahlakani ase-US, kunye neRussia ukuvumela abathabathi-nxaxheba ukuba banxibelelane ngokuqhubekayo, endaweni yokuhlangana okukodwa.

Oku kuya kufana nemodeli yeqela loqhagamshelwano eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha leemfazwe zeBalkan, xa iqela elingekho sikweni labameli abavela kumazwe aphambili kunye namaziko ezizwe ngezizwe adibana rhoqo nangasese.

Ngaba Onke Amaqela okupheliswa koMlilo, iArmistice, isiVumelwano soXolo aya Konwatyiswa? HAYI yiMpendulo!

Kufuneka sivume ukuba nangona uthetha-thethwano luvelise ukupheliswa komlilo kwaye isivumelwano sohlobo oluthile, nokuba i-Ukraine, iRashiya, i-US / NATO iya kwaneliseka ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphandle kwembali yamva nje e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, uninzi lwezopolitiko, ngakumbi e-US kwaye ngoku e-Ukraine naseRussia, bafuna uloyiso olupheleleyo, hayi iimfazwe ezinde ngaphandle kwesisombululo esicacileyo.

Kodwa ukuba sijonge kwi-armistice yaseKorea, eyayingajongwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US ngexesha yayisayinwa, kwiminyaka ephantse ibe yi-70 emva koko, i-armistice ibambe kwaye akuzange kubekho enye imfazwe kwi-peninsula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguqula i-armistice kwisivumelwano soxolo kuye kwaba linyathelo elinye ukuya kude e-US ngelixa ama-North Korea aqhubeka nokucela isibhengezo soxolo esivela e-US / South Korea ngaphambi kokuba balahle iinkqubo zabo zenyukliya kunye ne-missile.

Kwimeko yemfazwe yase-US e-Viet Nam, kwiminyaka engama-60 kamva, emva kwesivumelwano soxolo sango-1973, ilizwe ngoku libe liqabane lezorhwebo le-US kunye neNtshona.

Indlela oluya kusebenza ngayo uthethathethwano lokuphelisa imfazwe luqikelelo lwakhe nabani na.

Kodwa ukupheliswa komlilo okulandelwa yi-armistice kuya kunika i-Ukraine ithuba lokuphelisa ukutshatyalaliswa kweziseko zayo ezingaphezulu, ukuqala ukubuyela kwimeko yezoqoqosho, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphelisa ukufa kwabantu abaninzi baseUkraine kunye nokubuyela kwezigidi zabantu baseUkraine kumakhaya abo.

I-armistice iya kunika i-Russian Federation ithuba lokuphuma kwezinye zezohlwayo ezibekwe yiNtshona, ukusebenza ngaphakathi kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwimiba efanayo kunye nokuphelisa ukuhlanganisana emkhosini kunye nokufa kwamaRashiya amaninzi.

Kwihlabathi liphela, i-armistice yaseRussia-yaseUkraine iya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungquzulana ngokuthe ngqo komkhosi kunye ne-US / NATO enokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kunye neziphumo zayo ezimbi zehlabathi kuthi sonke kulo mhlaba.

Iphulo lokuValwa kweHlabathi kwiiDrones ezineZixhobo

KwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoXolo eUkraine, “iPhulo lokuValwa kweHlabathi kwiiDrones ezineZixhobo” laqaliswa. Eli phulo libonisa uluvo lwabaninzi ehlabathini lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwale nkqubo yezixhobo kufanele kupheliswe ngawo onke amazwe.

Siyazi ukuba ngumlo onyukayo ukubiza ukuphela kweentlobo zezixhobo zomkhosi kwaye nokuba kukho izivumelwano ezenziwe yiZizwe eziManyeneyo, ezinje ngeembumbulu zeqela, imigodi yomhlaba kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya, amazwe athile, akhokelwa yi-United States, akayi kuthobela izivumelwano. Kodwa, njengabantu abanezazela, simele siqhubeke sisenza oko izazela zethu zisixelela ukuba ziphosakele.

Abantu abanezazela kufuneka basebenzele uXolo kunye noSombululo olungenabuNdlobongela kwiMiba yeHlabathi

Ngokunjalo, kubantu abanezazela kweli hlabathi, kufuneka siqhubeke sisebenzela uxolo kunye nesisombululo esingenabundlobongela kwimiba yamazwe ngamazwe nangona abezopolitiko bethu bebonakala benxanelwe ukuqhubeka kobundlobongela egameni loxolo.

Malunga noMbhali: U-Ann Wright uthathe umhlala-phantsi njengeColonel emva kweminyaka eyi-29 kwi-US Army / Army Reserves. Wayekwangunozakuzaku wase-US kwaye wayesebenza kooNozakuzaku base-US eNicaragua, eGrenada, eSomalia, eUzbekistan, eKyrgyzstan, eSierra Leone, eMicronesia, eAfghanistan naseMongolia. Warhoxa kurhulumente wase-US ngoMatshi ka-2003 ngokuchasene nemfazwe yase-US e-Iraq. Ungumbhali-mbhali we "Disent: Voices of Conscience." Wayesisithethi kwiseshini yesigqeba malunga “noKuyeka imilo kunye noThethathethwano” kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoXolo eUkraine eyayibanjelwe eVienna, eOstriya ngoJuni 10-11, 2023.