Ukunyuka kweeNyukliya eziKhuselekileyo-kwenziwa kwi-USA

NguJohn LaForge

I-United States isenokuba sesona sixhobo siphambili sokwandisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwihlabathi namhlanje, ngokuphandle sityhola izibonelelo ezibophelelayo zeSivumelwano sokungaPhambisi kweZikhali zeNyukliya (NPT). Inqaku lokuqala lesi sivumelwano liyabalela abantu abasayinileyo ukuba bagqithisele izixhobo zenyukliya kwamanye amazwe, kwaye iSiqendu sesi-II siyabalela abasayinileyo ukuba bafumane izixhobo zenyukliya kwamanye amazwe.

Njengoko iNkomfa yokuHlola ye-UN ye-NPT yayigqibezela iingxoxo zayo zenyanga yonke eNew York kwiveki ephelileyo, igqiza lase-US liphambukise ingqalelo kulwaphulo-mthetho lwalo lisebenzisa izilumkiso ezibomvu ze-herring malunga ne-Iran kunye neNorth Korea-yangaphambili ingenaso nesixhobo senyukliya esinye. kunye ne-8-to-10 (ngokwezo zixhobo ezithembekileyo ze-CIA) kodwa kungekho ndlela yokuzihambisa.

Izithintelo kunye nezibophelelo ze-NPT zaphinda zaqinisekiswa kwaye zacaciswa lelona qumrhu lezomthetho liphezulu kwihlabathi kwiNgcebiso yalo kaJulayi 1996 yeeNgcebiso ngobume bomthetho bezoyikiso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya. INkundla yezoBulungisa yeZizwe ngezizwe yathi kwesi sigqibo sidumileyo ukuba izithembiso ezibophelelayo ze-NPT zokungadluliseli okanye ukufumana izixhobo zenyukliya azifanelekanga, azinakuphikiswa, azinakuphikiswa kwaye azichanekanga. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ukwaphulwa kwe-US kulula ukukubonisa.

Imijukujelwa yeNyukliya “Iqeshiselwe” kuMkhosi waManzi waseBritane

I-US "iqeshisa" imijukujelwa yaseMelika ephakathi kwe-ballistic (SLBMs) ​​ukuya eBritane ukuze isetyenziswe kwiinkwili zayo ezinkulu ze-Trident. Senze oku amashumi amabini eminyaka. I Abasebenzi baseBritani bawela iAtlantiki ukuya kuchola imijukujelwa eyenziwe e-US kwisiseko saseKing Bay Naval eGeorgia.

Ukunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukwanda kwe-US kubandakanya kuphela ezona zixhobo zoyikekayo zenyukliya, injineli ephezulu yabasebenzi e-Lockheed Martin eCarlifonia okwangoku inoxanduva lokucwangcisa, ukulungelelanisa nokwenza uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwe "UK Trident Mk4A [intloko yemfazwe] Reentry Systems njengenxalenye. ye-UK Trident Weapons System 'inkqubo yoLwandiso loBomi.'” Oku, ngokutsho kukaJohn Ainslie weScottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, ejonga ngokusondeleyo iBritish Tridents - zonke ezinze eSkotlani, nto leyo ebadanisa kakhulu abemi baseSkotlani.

Nditsho nee-warheads ze-W76 ezixhobisa imijukujelwa e-US eqeshiselwe eNgilani zineendawo ezenziwe e-United States. Iimfazwe zisebenzisa i-Gas Transfer System (GTS) egcina i-tritium - ifom ye-radioactive ye-hydrogen ebeka "H" kwi-H-bhomu - kwaye i-GTS ifake i-tritium kwi-warhead ye-plutonium okanye "umngxuma." Zonke izixhobo ze-GTS ezisetyenziswa kwii-warheads ze-Trident zaseBritane zenziwe e-United States. Ziye zithengiswe kwiiRoyals okanye zinikezelwe ngokutshintshiselana ngento engachazwanga quid pro quo.

UDavid Webb, uSihlalo wangoku wePhulo laseBrithani leNyukliya yeNyukliya ingxelo ngexesha leNkomfa yokuHlola iNPT, kwaye kamva waqinisekisa nge-imeyile kwi-Nukewatch, ukuba iLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseSandia eNew Mexico yamemezela, ngo-Matshi 2011, ukuba iqhube "eyokuqala." Uvavanyo lwe-W76 yase-United Kingdom” kuVavanyo lweZikhali kunye neLebhu yoVavanyo (WETL) eNew Mexico, nokuba oku “kubonelele ngedatha yesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwe-W76-1 yase-UK.” I-W76 yi-100 kiloton H-bhombu eyenzelwe into ebizwa ngokuba yi-D-4 kunye ne-D-5 Trident imijukujelwa. Enye yee-centrifuges kwi-WETL kaSandia ilinganisa i-ballistic trajectory ye-W76 "reentry-vehicle" okanye i-warhead. Le ntsebenziswano inzulu kunye nentsonkothileyo phakathi kwe-US kunye ne-UK inokubizwa ngokuba yi-Proliferation Plus.

Uninzi lweemfazwe zeRoyal Navy's Trident zenziwa kwindawo yaseNgilani i-Aldermaston yezixhobo zenyukliya, ivumela iWashington neLondon ukuba zibange ukuba ziyayithobela i-NPT.

Iibhombu ze-H zase-US zifakwe kumazwe amahlanu e-NATO

Ukwaphulwa okucacileyo ngakumbi kwe-NPT kukuthunyelwa kwe-US phakathi kwe-184 kunye ne-200 yeebhombu ze-thermonuclear gravity, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-B61, kumazwe amahlanu aseYurophu-iBelgium, i-Netherlands, i-Italiya, iTurkey kunye neJamani. "Izivumelwano zokwabelana ngeNyukliya" kunye naba balingane abalinganayo kwi-NPT - bonke abavakalisa ukuba "bangamazwe angeyiyo inyukliya" - baphikisa ngokuphandle zombini iSiqendu I kunye neSiqendu II somnqophiso.

I-US kuphela kwelizwe emhlabeni elithumela izixhobo zenyukliya kwamanye amazwe, kwaye kwimeko yamaqabane amahlanu okwabelana ngenyukliya, US Air Force nkqu oololiwe Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baseTaliyane, baseJamani, baseBelgium, baseTurkey nabaseDatshi ekusebenziseni iiB61s kwiinqwelomoya zabo zemfazwe - ukuba uMongameli ukhe wayiyalela into enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente wase-US uhlala efundisa amanye amazwe malunga nokwaphulwa kwemithetho yezizwe ngezizwe, ukutyhala imida kunye nezenzo zokuphelisa uzinzo.

Ngentaphane eninzi, iyamangalisa into yokuba oonozakuzaku be-UN bachubekile kakhulu ukuba bangajongana nokuchaswa kwe-NPT ne-US, nokuba ukongezwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwayo kusetafileni. Njengoko uHenry Thoreau wathi, "Eyona mpazamo ibanzi kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu ifuna eyona nto ingenamdla ukuyigcina."

-UJohn LaForge usebenzela iNukewatch, iqela elibukela inyukliya eWisconsin, ihlela incwadana yekota, kwaye idityanisiwe PeaceVoice.