NguColonel (oMhlala-phantsi) uAnn Wright, iVoice Peace
Kumlindelo wangomhla wama-20 kuNovemba ka-2016 ngaphandle kwamasango eFort Leavenworth, eKansas, izithethi zibethelele imfuneko yoxinzelelo kwiiveki ezintandathu ezizayo kuMongameli Obama, phambi kokuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe. January 19, 2017 ukuvuma ububele boMkhosi wase-US owabalula impempe kwiKlasi yokuQala yase-Chelsea Manning. Amagqwetha kaManning afake iSikhalazo sokuClemezwa ngomhla we-10 kuNovemba ka-2016.
U-Chelsea Manning usentolongweni iminyaka emithandathu kunye nesiqingatha, emithathu evalelwe ngaphambi kokuxoxwa kwetyala kwaye emithathu ukususela ekugwetyweni kwakhe ngo-2013 yinkundla yokulwa nokusabalalisa amaphepha e-750,000 amaxwebhu kunye namavidiyo kwi-Wikileaks kwinto echazwe njengeyona inkulu. ukuvuza kwezinto ezihleliweyo kwimbali yase-US. UManning wafunyaniswa enetyala kwizityholo ezingama-20 kwezingama-22 awayetyatyekwa zona, kuquka nokwaphula uMthetho Wobuntlola baseUnited States.
UManning wagwetywa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu entolongweni.
Izithethi kumsitho owawuphambi kweFort Leavenworth ziquka uChase Strangio, igqwetha nomhlobo weChelsea; UChristine Gibbs, umseki weTransgender Institute kwisiXeko saseKansas; UGqr. Yolanda Huet-Vaughn, owayesakuba ngugqirha woMkhosi waseUnited States owala ukuya kwiMfazwe yeGulf I nowagwetyelwa inkundla yamajoni waza wagwetywa iinyanga ezingama-30 entolongweni, apho wachitha iinyanga ezisi-8 eLeavenworth; UBrian Terrell owachitha iinyanga ezintandathu kwintolongo yomdibaniso ngenxa yokucela umngeni kwinkqubo yokubulawa kwabantu e-US eWhiteman Air Force Base;
Peaceworks Kansas City itshantliziyo loxolo kunye negqwetha uHenry Stoever; kunye no-Ann Wright, i-US Army Colonel (iminyaka engama-29 kwi-Army and Army Reserve) kunye nonozakuzaku wangaphambili wase-US owarhoxa kwi-2003 ngokuchasene nemfazwe kaBush yase-Iraq.
Umlindo wabizwa emva kokuzama ukuzibulala kwesibini kwe-Chelsea ngaphakathi kwintolongo yasemkhosini yaseLeavenworth. Ebudeni beminyaka emithandathu enesiqingatha evalelwe entolongweni, uManning uchithe phantse unyaka evalelwe yedwa. Uphando lweZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokuhlukaniswa kwakhe kwisiseko seQuantico Marine, olubandakanya ukunyanzelwa ukuba akhulule ahambe ze qho ebusuku, uchaze imeko yakhe "njengekhohlakele, ayinabuntu kwaye ithoba isidima."
Ngo-2015, uManning wagrogriswa ngokuvalelwa yedwa kwakhona emva kokuba ebekwe ityala lokwaphula umthetho kuquka nokugcina ityhubhu yentlama yamazinyo ephelelwe lixesha kwisisele sakhe kunye nekopi ye into evanithi ngokuthambile. Bangaphezu kwe-100,000 abantu abatyikitye uxwebhu lwezikhalazo malunga nezo zityholo. UManning wafunyaniswa enetyala kodwa akazange abekwe yedwa; endaweni yoko, wajongana neeveki ezintathu zokuthintelwa ukufikelela kwindawo yokuzivocavoca, kwithala leencwadi, nangaphandle.
Ezinye izityholo ezibini zibandakanya "impahla engavumelekanga" kunye "nokuziphatha okusongelayo." UManning ugunyaziswe ukuba abe nepropathi ekuthethwa ngayo, igqwetha lakhe uStrangio lathi, kodwa kutyholwa ukuba uyisebenzise ngendlela engavumelekanga ngelixa ezama ukumbulala. Akukacaci ukuba amanye amabanjwa eFort Leavenworth angajongana nezityholo zolawulo ezifanayo na emva kokuzama ukuzibulala, okanye ukuba "imo yezityholo, kunye nobundlongondlongo anokuthi abanjwe ngabo, bubodwa kuye," utshilo uStrangio.
NgoJulayi 28, uMkhosi umemezele yayicinga ngokufaka izityholo ezintathu zolawulo ngokunxulumene nenzame zokuzibulala, phakathi kwazo isityholo sokuba uManning wayechasile "iqela leqela lentshukumo yeeseli" ngexesha okanye emva kokuzama kwakhe ukuzibulala, ngokutsho iphepha elisemthethweni lentlawulo. Kodwa amagqwetha kaManning athi umxhasi wabo wayengenakuxhathisa kuba wayengekho zingqondweni xa amagosa amfumana kwisisele sakhe esiseFort Leavenworth eKansas. Amagqwetha akhe kunye noMkhosi akakayichazi indlela azame ukuzibulala ngayo.
Emva kokubanjwa kwakhe ngo-2010, umpempe owayesaziwa ngokuba nguBradley Manning wafunyaniswa enesifo ngesini se dysphoria, imeko yonxunguphalo olugqithisileyo olubangelwa kukuba isini somntu singahambelani nesini sakhe sebhayoloji. Ngo-2015, wamangalela uMkhosi ukuba uvunyelwe ukuba uqale unyango lwehomoni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwamagqwetha akhe, uMkhosi awukawathathi amanye amanyathelo okumphatha njengebanjwa elibhinqileyo. "Uchonge ukuwohloka kwakhe okuqhubekayo kwimeko yempilo yakhe yengqondo njengoko kubangelwa ngakumbi kukwala ngokufanelekileyo ukuphatha i-dysphoria yesini njengesidingo esiqhubekayo," utshilo igqwetha lakhe uChase Strangio.
Igqwetha likaManning lifake iSikhalazo sokuCelwa https://www.chelseamanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Chelsea-Manning-Commutation-Application.pdf
ngoNovemba 10, 2016. Isicelo sakhe sephepha ezintathu sicela ukuba uMongameli Obama avume inceba ukunika i-Chelsea ithuba lokuqala lokuphila "ubomi bokwenene, obunenjongo." Isibongozo sichaza ukuba i-Chelsea ayizange yenze izizathu zokubhengeza izinto ezikhethiweyo kumajelo eendaba kwaye wamkela uxanduva ekuxoxweni ngokuvuma ityala ngaphandle kwenzuzo yesivumelwano sokuncenga apho amagqwetha akhe athi isenzo esingaqhelekanga sesibindi kwimeko efana neyakhe.
Uxwebhu lwezikhalazo luphawula ukuba ijaji yasemkhosini yayingenandlela yokwazi ukuba yintoni na enesohlwayo esifanelekileyo nesifanelekileyo njengoko kwakungekho ngaphambili ngaphambili kweli tyala. Ukongezelela, esi sicelo sithi ijaji yasemkhosini “ayizange iyixabisile imeko uNksz. UNksz Manning utshintshe isini. Xa wayengena emkhosini waye, njengomntu oselula, ezama ukuqonda iimvakalelo zakhe nendawo yakhe ehlabathini,” kwaye uninzi lwamajoni awayekunye noNksz. "Ngelixa inkcubeko yasemkhosini iphucukile ukusukela ngoko, ezi ziganeko zibe nefuthe elibi kuye ngokwasengqondweni nasemphefumlweni okwakhokelela kubhengezo."
Ingxelo yesikhalazo yokuba ukususela ekubanjweni kuka-Chelsea uye waphantsi kweemeko ezibuhlungu ngelixa evalelwe emkhosini, kuquka ukuvalelwa yedwa iminyaka ngelixa elindele ukuxoxwa kwetyala, kwaye ukususela ekugwetyweni kwakhe, uvalelwe yedwa ngenxa yokuzama ukuzibulala. IZizwe eziManyeneyo ziye zaqalisa ukulwa nokusetyenziswa kokuvalelwa wedwa. Kunjengokuba owayesakuba ngunobhala okhethekileyo weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngentuthumbo, uJuan Mendez, wacacisayo, “[ukuvalelwa wedwa] yayiluqheliselo olwavalwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngenxa yokuba lwalukhohlakele, kodwa lwaphinda lwabuya kula mashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo.”
Isicelo soxwebhu lwezikhalazo sokuba “Obu Lawulo kufuneka buthathele ingqalelo iimeko zentolongo kaNkszn. Iinkokeli zethu zomkhosi zihlala zisithi owona msebenzi wazo ubalulekileyo kukukhathalela amalungu enkonzo yazo, kodwa akukho namnye emkhosini owakhe wakhathalela ngokwenene uNksz. Manning… Nksk. Isicelo sikaManning sifanelekile – ucela nje ukuba anikwe isigwebo sexesha – isiphumo saso siya kumkhupha kwiitshathi ngenxa yetyala elilolu hlobo. Uza kushiyeka nazo zonke ezinye iziphumo zesigwebo, kubandakanya nokukhutshwa ngokohlwaya, ukuthotywa kwenqanaba, kunye nokuphulukana nezibonelelo zamagqala.”
Uxwebhu lwezikhalazo luqhubeka lusithi, “Urhulumente uchithe imali eninzi ekutshutshisweni kukaNkszn. kunye nonyango lwe-dysphoria yesini. Uchithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithandathu evalelwe ngenxa yetyala elinokuthi kuyo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yenkundla ephucukileyo ebeya kukhokelela ekubeni avalelwe iminyaka embalwa entolongweni.”
Okuqukiweyo kuxwebhu lwezikhalazo yingxelo enamaphepha asixhenxe evela e-Chelsea eya kwibhodi echaza ukuba kutheni ebhengeze ulwazi olucalulweyo kunye ne-dysphoria yesini sakhe. U-Chelsea ubhale wathi: “Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo ndacela uxolelo olunxulumene nesigwebo sam sokubhengeza ulwazi oluyimfihlo kunye nolunye ulwazi olubucayi kumajelo eendaba ngenxa yokuxhalabela ilizwe lam, abantu abamsulwa abaphulukene nobomi babo ngenxa yemfazwe, kunye nokuxhasa ezimbini. Iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ilizwe lethu elizithatha njengezona zibalulekileyo - elubala kunye nokuphendula kuluntu. Xa ndicinga ngesi sibongozo sangaphambili ndinoloyiko lokuba isicelo sam asiqondwa kakuhle.
Njengoko ndacacisela ijaji yasemkhosini eyayichophele ityala lam, nanjengokuba ndenzileyo
Ndiphindaphindeka kwiingxelo zoluntu ezininzi ukusukela oko kwenzeke olu lwaphulo-mthetho, ndithatha uxanduva olupheleleyo nolupheleleyo ngesigqibo sam sokubhengeza ezi mathiriyeli eluntwini. Andizange ndizithethelele ngale nto ndiyenzileyo. Ndalivuma ityala ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwesivumelwano sokungxengxeza kuba ndandikholelwa ukuba inkqubo yobulungisa yasemkhosini yayiza kuyiqonda intshukumisa yam yokuchaza oko kwaye indigwebe ngokufanelekileyo. Bendingalunganga.
Ijaji yasemkhosini yandigwebela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu ndisentolongweni- ngaphezu kokuba ndandicinga ukuba kunokwenzeka, njengoko kwakungekho mzekelo wembali wesigwebo esiqatha ngolo hlobo phantsi kwezibakala ezifanayo. Abaxhasi bam kunye nabacebisi bezomthetho bandikhuthaze ukuba ndifake uxwebhu lwesicelo sovelwano kuba bekholelwa ukuba isigwebo ngokwaso sidityaniswa nesigwebo esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili sasingekho ngqiqweni, sasicaphukisa kwaye sasingahambisani nento endiyenzileyo. Ndothukile ndacela uxolo.
Ukuhlala apha namhlanje ndiyaqonda ukuba kutheni uxwebhu lwezikhalazo lungenziwanga. Kwakungekudala, kwaye isiqabu esasiceliwe sasininzi kakhulu. Ngendilindile. Ndandidinga ixesha lokufunxa ukholo lwam, kwaye ndicinge ngezenzo zam. Ndandifuna nexesha lokukhula ndiqole njengomntu.
Ndivalelwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithandathu – ixesha elide kunaye nawuphi na umntu otyholwa
ulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nolwakhe lwabakho. Ndichithe iiyure ezininzi ndityelela kwakhona ezo ziganeko, ndizenza ngathi andizixelanga ezo mathiriyeli ngoko ke ndikhululekile. Oku kungenxa yempatho-mbi endiye ndaphantsi kwayo ngoxa ndivalelwe.
Umkhosi wandivalela ndedwa phantse unyaka ngaphambi kokuba ndimangalelwe ngokusemthethweni. Yayingamava athob’ isidima nathob’ isidima – lawo aye atshintsha ingqondo, umzimba nomoya wam. Ukususela ngoko ndiye ndavalelwa ndedwa njengenyathelo loluleko kwinzame zokuzama ukuzibulala ngaphandle komzamo okhulayo owenziwe nguMongameli wase-United States- ukuyekisa ukusetyenziswa kokuvalelwa ndedwa nangayiphi na injongo.
La mava andaphule kwaye andenza ndaziva ndingaphantsi komntu.
Kudala ndisilwela ukuba ndiphathwe ngembeko nangesidima; idabi endiloyikayo ukuba lilahlekile. Andiqondi ukuba kutheni. Olu lawulo lwenze inguqu yomkhosi ngokubuyisela umva “Ungabuzi Ungaxeleli” kunye nokubandakanywa kwamadoda nabafazi abatshintshe isini kwimikhosi exhobileyo. Ndiyazibuza ukuba ngendiyintoni ukuba le migaqo-nkqubo iphunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba ndijoyine uMkhosi. Ngendingenele? Ngaba ndiza kube ndisebenza emsebenzini osebenzayo? Andinakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo.
Kodwa into endiyaziyo kukuba ndingumntu owahluke lee kunalowo ndandinguye ngo-2010. AndingoBradley Manning. Andizange ndibenjalo. Ndingu-Chelsea Manning, inkosikazi enebhongo e-transgender kwaye, ngesi sicelo, ucela ngentlonipho ithuba lokuqala ebomini. Ndinqwenela ukuba bendomelele kwaye ndikhule ngokwaneleyo ukuze ndiyiqonde le nto ngelo xesha.”
Kwakhona kuqukwe iileta ezivela kuColonel Morris Davis, owayesakuba nguMtshutshisi oyiNtloko kwiiKomishoni zoMkhosi eGuantanamo ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2007 waza warhoxa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokuthuthumbisa. Wayekwayintloko yeBhodi ye-US Air Force Clemency kunye neNkqubo yeParole.
Kwileta yakhe yamaphepha amabini, uColonel Morris wabhala, "I-PFC Manning ityikitye izivumelwano zokhuseleko endizenzileyo kwaye kukho iziphumo zokwaphula ezo zivumelwano, kodwa iziphumo kufuneka zibenobulungisa, zilungelelanise umonakalo. Olona gxininiso luphambili lobulungisa bomkhosi kukugcina ucwangco olululo kunye nokuziphatha kakuhle, kwaye inxalenye ephambili yaloo nto kukunqanda. Ndiyazi ukuba akukho joni, umatiloshe, umntu wasemoyeni okanye waselwandle ojonga iminyaka emithandathu kunye ne-PFC Manning evalelwe kwaye ucinga ukuba angathanda ukurhweba ngeendawo. Elo lixesha lexesha le-PFC Manning wavalelwa e-Quantico phantsi kweemeko ze-UN Special Reporteur on Torture ebizwa ngokuba "yinkohlakalo, ingenabuntu kwaye ihlazisa" kwaye oko kwakhokelela ekurhoxeni kwesithethi seSebe likaRhulumente ngoko u-PJ Crowley (uColonel, uMkhosi wase-US, umhlala phantsi) emva kokuba ebize unyango luka-PFC Manning “lububudenge kwaye alunamveliso kwaye bubudenge. Ukunciphisa isigwebo se-PFC Manning ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10 akuyi kubangela ukuba naliphi na ilungu lenkonzo licinge ukuba isohlwayo silula kangangokuba kunokuba yimfuneko ukuthatha umngcipheko phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. "
Ukongezelela, kukho imbono yexesha elide emkhosini wonyango olwahlukileyo. Ibinzana endaliva ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusuka kwixesha endajoyina ngalo uMkhosi woMoya ngo-1983 de kube lixesha endathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-2008 "yayiyi-spanks eyahlukileyo kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo." Ndiyazi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuthelekisa amatyala ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokungalunganga kukho uluvo lokuba amagosa aphezulu asemkhosini kunye namagosa aphezulu karhulumente achaza ulwazi afumana izivumelwano zothando ngelixa abasebenzi abancinci bebethwa. Kubekho amatyala aphezulu ukusukela oko kwagwetywa i-PFC Manning loo nto yanceda ukuqhubela phambili loo mbono. Ukunciphisa isigwebo se-PFC Manning ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 akuyi kuwucima umbono, kodwa kuya kusondeza ibala lokudlala kwinqanaba. "
Impempe yamaPhepha ePentagon uDaniel Ellsberg naye wabhala ileta ebandakanyiweyo kwiphakheji yezikhalazo. U-Ellsberg wabhala ukuba yayiyinkolelo yakhe eqinileyo ukuba iPFC Manning "ibhengeze izinto eziyimfihlo ngenjongo yokwazisa abantu baseMelika ngokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu okubandakanya ukubulawa kwabantu abamsulwa ngamajoni aseMelika eIraq. Wayenethemba lokuqalisa iingxoxo kuluntu lwethu lwedemokhrasi malunga nokuqhubeka kwemfazwe awayekholelwa ukuba ayilunganga kwaye yayinegalelo kwizenzo ezingekho mthethweni…. UManning sele esebenze iminyaka emithandathu. Eli xesha lide kunaye nawuphi na omnye umloli kwimbali yaseUnited States.”
Ileta evela kuGlenn Greenwald, owayesakuba ligqwetha lomgaqo-siseko waseNew York kunye nentatheli Ukuthintela, oye wagubungela ngokubanzi imiba yokubhengezwa, inkululeko yabeendaba, ukungafihli, ukucupha kunye ne-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe (i-NSA) nayo ibandakanyiwe kwiSikhalazo sokuCwangciswa. UGreenwald wabhala wathi:
“Okumangalisayo kukuba, ubunzima bobunzima beChelsea kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo bomelezile umlingiswa wakhe. Nanini na xa ndithetha naye ngobomi bakhe basentolongweni, akathethi nto ngaphandle kovelwano nokuqonda nakubagcini bakhe. Akanayo ingqumbo nezikhalazo ezixhaphakileyo kwanabo baphila ubomi obusikelelekileyo, singasathethi ke ngabo bajongene nentswelo enkulu. Kunzima ukukholelwa kwabo bangamaziyo u-Chelsea- kwaye nakwabo bayaziyo kodwa okukhona esentolongweni, kokukhona enovelwano kwaye ebakhathalele abanye.
Isibindi se-Chelsea siyabonakala. Ubomi bakhe bonke- ukusuka ekuzibandakanyeni emkhosini ngenxa yemvakalelo yomsebenzi kunye nokuziva ukhululekile; ekwenzeni oko wayekuthatha njengesenzo senkalipho nangona kukho iingozi; ukuphuma njengomfazi ogqithileyo naxa usentolongweni yasemkhosini- bubungqina bobukroti bakhe. Ayikokubaxa ukuba i-Chelsea iligorha, kwaye iphefumlelwe, zonke iintlobo zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Naphi na apho ndihamba khona emhlabeni ukuze ndithethe ngemiba yokungafihli nto, ubutshantliziyo kunye nokuchasa, abaphulaphuli abazaliswe ngabancinci nabadala baqhwaba ngehlombe elizinzileyo ngokukhankanywa nje kwegama lakhe. Uyinkuthazo ethile kuluntu lwe-LGBT kumazwe amaninzi, kubandakanywa nalawo apho ukuba ngabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo, ngakumbi i-trans, kuseyingozi kakhulu. "
UMongameli Obama uza kushiya isikhundla kwiiveki ezintandathu. Sidinga iisignesha ze-100,000 ukuze sifumane isikhalazo sabantu phambi kukaMongameli u-Obama ukuba avume isicelo se-Clemency sase-Chelsea. Sine-34,500 etyikityiweyo namhlanje. Sifuna 65,500 ngaphezulu nge Disemba 14 ukuba isicelo siye kwiNdlu eNgcaciso. Nceda ufake igama lakho! https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/commute-chelsea-mannings-sentence-time-served-1
I mpendulo
UPetros kunye nentombi yakhe. Watsho uNuff.