Iminyaka eyi-100 yokuSebenzisa iMfazwe ukuzama ukuqeda yonke iMfazwe

NguDavid Swanson

Nge-4 ka-Epreli iyakuba yiminyaka eli-100 okoko i-US Senate ivotele ukubhengeza imfazwe eJamani kunye nama-50 okoko uMartin Luther King Jr. wathetha ngokuchasene nemfazwe yaseVietnam (49 ukusukela oko wabulawa kwisikhumbuzo sokuqala sentetho). Iziganeko ziyenzeka kuhlelwe ukusinceda sizame ekugqibeleni sifunde izifundo ezithile, ukuhamba ngaphaya, kungekhona nje eVietnam, kodwa imfazwe.

Esi simemezelo semfazwe eJamani sasingengenxa yemfazwe eyenza umxholo omnye oqhelekileyo wokuzonwabisa kunye nembali yase-US. Kwakungenxa yemfazwe eya kuqala phambi kwaloo. Le nto yayiyimfazwe enkulu, imfazwe yokuphelisa zonke iimfazwe, imfazwe ngaphandle kwemimiselo yemfazwe eyalandelayo ayiyi kuba khona.

Kwaye kwabaliswa kuMichael Kazin Ukulwa neMfazwe: I-American Fight for Peace 1914-1918, ukunyakaza okukhulu kwenxolo kwakunenkxaso yenkqubo enkulu yaseUnited States. Ekugqibeleni imfazwe iphelile (emva kokuba i-US yayinayo ngokumalunga ne-5% ubude bemfazwe e-Afghanistan kude kube ngoku) malunga nomntu wonke ozisola ngayo. Ilahleko ebomini, isilungu, ukungcola, ipropati, inkululeko yoluntu, idemokhrasi, kunye nempilo yayingakholeki. Ukufa, ukubhujiswa, ubhubhane lomkhuhlane, ukuthintela, umkhosi osisigxina kunye neerhafu ukuhamba nawo, kunye nokubikezela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II: ezi ziphumo, kwaye abaninzi abantu bakhumbula ukuba babexwayisiwe, kunye nokuba Ukuphela kwayo yonke imfazwe yayithembisiwe.

Abasebenzi bemigudu yoxolo babelumkise urhulumente waseUnited States ukuba angaphumi kwimfazwe (kungekhona ngaphandle kobudlelwane bezinye iintlanga, ngaphandle kokuxhatshazwa kwamanye amazwe). Kwaye bekunjalo. Ukuzisola kwakunzima kwaye kuhlala. Kwaqhubeka kwada kwada kwaba yinto ebi kunazo zonke yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I ehamba ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngelo xesha, ukuzisola kwathatyathwa ngokulibala. IMfazwe Yehlabathi I yachithwa kwimbali ethandwayo, kunye nayo umntwana kwi-steroids yayibhiyozelwa kunokuba ilila, kwaye ibhiyozelwe ngokuhlonela okukhulu ukususela apho.

Ukunyakaza okukhulu koxolo Imfazwe evuliwe e-1928, yayisasazeke, eziqhelekileyo, Kwaye baba ndlongondlongo ngaphambi kowe-1917. Amalungu e-Antiwar Congress ayengene kwiNgxelo yeCongressal yesampulu yesikhukula seeleta kunye nezikhalazo ababezifumene bekhuthaza i-US ukuba iphume emfazweni. Amaqela oxolo abambe imatshi kunye neerali, athumela abathunywa eYurophu, adibana nomongameli, kwaye batyhala bafuna ivoti ethandwayo ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwayo nayiphi na imfazwe, bekholelwa ukuba uluntu luya kuvota. Asisoze sazi, kuba ivoti zange ithathwe. Endaweni yoko, i-United States yangena emfazweni, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa indawo yokuhlala kuthethathethwano kunye nokudala uloyiso olupheleleyo olulandelwa sisohlwayo esikhohlakeleyo secala elilahlekileyo-ipetroli yamaNazi, kunye ne-Italiyane yama-impiriyali, i-impiriyalizim yaseJapan, kunye ne-Sykes-Picot Ukukrola uMbindi Mpuma ithandwa kakhulu ngabahlali bommandla unanamhla.

Umboniso we-antiwar owawukhenketha i-US ngo-1916 wawuquka ubungakanani bobomi obuyimodeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-stegosaurus eyayibonisa iziphumo ezibulalayo zokuba nezixhobo ezinzima kodwa kungekho buchopho. Umbono wokulungiselela umlo ukuze ufezekise uxolo, nto leyo namhlanje iyinto elula, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngowona mthombo woburharha, njengoko iWashington yayiqhuba "ukulungela". UMorris Hillquit, usoshiyali ocacileyo-into ka-Bernie Sanders ngaphandle komlo wenkulungwane yama-21-wabuza ukuba kutheni amazwe ase-Yuropu, ekubeni enezixhobo zokuzikhusela emfazweni, khange ayiphephe. "I-inshurensi yabo yokulwa imfazwe yajika yaba yimeko embi ye-inshurensi engaphezulu," utshilo. Ulungiselela imfazwe, kwaye ufumana imfazwe-ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo.

UWoodrow Wilson uphumelele ukuphinda enze iqonga lomlo, kwaye ngekhe awuphumelele ngenye indlela. Emva kokukhetha imfazwe, akazange akwazi ukuphakamisa umkhosi ukuba alwe imfazwe yakhe ngaphandle komgaqo. Kwaye akazange akwazi ukugcina uyilo ngaphandle kokuvalela abantu ababethetha ngokuchasene nalo. Wabona ukuba abo bangafuniyo ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yesazela bayangcungcuthekiswa (okanye, njengoko sisitsho namhlanje, bencinwa). Ukanti abantu bala, bamshiya, babaleka, kwaye balwa ngobundlobongela ngamawaka-waka. Ubulumko bokwala imfazwe babungasweleki. Akuzange kulandelwe kuphela abo basemagunyeni.

Ukuqonda ukuba impi iya kupheliswa, eyafikelela ekuphakameni kwayo mhlawumbi kwi-1920 kunye ne-1930s, yabona into yokubuya ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yiVietnam iMfazwe yaseMerika. UMartin Luther King akazange aphakamise imfazwe eyahlukileyo okanye imfazwe engcono, kodwa ushiye emva kwayo yonke imfazwe. Ukwazisa kwaye kwanda njengoko iVietnam Syndrome iye yaphela kwaye imfazwe iqhelekile. Ngoku, ingqondo eyaziwayo e-US ibunzima bokuphikisana.

Kwi poll yamuva, I-66% yabantu e-United States banexhala lokuba i-US izakuzibandakanya kwimfazwe enkulu kule minyaka mine izayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-US ibandakanyeke kwimfazwe eliqela ngoku ekufuneka ibonakale intle kakhulu kubantu abaphila kubo, iimfazwe ezidale eyona ngxaki inkulu yeembacu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiplanethi kwaye zisongela ukophula iirekhodi ezifanayo zendlala. Ukongeza, i-80% yoluntu lwase-US kwivoti efanayo bathi bayayixhasa i-NATO. Kukho ukwahlula okungama-50/50 malunga nokuba ungazakha na iinyukliya ezingaphezulu. Uninzi oluncinci luthanda ukuthintela iimbacu ezibaleka iimfazwe. Kwaye ngaphezulu iikota ezintathu Iidemokhrasi zikholelwa, ngenxa yeengxabano kunokuba izizathu zengqondo, ukuba iRashiya ayibuhlobo okanye intshaba. Nangona izilumkiso zezilumko zingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, abantu basacinga ukuba bangasebenzisa amalungiselelo emfazwe ukuphepha imfazwe.

Inye into enokusinceda ukuba singabikho kwiimfazwe ezininzi bubuso bukaTrump ngoku obubekwe kwiimfazwe. Abantu abaya kuyithiya iRussia kuba bayamthiya uTrump ngamanye amaxesha banokuphikisana neemfazwe zikaTrump kuba bayamthiya uTrump. Kwaye abo basebenzayo ukuxhasa iimbacu banokufuna ukunceda ekupheliseni ubugebenga obudala iimbacu.

Okwangoku, iitanki zaseJamani ziphinde kwakhona ukugqithisa ukuya kumda waseRussia, kwaye endaweni yokucela ukugxekwa kumaqela afana neZiko lika-Anne Frank, njengoko kusandula ukwenziwa ukulwa ne-anti-Semitism kaDonald Trump, inkululeko yase-US iyaqhwaba izandla okanye ithintela nakuphi na ukuqonda.

Enye into eqinisekile: asiyi kuphila kwenye iminyaka ye-100 yale nto. Kudala ngaphambi koko, kuya kufuneka sizame enye into. Siza kufuneka sidlulele ngaphaya kwemfa kwisisombululo esingavunyelwanga ngongqoqo-mbambano, uncedo, idiplomacy, ulwaphulo-mthetho, intsebenziswano kunye nomthetho wolawulo.

World Beyond War Uyacwangcisa iziganeko kuyo yonke indawo, kuquka ezi:

Ukukhumbula Imfazwe Yadlulileyo. . . kunye nokukhusela okulandelayo

Aprili 3rd e-NYU, eNew York, NY. (iinkcukacha ze-TBA)
Abathethi: UJoanne Sheehan, uGlen Ford, u-Alice Slater, uMaria Santelli, uDavid Swanson.

April 4, I-6-8 i-Busboys kunye namaPhothi, i-5th kunye ne-K Streets NW, Washington, DC
Abathethi: UMichael Kazin, uEugene Puryear, uMedea uBenjamin, uDavid Swanson, uMaria Santelli.

Ngamana 25, I-6-8 ntambama, i-Koret Auditorium, i-Library yase-San Francisco yoluntu, i-100 Larkin St, iSan Francisco, CA.
Abathethi: UJackie Cabasso, uDaniel Ellsberg, uDavid Hartsough, uAdam Hochschild.