Ke David Swanson le Pat Elder, World Beyond War
Kameho ea Pentagon nokeng eo e lutseng lebopong la eona ha se tšusumetso e mpe ea ho futhumala ha lefatše le maoatle a nyolohang e tlatselitsoeng ke ts'ebeliso e kholo ea oli ea sesole sa US. Sesole sa US le sona se chesa Noka ea Potomac ka ho otloloha ka litsela tse ngata ho feta kamoo mang kapa mang a ka nahanang.
Ha re nke sekepe ho theosa le Potomac ho tloha mohloling oa eona lithabeng tsa West Virginia ho ea molomong oa eona Chesapeake Bay. Leeto le theohang tseleng ena e matla ea metsi le fana ka lintlha tsa libaka tse tšeletseng tsa EPA Superfund tse entsoeng ke Pentagon ka ho se natse tikoloho e senyehileng ea phula ea Noka ea Potomac.
Lebotho la Navy la US Allegany Ballistics Laboratory e Rocket Centre, West Virginia, 130 lik'hilomithara tse ka leboea ho Washington, ke mohloli oa bohlokoa oa tšilafalo Nōkeng ea Potomac. Ho lahleheloa ha libaka tsa li-explosive le lihlahisoa tse qhibilihisang sebakeng sena ho silafatsa mobu le metsi a fatše ka lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi. Metsi a fatše le mobu o haufi le nōka li koaheloa ke liqhomane, dioxin, lik'hemik'hale tse nang le mefuta e mengata, li-acid, laboratori le lihlahisoa tsa indasteri, sludge e ka tlaase e tsoang ho e phomola, ho qeta lipepa le liphahla. Sebaka seo se boetse se na le blillium landfill. Sebaka se chesang se chesang se ntse se sebelisetsoa ho lahla litšila, ho fafatsa lerōle la lik'hemik'hale holim'a nōka. Ha se molemo.
Ho tsamaea le nōka ea 90 lik'hilomithara tse ka boroa ho re isa ho rona Fort Detrick Frederick, Maryland, "Lebaka la" sesole "la sesole sa lenaneo la sechaba la ntoa. Anthrax, Phosgene le carbon di-radioactive, sebabole le phosphorus li patoa mona. Metsi a fatše a laoloa ke trichlorethylene e bolaeang, kankere ea motho le tetrachloroethene, ho belaelloa hore e baka likokoana-hloko liphoofolong tsa laboratori. Lebotho le ile la leka mahlaseli a maholo le a maholo mona, joaloka Bacillus globigii, Serratia marcescens le Escherichia coli. Le hoja DOD e re e ile ea khaotsa libetsa tsa likokoana-hloko tlhahlobo ea lits'oaetso ho 1971, boipiletso bo tšoana le ho behoa ha sesole sa mekhatlo ea "missile" e sireletsang haufi le moeli oa sera.
Fort Detrick e boetse e na le histori ea ho lahla phosphorus e phahameng ka har'a eona ea tsamaiso ea metsi e qetellang e hlatsoa Nōkeng e tlaase ea Monaco, e leng setsi sa Potomac. Ha e le hantle, Lefapha la Tikoloho la Maryland le qotsitse Lebotho hore le fane ka tumello ea tumello. Phosphorus e ngata haholo metsing e etsa hore algae e hōle ka potlako ho feta sebōpeho sa tikoloho. E bolaea. Lebotho ke setsebi se hlohlelletsang pele sa metsi a Nōka ea Potomac.
Li-40 tse lik'hilomithara tse ka tlase ho nōka ho tloha Fort Detrick ke Washington Spring Valley moahelani le kampong ea American University. Sebaka sena se ne se sebelisoa ke Lebotho nakong ea Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše ho leka Lewisite, khase e bolaeang e entsoeng ka arsenic. Masole a ile a tlama liphoofolo lithupeng 'me a tlohela libomo tsa lik'hemik'hale ho bona kamoo liphoofolo li ileng tsa shoa kapele kateng. Sebaka sena se ne se koahetsoe ke lihlahisoa tse bolaeang tsa masole 'me masole a pata libaka tse setseng tsa limmine ka mor'a hore li hlahlojoe. Perchlorate le Arsenic li teng ka metsing kajeno. Likoting tse chefo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse patiloeng li na le metsi a macha a silafetseng a haufi le Letamo la Dalecarlia, ka ntle ho Potomac.
Lik'hilomithara tse hlano ka boroa, e Washington Navy Yard e fumaneha Nōkeng ea Anacostia, haufi le khokahano ea eona le Potomac. Ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse silafalitsoeng ka ho fetisisa tsa thekiso ea matlo naheng. Lebotho la Navy Yard e ne e le setsi sa khale sa ho etsa li-canon, likhetla le thunya. Mobu o haufi le nōka o silafalitsoe ke tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, motsoako le lisebelisoa tse boima, li-acid, li-cleaner, caustics, iridite le alkaline, li-lead, chromium, cadmium, antimone, li-biphenyl (polychlorinated biphenyl) PCBs) le dioxins.
Ha re le lebōpong la leoatle la Maryland, 20 lik'hilomithara tse tsoang Navy Yard, re tla ho Sehlooho sa ntoa sa lihlopha tsa Indian Head Naval Center e Charles County, e nang le histori ea lilemo tsa 100 ea ho lahla le litšila tse kotsi tse kotsi. Hangata sebaka seo se ne se ntša litšila tsa indasteri e le lisebelisoa tsa septic, mekotla e bulehileng le sekepe sa sekepe se ileng sa tšollela ka ho toba meleng ea metsi e pota-potileng ka har'a Potomac. Metsi a metsi sebakeng seo a silafalitsoe ke litebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mercury.
Mefuta e ka tlas'a metsi e ka tlaase ho metsi e bokelloa ho Hlooho ea Indian e na le li-concentrations pakeng tsa 1,600 le 436,000 ug / L. Ho kenya data ena moelelo, Lefapha la Tikoloho la Maryland le thehile moeletsi oa metsi a nooang oa 1 ug / L. Perchlorate e 'nile ea amahanngoa le phello ea eona e mpe holim'a qoqotho ea thyroid.
Qetellong, re fihla Setsi sa Ntoa ea Ntoa ea Leoatle - Dahlgren, e leng sebaka se seng sa maoto a 20 ka boroa ho Indian Head, haufi le Nōka ea Potomac e King George County, Virginia. Ho lahleheloa ke lik'hemik'hale tse sa hloekeng ho silafatsa mobu, metsi a fatše le limela. Ho fihlela letsatsing lena, Dahlgren o bula lithōle tse kotsi, a fafatsa phofo ea chefo holim'a Potomake, Neck Northern ea Virginia le Southern Southern Maryland. A thuto tsa mekhoa e meng ea ts'ebeliso ea litšila Dahlgren e thathamisa litšenyehelo tsa lichelete tsa ho chesa habonolo e le "$ 0." Ho ea ka EPA, balaoli ba DOD ha ba na tšusumetso ea ho fetola tsela eo ba e entseng ka 70 lilemo. Tlosa ho chesa le ho senya lihlahisoa tse tlaase ho tsona. "
Dahlgren, mercury e lahliloeng e kopantsoe le litopo tsa Gambo Creek, tse kenang ka ho toba ho Potomac. Ho patoa ha libomo tse silafalitsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse matla le polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) li chefoletse lefats'e ka Potomake e matla. PCBs, Trichloroethane, le mefuta e mengata ea likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa ho thunya le ho pata uranium e neng e se e sebelisitsoe ho etsa mofuta oa sebetsa sa nyutlelie se tsejoang e le bunker buster.
Ka 1608 John Smith e bile oa pele oa Europe ho lekola metsi a Potomac ho tloha Chesapeake Bay ho ea Washington. Ha a hlalosa noka le Chesapeake, Smith o ngotse, "Leholimo le Lefatše ha ho mohla li kileng tsa lumellana hantle ho aha sebaka sa bolulo ba motho." E ntse e khahleha, empa lilemo tse 400 hamorao, metsi le mobu li chefo. Liwebsaete tsa EPA Superfund tse hlalositsoeng kaholimo li tla tloha li fumana tlhokomelo e tlase ho feta kamoo li lokelang hobane moralo oa tekanyetso oa Mopresidente Trump oa 2018 o hloka ho fokotsa lenaneo la ho hloekisa Superfund hoo e ka bang kotara.
EPA e fumane chefo ena metsing a leboteng la Potomac, kaofela ha eona e bakoa ke mesebetsi ea sesole: Acetone, Alkaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimony, Bacillus Globigii, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chromium, Cyanide, Cyclonite, Uranium e setseng, Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxin, Escherichia Coli, Iridite, Moeta-pele, Mercere, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosphorus, Biphenyls Polychlorin (PCBs), Hydrocarbons Polyaromatic (PAHs ), Carbon e nang le mahlaseli a kotsi, Sulfure ea mahlaseli a kotsi, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene le Zinc.
Potomac e hole le ho ikhethang. Mashome a tšeletseng a metso e robong a US Polokelo ea boipheliso libaka tsa koluoa tsa tikoloho li bakoa ke litokisetso tsa ntoa.
Litokisetso tsa ntoa li lefella nako ea 10 chelete eo lintoa tsa sebele li e etsang, 'me bonyane ho baka bonyane nako ea 10 lefu. Litokisetso tsa ntoa tsa sesole sa US tsa ntoa li baka ho shoa ha batho ka litsela tse tsoang litlhoko tsa batho le ka ho toba ka ho timetsoa ha tikoloho hohle lefatšeng ho kenyeletsa le United States, ho kenyeletsa le Potomac.
Seo ho thoeng ke ho kenella linaheng lisele lintoeng tsa lehae ho pota lefatše, ho ea ka ho akaretsang lithuto tsa, Makhetlo a 100 a mangata - ha ho moo ho nang le mahlomola, eseng moo ho nang le sehlōhō, eseng moo ho nang le ts'oaetso lefats'eng, empa moo naha ntoeng e nang le mehloli e mengata ea oli kapa moemeli o na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea oli.
Sesole sa United States ke moemeli ea ka holimo oa peterole ho pota-pota, ho chesa ho feta linaha tse ngata, le ho chesa boholo ba tsona litokisetsong tsa ntoa tse ngata. Ho na le lifofane tsa sesole tse ka bakang tšenyo e eketsehileng ka jet fuel ka metsotsoana ea 10 ho feta kamoo u ka khonang ka koloi ho khanna koloi ea hau selemo.
Litekanyo tsohle tse joalo li tlosa tšenyo ea tikoloho e entsoeng ke baetsi ba libetsa ka boinotšing le ka libetsa tsa bona. US ke mohlokomeli ea ka sehloohong oa libetsa tsa ntoa ho lefats'e lohle.
Lipalo tsohle tse joalo li boetse li siea tšenyo e ngata le lintlha tsohle tsa mahlomola a motho. Sesole sa US se chesa litšila tse chefo pepeneneng, pela mabotho a sona libakeng tse kang Iraq, haufi le matlo a batho ba lulang linaheng tseo se li futuhetseng, le United States libakeng tse ngata - hangata tse futsanehileng le tse fokolang - joalo ka. Colfax, Louisiana, le Dahlgren ka Potomac.
Boholo ba tšenyo ena ke ea ka ho sa feleng, joalo ka chefo ea uranium e senyehileng, e sebelisoang libakeng tse kang Syria le Iraq. Empa sena ke 'nete libakeng tse pota-pota United States hape. Haufi le St. Louis, Missouri, ka sekhukhu mollo e ntse e atamela haufi haholo le qubu e ka tlas'a lefatše ea litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi.
Joale ho na le Nōka ea Potomase. E phalla boroa pakeng tsa lihopotso tsa Lincoln le Jefferson ho Washington, DC ka bochabela, le Arlington, Virginia, ka bophirimela, moo Pentagon Lagoon e tlisang metsi ho ntlo-khōlō ea ntoa ea lefatše.
Ha se feela lehae la lintoa le lulang haufi le metsi a ntseng a phahama - a phahama pele le ho feta ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa ho etsa ntoa, empa metsi ao - metsi a Potomac le a Chesapeake Bay eo a phallelang ho eona, le maqhubu a eona phahamisa le ho theola metsi a Pentagon Lagoon letsatsi le leng le le leng - a silafalitsoe haholo ke litokisetso tsa ntoa.
Ke ka lebaka lena re rerang re u mema hore u kene le mohlokomeli flotilla ho Pentagon ka September 16th. Re hloka ho tlisa tlhokahalo ea oli e se nang oli bakeng sa ntoa ea rona ea etellang pele moetsalibe oa tikoloho.
