Ka Terry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War, Hlakola 24 2021
Filimi ea litokomane ea Isiraele e bitsoang The Lab e entsoe ka 2013. E ile ea bonts'oa Pretoria le Cape Town, Europe, Australia le US mme ea hapa likhau tse ngata, esita le ho kenyelletsa Moketeng oa Litaba oa Lifilimi oa Tel Aviv.[I]
Khopolo-taba ea filimi ke hore ho haptjoa ha Gaza le West Bank ke Isiraele ke "lab" e le hore Isiraele e ka ithorisa ka hore libetsa tsa eona li "lekiloe ntoeng 'me tsa pakoa" hore li ka romelloa kantle ho naha. Mme, ka mokhoa o tšosang ka ho fetesisa, mali a Palestina a fetotsoe chelete joang!
Komiti ea Ts'ebeletso ea Metsoalle ea Amerika (MaQuaker) e Jerusalema e sa tsoa lokolla database ea eona ea Ts'ebetso ea Sesole le Ts'ireletso ea Isiraele (DIMSE).[Ii] Phuputso e qaqisa khoebo ea lefats'e le ts'ebeliso ea lihlomo tsa Isiraele le litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso ho tloha ka selemo sa 2000 ho isa ho 2019. India le US e bile tsona kantle ho naha tse kenang, Turkey e le ea boraro.
Phuputso e re:
'Isiraele e ba sehlopheng sa selemo le selemo har'a barekisi ba lihlomo tse kholohali lefatšeng, empa ha ba itlalehe khafetsa ho ngoliso ea Machaba a Kopaneng ka libetsa tse tloaelehileng,' me ha ba sa tiisa Tumellano ea Khoebo ea Lihlomo. Tsamaiso ea molao ea malapeng ea Isiraele ha e hloke ponaletso litabeng tsa khoebo ea libetsa, 'me hajoale ha ho na lithibelo tse molaong tsa litokelo tsa batho mabapi le thomello ea lihlomo kantle ho naha ea Isiraele ntle le ho latela lithibelo tsa libetsa tsa Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la UN.
Isiraele e file bahatelli ba Myanmar lisebelisoa tsa sesole ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950. Empa ke ka 2017 feela - kamora pherekano ea lefats'e ka lebaka la polao e sehlōhō ea Mamoseleme Rohingyas le kamora hore baitseki ba litokelo tsa botho ba Isiraele ba sebelise makhotla a Isiraele ho pepesa khoebo - na sena se ile sa hlabisa 'muso oa Isiraele lihlong.[Iii]
Ofisi ea Mokhomishenara ea Phahameng oa Litokelo tsa Botho ea UN ka 2018 e phatlalalitse hore molaoli oa Myanmar o lokela ho qosoa ka polao ea morabe. Lekhotla la Machaba la Toka ho The Hague ka 2020 le laetse Myanmar ho thibela pefo ea polao e khahlano le Rohingya, le ho boloka bopaki ba litlhaselo tse fetileng.[Iv]
Ha re nahana ka nalane ea Polao e Sehlōhō ea Manazi, ke ntho e mpe hore 'muso oa Isiraele le indasteri ea libetsa ea Israele ba kentse letsoho ho feliseng morabe o mong Myanmar le Palestina hammoho le linaha tse ling tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Kashmir, Serbia le Philippines.[V] Ho tšosa ka tsela e tšoanang hore US e sireletse naha ea eona ea satellite ea Isiraele ka tšebeliso e mpe ea matla a eona a veto ho Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la UN.
Bukeng ea hae e bitsoang Ntoa khahlanong le Batho, Moitseki oa khotso oa Israele Jeff Halper o qala ka potso: "Isiraele e baleha joang?" Karabo ea hae ke hore Isiraele e etsetsa US "mosebetsi o litšila" eseng feela Middle East, empa le Afrika, Latin America le libakeng tse ling ka ho rekisa libetsa, litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso le ho boloka bompoli bo le matla ka ho tlatlapa lisebelisuoa tsa tlhaho ho kenyeletsoa litaemane, koporo , coltan, khauta le oli.[vi]
Buka ea Halper e tiisa bobeli Lab le thuto ea DIMSE. Moemeli oa mehleng oa US ho Israele ka 2009 ka likhang o ile a lemosa Washington hore Isiraele e ntse e eketseha ho ba "naha e ts'episitsoeng bakeng sa botlokotsebe bo hlophisitsoeng". Tšenyo e teng hona joale indastering ea eona ea lihlomo ke hore Iseraele e fetohile "naha ea likebekoa".
Linaha tse robong tsa Afrika li kenyelelitsoe polokelongtshedimosetso ea DIMSE - Angola, Cameroon, Côte D'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Morocco, Afrika Boroa, Sudan Boroa le Uganda. Bohatelli ba Angola, Cameroon le Uganda ba its'etlehile ts'ehetsong ea sesole sa Isiraele ka mashome a lilemo. Linaha tsohle tse robong li tumme ka bobolu le tlhekefetso ea litokelo tsa botho tse lulang li hokahane.
Mohatelli oa nako e telele oa Angola Eduardo dos Santos e ne e le monna ea ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ha morali oa hae Isobel le eena e le mosali ea ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika.[vii] Bobeli ntate le morali qetellong ba qosoa ka bobolu.[viii] Li-depositi tsa oli Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan Boroa le Sahara Bophirima (tse hapiloeng ho tloha 1975 ke Morocco ho tlola molao oa machabeng) li fana ka mabaka a ho nka karolo ha Isiraele.
Litaemane tsa mali ke tsona tse hohelang Angola le Côte D'Ivoire (hammoho le Democratic Republic of Congo le Zimbabwe tse sa kenyellelitsoeng thutong). Ntoa ea DRC e bitsoa "Ntoa ea Pele ea Lefatše ea Afrika" hobane lisosa tsa eona ke cobalt, coltan, koporo le litaemane tsa indasteri tse hlokoang ke seo ho thoeng ke "Khoebo ea Pele ea Lefatše".
Ka banka ea hae ea Isiraele, moemeli oa taemane, Dan Gertler ka 1997 o fane ka tšehetso ea lichelete bakeng sa ho lelekoa ha Mobutu Sese Seko le ho nkuoa hoa DRC ke Laurant Kabila. Ts'ebeletso ea ts'ireletso ea Isiraele kamora moo e ile ea boloka Kabila le mora oa hae Joseph ba le pusong ha Gertler a ntse a utsoetsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tsa DRC.[ix]
Matsatsi a seng makae pele a tlohela mosebetsi ka Pherekhong, Mopresidente oa mehleng Donald Trump o ile a emisa ho kenyelletsoa ha Gertler lenaneng la likotlo tsa Global Magnitsky leo Gertler a neng a behiloe ho lona ka 2017 bakeng sa "tumellano e sa bonahaleng le e bolileng ea merafo DRC". Boiteko ba Trump ba ho "tšoarela" Gertler joale bo ntse bo phephetsoa Lefapheng la Naha la US le Polokelong ea Lichelete la US ke mekhatlo e mashome a mararo ea batho ba Congo le ba machabeng.[x]
Le ha Isiraele e sena merafo ea litaemane, ke setsi se etelletseng pele lefatšeng sa ho seha le ho bentsa. E thehiloe nakong ea Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše ka thuso ea Afrika Boroa, khoebo ea litaemane e ile ea etella pele indasteri ea Isiraele. Indasteri ea litaemane ea Isiraele le eona e hokahane haholo le indasteri ea lihlomo le Mossad.[xi]
Côte D'Ivoire esale e sa tsitsa lipolotiking lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, mme tlhahiso ea eona ea litaemane ha e na thuso.[xii] Leha ho le joalo tlaleho ea DIMSE e senola hore khoebo ea daemane ea selemo le selemo ea Côte D'Ivoire e fihla lipakeng tsa likoloi tsa 50 000 le 300 000, le likhamphani tsa libetsa tsa Isiraele li nkile karolo ka mafolofolo khoebong ea lithunya tsa litaemane.
Baahi ba Isiraele le bona ba ile ba ameha haholo nakong ea ntoa ea lehae ea Sierra Leone lilemong tsa bo-1990, le lithunya-bakeng sa khoebo ea litaemane. Colonel Yair Klein le ba bang ba fane ka koetliso ho Revolutionary United Front (RUF). “Leano la ho saena la RUF e ne e le ho khaola baahi, ho ba khaola matsoho, maoto, molomo le litsebe ka lisupa le lilepe. Morero oa RUF e ne e le ho tšosa baahi le ho thabela puso e se nang manganga masimong a litaemane. ”[xiii]
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, k'hamphani e ka pele ea Mossad ho thoe e ile ea qhekella likhetho tsa Zimbabwe nakong ea Mugabe[xiv]. Mossad ka nako eo ho boetse ho thoe o hlophisitse phetohelo ea d'etat ho 2017 ha Emmerson Mnangagwa a nka sebaka sa Mugabe. Litaemane tsa Zimbabwe tsa Marange li romelloa naheng ea Isiraele ka Dubai.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng Dubai - lehae le lecha la baena ba Gupta le tumme ka hore ke se seng sa litsi tsa lichelete tse etelletseng pele lefats'eng, hape e leng motsoalle e mocha oa Moarabia oa Isiraele - e fana ka setifikeiti sa bosholu ho latela Kimberley Process hore litaemane tseo tsa mali ha li na likhohlano. . Majoe ao a se a koaloa a bile a bentšoa Iseraeleng hore a romeloe Amerika, haholo ho bahlankana ba thetsoang ba koentse polelo ea papatso ea De Beers ea hore litaemane li teng ka ho sa feleng.
Afrika Boroa e maemong a 47th thutong ea DIMSE. Thekiso ea thepa e tsoang Isiraele ho tloha 2000 esale e le litsamaiso tsa radar le lifofane tsa lifofane bakeng sa selekane sa libetsa BAE / Saab Gripens, likoloi tsa merusu le lits'ebeletso tsa ts'ireletso ea cyber. Ka bomalimabe, boleng ba lichelete ha bo fanoe. Pele ho 2000, Afrika Boroa ka 1988 e ile ea reka lifofane tsa ntoa tse 60 tse neng li se li sa sebelisoe ke mabotho a moea a Israele. Sefofane se ile sa ntlafatsoa ka theko ea $ 1.7 billion mme sa reoa Cheetah, mme sa tlisoa kamora 1994.
Kopano eo le Isiraele e ile ea fetoha lihlong tsa lipolotiki ho ANC. Leha lifofane tse ling li ne li ntse li le teng ho paka lintho, Ma-Cheetah ao a ile a rekisetsoa Chile le Ecuador ka theko ea thekiso ea mollo. Licheche tseo li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke BAE Hawks ea Borithane le Seswedishe le BAE / Saab Gripens ka litšenyehelo tse ling tsa $ 2.5 billion.
Leqheka la bomenemene la lihlomo tsa BAE / Saab ha le so rarolloe. Hoo e ka bang maqephe a 160 a afidaviti a tsoang Brithani Serious Fraud Office le Scorpions a qaqisa hore na BAE e lefile tjotjo ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 115 joang (R2 billion), bao tjotjo eo e ileng ea fuoa bona, le hore na ke liakhaonte life tsa banka tsa Afrika Boroa le mose ho maoatle.
Khahlano le netefatso e tsoang ho mmuso oa Borithane le ho saena ha Trevor Manuel, tumellano ea kalimo ea banka ea Barclays Bank ea lilemo tse 20 bakeng sa lifofane tseo tsa ntoa ea BAE / Saab ke mohlala oa buka ea "lefatše la boraro" ho ts'oaroa ha mekoloto ke libanka tsa Borithane.
Le ha e ikarabella ka tlase ho phesente e le 'ngoe ea khoebo ea lefats'e, khoebo ea ntoa e hakantsoe hore e ikarabella ho liperesente tse 40 ho isa ho tse 45 tsa bobolu ba lefatše. Tekanyetso ena e sa tloaelehang e tsoa - libakeng tsohle - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ka Lefapha la Khoebo la Amerika. [xv]
Bobolu ba khoebo ea lihlomo bo ea holimo le holimo. E kenyelletsa Mofumahali, Khosana Charles le litho tse ling tsa lelapa la borena la Borithane.[xvi] Ka mekhelo e fokolang, e kenyelletsa setho se seng le se seng sa Congress ea Amerika ho sa tsotelehe mokha oa lipolotiki. Mopresidente Dwight Eisenhower ka 1961 o ile a lemosa ka litlamorao tsa seo a se bitsitseng "moaho oa sesole-indasteri-kopano".
Joalokaha ho hlahisitsoe ho The Lab, mapolesa a Brazil a bolaeang le mapolesa a ka bang 100 a Amerika a koetlisitsoe ka mekhoa e sebelisoang ke Maisrael ho hatella MaPalestina. Polao ea George Floyd ho la Minneapolis le Maafrika le Maamerika a mangata metseng e meng e bontša kamoo pefo le khethollo ea morabe ea khethollo ea Isiraele e romelloang kantle ho lefatše. Ditlamorao tsa boipelaetso ba Mathata a Bophelo ba Batho ba Batsho li totobalitse hore US ke sechaba se sa lekanang ka ho fetelletseng ebile se sa sebetseng.
Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la UN morao koana ka Pulungoana 1977 le ile la etsa qeto ea hore tlhekefetso le litokelo tse mpe tsa litokelo tsa botho Afrika Boroa li baka tšokelo ho khotso le polokeho ea machabeng. Ho ile ha etsoa thibelo ea lihlomo e ileng ea nyenyefatsoa ke linaha tse ngata, haholo Jeremane, Fora, Borithane, Amerika mme haholoholo Isiraele.[xvii]
Limilione tse likete tsa liranta li ile tsa tšeloa ho Armscor le borakonteraka ba bang ba libetsa mabapi le nts'etsopele ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie, limisaele le lisebelisoa tse ling, tse ileng tsa ipaka li se na thuso ho hang khahlanong le bohanyetsi ba malapeng ba khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo ho e-na le ho atleha ho sireletsa tsamaiso ea khethollo ea molao, tšebeliso eo ea bohloka ea lihlomo e sentse Afrika Boroa.
Joaloka mohlophisi oa mehleng oa Business Day, mofu Ken Owen o ngotse:
“Bobe ba khethollo ea morabe e ne e le ba baetapele ba sechaba: bohlanya ba eona e ne e le thepa ea sehlopha sa sesole. Ke ntho e makatsang ea tokoloho ea rona hore hegemony ea Afrikaner e ka be e bile teng halofo e ngoe ea lekholo la lilemo ha bororistori ba sesole ba ne ba sa khelose letlotlo la naha ho etsa merero e kang Mossgas le Sasol, Armscor le Nufcor, eo qetellong, e sa kang ea re fihlela letho ntle le ho oa le ho hlajoa ke lihlong . ”[xviii]
Ka tsela e tšoanang, mohlophisi oa makasine oa Noseweek, Martin Welz o ile a re: “Iseraele e ne e e-na le boko, empa e se na chelete. Aforika Borwa e ne e na le tjhelete, empa ho se na boko ”. Ka bokhutšoanyane, Afrika Boroa e tšehelitse nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lihlomo tsa Isiraele eo kajeno e leng tšokelo e kholo ho khotso ea lefats'e. Ha Isiraele e qetella e iketselitse khatello ea US ho 1991 mme e qala ho ikhula kamanong ea eona le Afrika Boroa, indasteri ea libetsa ea Isiraele le baetapele ba sesole ba hanyetsa ka matla.
Ba ne ba sa tsotelle letho mme ba tsitlella hore e "ipolaea" Ba phatlalalitse hore "Afrika Boroa e pholositse Isiraele". Hape re lokela ho hopola hore lithunya tsa G3 tse neng li sebelisoa ka boomo ke Mapolesa a Afrika Boroa polaong ea Marikana ea 2012 li entsoe ke Denel tlasa laesense e tsoang Isiraele.
Likhoeli tse peli kamora hore Puo ea Mopresidente PW Botha e tummeng hampe ea Rubicon ka Phato 1985, banka ena e tšoeu ea nako e le 'ngoe e ile ea fetoha mofetoheli. Ka nako eo ke ne ke le Motsamaisi oa Lichelete oa Setereke oa Nedbank oa Kapa Bophirima, hape ke ikarabella mesebetsing ea machabeng ea libanka. Ke ne ke boetse ke le motšehetsi oa End Conscription Campaign (ECC), mme ke hanne ho lumella mora oa ka ea lilemong tsa bocha hore a ngolisoe sesoleng sa khethollo.
Kotlo ea ho hana ho sebetsa SADF e bile teronkong ea lilemo tse tšeletseng. Ho hakanngoa hore bahlankana ba makhooa ba ka bang 25 000 ba ile ba tsoa ka har'a naha ho fapana le ho ingolisa sesoleng sa khethollo. Hore Afrika Boroa e ntse e le e 'ngoe ea linaha tse mabifi ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ke se seng sa litlamorao tse ngata tse ntseng li tsoela pele tsa bokoloniale le khethollo ea morabe, le lintoa tsa bona.
Re na le Moarekabishopo Desmond Tutu le mofu Ngaka Beyers Naude, re tsebisitse lets'olo la machaba la likotloho tsa banka ho Machaba a Kopaneng New York ka 1985 e le mohato oa hoqetela o seng mabifi ho thibela ntoa ea lehae le tšollo ea mali ea morabe. Ho tšoana pakeng tsa mokhatlo oa litokelo tsa botho tsa Amerika le lets'olo la lefats'e khahlano le khethollo ea morabe li ne li hlakile ho Maafro-Amerika. Molao o Phethahetseng oa Khahlano le Khethollo ea Molao o ile oa fetisoa selemo hamorao ka lebaka la likhetho tsa Mopresidente Ronald Reagan.
Ka Perestroika le pheletso e atamelang ea Cold War ka 1989, Mopresidente George Bush (Moholo) ka bobeli le Congress ea Amerika ba ts'ositse ho thibela Afrika Boroa ho etsa litšebelisano life kapa life tsa lichelete ho la US. Tutu le rona baitseki ba khahlano le khethollo ea molao re ne re ke ke ra hlola re tlotsoa re le "makomonisi!" Seo e ne e le semelo sa puo ea Mopresidente FW de Klerk ka Hlakola 1990. De Klerk o bone mongolo leboteng.
Ntle le phihlello ea libanka tse kholo tse supileng tsa New York le sistimi ea tefo ea lidolara tsa Amerika, Afrika Boroa e ka be e sa khone ho rekisa kae kapa kae lefatšeng. Mopresidente Nelson Mandela o ile a amohela kamora moo hore lets'olo la likotloho tsa banka la New York e ne e le leano le sebetsang ka ho fetisisa khahlano le khethollo ea morabe.[xix]
Ke thuto ea bohlokoa bo khethehileng ho 2021 bakeng sa Isiraele eo, joalo ka khethollo ea Afrika Boroa, e ipolelang hore ke demokrasi. Ho qhekella basomi ba eona joalo ka "anti-Semitic" ho ntse ho hola ho feta ha palo e ntseng e eketseha ea Bajode lefats'eng ka bophara e ikarola ho Sionism.
Hore Isiraele ke naha ea khethollo hona joale ho tlalehiloe haholo - ho kenyeletsoa le Lekhotla la Russell la Palestina le kopaneng Cape Town ka Pulungoana 201l. E netefalitse hore boitšoaro ba mmuso oa Isiraele mabapi le MaPalestina bo fihlela lipehelo tsa molao tsa khethollo ea molao joalo ka tlolo ea molao ea khethollo ea morabe.
Ka hare ho "Isiraele e loketseng," melao e fetang 50 e khetholla baahi ba Palestina ba Isiraele ka lebaka la boahi, mobu le puo, ka liperesente tse 93 tsa mobu o boloketsoeng Bajude feela. Nakong ea apareteiti Afrika Boroa, lihlong tse joalo li ile tsa hlalosoa e le "khethollo ea morabe e nyane." Ntle le "mohala o motala," Bolaoli ba Palestina ke "khethollo e kholo" ea Bantustan, empa e na le boikemelo bo bonyenyane ho feta ba Bantustan Afrika Boroa.
Mmuso oa Roma, Mmuso oa Ottoman, Mmuso oa Fora, Mmuso oa Borithane le Mmuso oa Soviet kaofela qetellong li ile tsa putlama kamora ho felloa ke chelete ke litšenyehelo tsa lintoa tsa bona. Ka mantsoe a hlabang a mofu Chalmers Johnson, ea ngotseng libuka tse tharo mabapi le ho putlama ha bokamoso ba Mmuso oa Amerika: "lintho tse ke keng tsa tsoela pele ka ho sa feleng, o seke oa li etsa."[xx]
Ho putlama ho tlang ha 'Muso oa Amerika ho ile ha totobatsoa ke bofetoheli bo Washington bo hlohlellelitsoeng ke Trump ka la 6 Pherekhong. Khetho likhethong tsa mopresidente oa 2016 e ne e le lipakeng tsa senokoane sa ntoa le lehlanya. Ke ile ka pheha khang ka nako eo hore lehlanya e ne e hlile e le khetho e ntle hobane Trump o ne a tla senya sistimi athe Hillary Clinton o ne a tla e silila le ho e lelefatsa.
Tlas'a boikaketsi ba "ho boloka Amerika e bolokehile," ho sebelisoa makholo a likete tsa lidolara ho libetsa tse se nang thuso. Hore US e lahlehetsoe ke ntoa e ngoe le e ngoe eo e e loanneng ho tloha Ntoeng ea Bobeli ea Lefatše ha ho bonahale ho le bohlokoa ha feela chelete e phallela ho Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing le likete tse ling tsa borakonteraka ba libetsa, hammoho le libanka le lik'hamphani tsa oli.[xxi]
Linaha tsa Amerika li sebelisitse $ 5.8 trillion feela ho libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho tloha ka 1940 ho fihlela qetellong ea Cold War ka 1990 mme selemong se fetileng ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho sebelisa $ 1.2 trillion e 'ngoe ho li ntlafatsa.[xxii] Tumellano ea Thibelo ea Tumellano ea Libetsa tsa Nyutlelie e ile ea fetoha molao oa machabeng ka la 22 Pherekhong 2021.
Isiraele e na le likhakanyo tsa ntoa ea nyutlelie tse hakantsoeng tse 80 tse lebisitsoeng Iran. Mopresidente Richard Nixon le Henry Kissinger ka 1969 ba ile ba qapa khopolo-taba ea hore "US e tla amohela boemo ba nyutlelie ba Isiraele ha feela Iseraele e sa e lumele phatlalatsa". [xxiii]
Joalokaha International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) e lumela, Iran e ile ea lahla litabatabelo tsa eona tsa ho etsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie khale joalo ka 2003 kamora hore MaAmerika a fanyehe Saddam Hussein, eo e neng e le "motho oa bona" Iraq. Ho tsitlella ha Isiraele hore Iran e kotsing ea khotso le polokeho ea machabeng ke leshano joalo ka bohlale ba bohata ba Isiraele ka 2003 mabapi le "libetsa tsa timetso e kholo" tsa Iraq.
Borithane "bo ile" ba fumana oli Persia (Iran) ka 1908, mme ba e tlatlapa. Kamora hore mmuso o khethiloeng ka demokrasi o phatlalatse indasteri ea oli ea Iran, mebuso ea Borithane le Amerika ka 1953 e ile ea hlophisa coup d'etat, mme ea ts'ehetsa bohatelli bo mabifi ba Shah ho fihlela a lihuoa nakong ea phetohelo ea Iran ea 1979.
Maamerika a ile a halefa (mme a lula). Ho iphetetsa le ho sebelisana 'moho le Saddam le mebuso e mengata (ho kenyeletsoa le khethollo ea Afrika Boroa), US ka boomo e ile ea hlohlelletsa ntoa ea lilemo tse robeli lipakeng tsa Iraq le Iran. Ha ho fanoa ka nalane eo le ho hlakola ha Trump ho hlakola Moralo o Kopanetsoeng oa Liketso (JCPOA), ha ho makatse ha Ma-Irani a belaela hakaalo ka boitlamo ba Amerika ba ho latela litumellano kapa litumellano.
Se kotsing ke karolo ea dolara ea Amerika joalo ka chelete e bolokiloeng ea lefats'e, le boikemisetso ba US ba ho qobella taolo ea eona ea lichelete le ea sesole lefats'eng lohle. Sena se boetse se hlalosa tšusumetso ea boiteko ba Trump ba ho hlohlelletsa phetohelo Venezuela, e nang le mehloli e meholohali ea oli lefatšeng.
Trump o ne a boletse ho 2016 hore o tla "tsoa mokhoabong" Washington. Sebakeng seo, nakong ea tebelo ea hae ea mopresidente, mokhoabong o ile oa fetoha mohohlo, joalo ka ha ho hlakisoa ke matsoho a hae a sebetsana le bahatelli ba Saudi Arabia, Israel le UAE hammoho le "tumellano ea hae ea khotso ea lekholo la lilemo" le Isiraele.[xxiv]
Mopresidente Joe Biden o kolota likhetho tsa hae ho khetho ea bakhethi ba Maafrika le Amerika "liprofinseng tse putsoa". Ka lebaka la merusu ya selemo sa 2020 le sekgahla sa maiteko a Black Lives Matter, le bofuma ba batho ba mahareng le ba sebetsang, bopresidente ba hae bo tla tlameha ho bea ka pele dintlha tsa ditokelo tsa botho ka hare ho naha, hape le ho nyahlatsa matjhabeng.
Kamora lilemo tse 20 tsa lintoa ho tloha ka la 9/11, US e ile ea hloloa ho feta Syria ke Russia le Iran ho la Iraq. Mme Afghanistan e boetse e netefalitse botumo ba eona ba nalane e le "lebitla la mebuso". Joaloka borokho ba mobu lipakeng tsa Asia, Yuropa le Afrika, Middle East e bohlokoa bakeng sa litabatabelo tsa China ho tiisa boemo ba eona ba nalane e le naha e hlahelletseng lefatšeng.
Ntoa e sa tsotelleng ea Isiraele / Saudi / US khahlano le Iran e kanna ea tsosa karolo ea Russia le China. Liphetho tsa lefats'e li ka ba tlokotsi bathong.
Khalefo ea lefats'e kamora polao ea moqolotsi oa litaba Jamal Khashoggi e ekelitsoe ke litšenolo tsa hore US le Borithane (hammoho le linaha tse ling ho kenyeletsoa le Afrika Boroa) ba ne ba ikemiselitse ho fa Saudi Arabia le UAE eseng libetsa feela empa hape le ho fana ka tšehetso ea thepa bakeng sa ntoa ea Saudi / UAE Yemen.
Biden o se a phatlalalitse hore kamano ea Amerika le Saudi Arabia e tla "nchafatsoa".[xxv] Ha a ntse a phatlalatsa hore "Amerika e Khutlile," linnete tse tobaneng le botsamaisi ba Biden ke mathata a lapeng. Batho ba mahareng le ba sebetsang ba futsanehile mme, ka lebaka la lintho tse tlang pele licheleteng tse fuoeng lintoa ho tloha ka la 9/11, meralo ea motheo ea Amerika e se e sa tsotelloe. Litemoso tsa Eisenhower ka 1961 joale lia netefatsoa.
Ho feta liperesente tse 50 tsa bajete ea Mmuso oa Federale oa US e sebelisetsoa ho lokisetsa lintoa, le litšenyehelo tse tsoelang pele tsa lichelete tsa lintoa tse fetileng. Lefatše le sebelisa $ 2 trillion selemo le selemo ho itokisetsa ntoa, boholo ba eona ke US le balekane ba eona ba NATO. Karolo ea eona e ka tšehetsa mathata a potlakileng a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho fokotsa bofuma le lintho tse ling tse tlang pele.
Ho tloha Ntoeng ea Yom Kippur ka 1973, oli ea OPEC e rekiloe ka lidolara tsa Amerika feela. Tumellanong eo Henry Kissinger a buisaneng ka eona, maemo a oli a Saudi a nkile sebaka sa maemo a khauta.[xxvi] Litlamorao tsa lefats'e li ne li le kholo, 'me li kenyeletsa:
- US le Borithane li tiisa lelapa la borena la Saudi khahlanong le bofetoheli ba malapeng,
- Oli ea OPEC e tlameha ho turu ka lidolara tsa Amerika feela, chelete e kenngoe libankeng tsa New York le London. Ka hona, dolara ke chelete ea polokelo ea lefatše ha lefatše lohle le tšehetsa tsamaiso ea banka ea Amerika le moruo, le lintoa tsa Amerika,
- Banka ea England e tsamaisa "Saudi Arabia slush fund," eo sepheo sa eona e leng ho tšehetsa chelete e sirelletsang linaha tse ruileng tsa lisebelisoa Asia le Afrika. Haeba Iraq, Iran, Libya kapa Venezuela li batla ho pataloa ka li-Euro kapa khauta ho fapana le lidolara, litlamorao ke "phetoho ea puso".
Ka lebaka la maemo a oli a Saudi, tšebeliso ea sesole sa US e bonahalang e se na moeli e hlile e lefelloa ke lefats'e lohle. Sena se kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tsa libaka tse ka bang 1 000 tsa US lefats'eng ka bophara, sepheo sa tsona e le ho netefatsa hore US e nang le liperesente tse 'ne feela tsa baahi ba lefats'e ba ka boloka bokhabane ba eona ba sesole le ba lichelete. Hoo e ka bang 34 ea metheo eo e Afrika, tse peli tsa tsona li le Libya.[xxvii]
"Selekane se Mahlo a mahlano" sa linaha tse tšoeu tse buang Senyesemane (se nang le US, Borithane, Canada, Australia le New Zealand le tseo Isiraele e leng setho sa de facto) li ikhohomositse tokelo ea ho kenella kae kapa kae lefatšeng. NATO e ile ea kenella hampe Libya ka 2011 kamora hore Muammar Gaddafi a batle tefo ea khauta bakeng sa oli ea Libya ho fapana le lidolara.
Ha US e putlama moruong le Chaena e nyoloha, meaho e joalo ea sesole le ea lichelete ha e tšoanele morero bakeng sa 21st lekholo la lilemo, ebile ha le theko e tlase. Kamora ho eketsa koluoa ea lichelete ea 2008 ka phokotso e kholo ea libanka ho Wall le Wall Street, seoa sa Covid hammoho le litheko tse kholo tsa lichelete li potlakisitse ho putlama ha Mmuso oa Amerika.
E lumellana le nnete ea hore US ha e sa le morekisi ea ka sehloohong oa thepa ea naha le ea itšetlehileng ka oli ea Middle East. US e nkeloe sebaka ke China, eo hape e leng mokoloto o moholo ka ho fetisisa Amerika ebile e le ea tšoereng Likoloto tsa Lichelete tsa Amerika. Litlamorao bakeng sa Isiraele joalo ka naha ea bajaki ba bokolone lefats'eng la Maarabia e tla ba kholo hang ha "ntate-moholo" a sa khone ho kenella kapa ho se kenelle.
Litheko tsa khauta le oli e ne e le barometer eo likhohlano tsa machaba li neng li lekantsoe ka eona. Theko ea khauta ha e eme 'me theko ea oli le eona e fokola ha moruo oa Saudi o le maqakabetsing a maholo.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, theko ea li-bitcoins e thekeselitse - ho tloha ho $ 1 000 ha Trump a qala ho sebetsa ka 2017 ho isa ho $ 58 000 ka la 20 Hlakola. Le libanka tsa New York ka tšohanyetso li bonts'a hore theko ea li-bitcoin e ka ba ea fihla ho $ 200 000 mafelong a 2021 ha dolara ea Amerika e ntse e theoha, mme sistimi e ncha ea lichelete ea lefats'e e tsoa moferefereng.[xxviii]
Terry Crawford-Browne o joalo World BEYOND War Mohokahanyi oa Naha - Afrika Boroa, le sengoli sa Eye on the Money (2007), Eye on the Diamonds, (2012) le Eye on the Gold (2020).
[I] Kersten Knipp, "Lab: MaPalestina joaloka Likolobe tsa Guinea?" Deutsche Welle / Qantara de 2013, la 10 Tšitoe 2013.
[Ii] Database ea Isiraele ea Sesole le Ts'ireletso (DIMSA). Komiti ea Ts'ebeletso ea Metsoalle ea Amerika, Pulungoana 2020. https://www.dimse.info/
[Iii] Judah Ari Gross, "Kamora hore makhotla a qete ho fana ka qeto mabapi le thekiso ea libetsa ho la Myanmar, baitseki ba kopa boipelaetso," Times of Israel, 28 Loetse 2017.
[Iv] Owen Bowcott le Rebecca Ratcliffe, "Lekhotla le kaholimo-limo la UN le laela Myanmar ho sireletsa Rohingya khahlanong le Genocide, The Guardian, 23 Pherekhong 2020.
[V] Richard Silverstein, "Bareki ba Libetsa tsa Maiketsetso ba Isiraele," Makasine ea Jacobin, Pulungoana 2018.
[vi] MONGOLI OA MOSEBETSI: Jeff Halper, Ntoa khahlanong le Batho: Isiraele, Mapalestina le Global Pacification, Pluto Press, London 2015
[vii] Ben Hallman, "Mabaka a mahlano a hobaneng Luanda Leaks e le kholo ho feta Angola," Consortium ea Machaba ea Baqolotsi ba Lipatlisiso (ICIJ), la 5 Pherekhong 21.
[viii] Reuters, "Angola e nka thepa ea eona e amanang le Dos Santos Lekhotleng la Dutch," Times Live, la 8 Hlakola 2021.
[ix] Global Witness, "billionaire ea tsekisano Dan Gertler o bonahala a sebelisitse marang-rang a belaelloang a lichelete tsa lichelete ho qoba likotlo tsa US le ho fumana bafani ba merafo ba macha DRC," la 2 Phupu 2020.
[x] Human Rights Watch, “Lengolo le kopaneng le eang ho US mabapi le laesense ea Dan Gertler (Che. GLOMAG-2021-371648-1), la 2 Hlakola 2021.
[xi] Sean Clinton, "Ts'ebetso ea Kimberley: Indasteri ea taemane ea mali ea lidolara tse libilione," Middle East Monitor, 19 Pulungoana 2019.
[xii] Tetra Tech lebitsong la US AID, "Artisanal Diamond Mining Sector ho la Côte D'Ivoire," Mphalane 2012.
[xiii] Greg Campbell, Li-diamond tsa Mali: Ho latela Tsela e Kotsi ea Majoe a Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa Lefatšeng, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 2002.
[xiv] Sam Sole, "Lenaneo la bakhethi ba Zim matsohong a k'hamphani e belaetsang ea Isiraele," Mail le Guardian, la 12 Mmesa 2013.
[xv] Joe Roeber, "Hard-Wired For Corrupt," Prospect Magazine, la 28 Phato 2005
[xvi] Phil Miller, "Ho senotsoe: Lelapa la borena la Borithane le kopane le bahatelli ba Middle East makhetlo a fetang 200 ho tloha ha selemo sa Arabia se qhoma lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng," Daily Maverick, la 23 Hlakola 2021.
[xvii] Sasha Polakow-Suransky Selekane se sa Buoeng: Likamano tsa Lekunutu tsa Isiraele le Khethollo ea Afrika Boroa, Jacana Media, Motse Kapa, 2010.
[xviii] Ken Owen, Sunday Times, la 25 Phuptjane 1995.
[xix] Anthony Sampson, "Mohale ho tloha Mehleng ea Linatla," Cape Times, la 10 Tšitoe 2013.
[xx] Chalmers Johnson (ea hlokahetseng ka 2010) o ngotse libuka tse ngata. Tsela ea hae ea ho bua ka 'Muso oa Amerika, Pholoso (2004), Litlhoko tsa 'Muso (2004) le Nemesis (2007) tsepamisa mohopolo ho putlameng ha 'Muso nakong e tlang ka lebaka la sesole sa eona se sa tsotelleng. Puisano ea video ea metsotso e 52 e hlahisitsoeng ka 2018 ke ponelopele e nang le temohisiso ebile e fumaneha mahala mahala. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwFm64_uXA
[xxi] Monghali Hartung, Baprofeta ba Ntoa: Lockheed Martin le Ho etsoa ha Sesole sa Liindasteri sa Sesole, 2012
[xxii] Hart Rapaport, "Mmuso oa Amerika o rerile ho sebelisa chelete e fetang lidolara tse libilione ho Nuclear Weapons," Columbia K = 1 Project, Center for Nuclear Study, 9 Phupu 2020
[xxiii] Avner Cohen le William Burr, “Na ha u rate hore Isiraele e na le bomo? Blame Nixon, ”Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha, la 12 Loetse 2014.
[xxiv] Interactive Al Jazeera.com, "Morero oa Trump oa Bochabela bo Hare le Lilemo Tse Lekholo tsa Liketso tse Hlotsoeng," 28 Pherekhong 2020.
[xxv] Becky Anderson, "US ka thoko ho Crown Prince ka ho ts'oaroa hape le Saudi Arabia," CNN, 17 Hlakola 2021
[xxvi] F. William Engdahl, Lilemo tse lekholo tsa ntoa: Lipolotiki tsa oli ea Anglo-American le New World Order, 2011.
[xxvii] Nick Turse, "Sesole sa US se re se na le 'mehato e bobebe Afrika: Litokomane tsena li bonts'a marang-rang a mangata." The Intercept, 1 Tšitoe 2018.
[xxviii] “Na Lefatše le Lokela ho Amohela Lichelete tsa Marang-rang?” Al Jazeera: Pale ea Kahare, la 12 Hlakola 2021.
