Re le baemeli ba leshome le metso e tšeletseng ba emelang mekhatlo ea khotso e tsoang lefats'eng lohle, re se re tlohile Asia, Pacific, Europe le Amerika Leboea ho ea kopana le Foramo ea Basali ea Vancouver ka Khotso le Ts'ireletso hloahloeng ea Korea, ketsahalo e neng e ts'oaretsoe ka kopanelo le Leano la Kantle ho Naha la Canada ho nts'etsapele qeto ea khotso ea koluoa Hloahloeng ea Korea. Likotlo le ho itšehla thajana ho sitiloe ho thibela lenaneo la libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa Korea Leboea mme ho e-na le hoo li utloisitse sechaba sa North Korea bohloko. Hloahloeng ea Korea e se nang libetsa tsa nyutlelie e tla fumaneha feela ka ho kopanela ka tieo, puisano e hahang le tšebelisano. Re fana ka likhothaletso tse latelang ho Matona a Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha tse nkang karolo Kopanong ea Pherekano ea 16 ea Pherekhong mabapi le Ts'ireletseho le Khokahano Phuleng ea Korea:
- Hanghang kenya letsoho mekhahlelong e metle lipuisanong, ntle le lipehelo, ho sebeletsa ho fihlela peninsula ea Korea e senang nyutlelie;
- Ts'ehetso ea Abandon bakeng sa leano la khatello e phahameng, ho phahamisa likotlo tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe ho batho ba Korea Leboea, ho sebeletsa ho rarolla likamano tsa lipuisano, ho tlosa litšitiso tsa boitlamo ba baahi le ho matlafatsa ts'ebelisano ea batho;
- Eketsa moea oa sepheo sa Liolimpiki mme o tiisetse ho qalella ha puisano ea ma-Korea ka ho ts'ehetsa: i) lipuisano tsa ho emisoa ho tsoelang pele ha boikoetliso bo kopaneng ba sesole sa US-ROK ka boroa, le ho emisoa ho tsoelang pele ha liteko tsa nyutlelie le tsa metsu ka leboea. ii) boitlamo ba ho se tsamaise setlamo sa pele, nyutlelie kapa se tloaelehileng, le iii) ts'ebetso ea ho nkela Tumellano ea Armistice Tumellano ea Khotso ea Korea;
- Latela litlhahiso tsohle tsa Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso mabapi le Basali, Khotso le Ts'ireletseho. Haholo-holo re u khothaletsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong Qeto ea Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la Machaba a Kopaneng 1325, e amohelang hore ho nka karolo ha basali ka botlalo mehatong eohle ea tharollo ea likhohlano le khotso ho matlafatsa khotso le ts'ireletso ho bohle.
Litlhahiso tsena li ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba rona ba nako e telele ba ho sebetsana le Makorea a Leboea ka mananeo a bosebeletsi ba sechaba, le ho tsoa boitsebisong ba rona bo mabapi le ntoa ea sesole, libetsa tsa nyutlelie, likotlo tsa moruo le theko ea motho ea Ntoa ea Korea e sa rarolloang. Summit ke khopotso e bohloko ea hore linaha tse bokaneng li na le boikarabello ba nalane le boits'oaro ba ho felisa Ntoa ea Korea ka molao. Boitlamo ba ho se ts'oara lets'oao la pele bo ka fokotsa tsitsipano ka ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea tlhaselo le kotsi ea ho bala ka mokhoa o fosahetseng e ka lebisang ts'ebetsong ea nyutlelie ka boomo kapa ka boomo. Ho rarolla Ntoa ea Korea e ka ba ketso e atlehang ka ho fetisisa ea ho emisa sesole se matla sa Northeast Asia, se sokelang khotso ea batho ba limilione tse likete ba 1.5 sebakeng seo. Tharollo ea khotso ea koluoa ea nyutlelie ea Korea ke bohato ba bohlokoa ho feliseng libetsa tsa nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara. 2
TLHOKOMELISO TSE FUMANA LITLHAKISO TSA BASEBETSI BA BANG
- Hanghang kenya letsoho mekhahlelong e metle lipuisanong, ntle le lipehelo, ho sebeletsa ho fihlela peninsula ea Korea e senang nyutlelie;
- Eketsa moea oa mokoloto oa Liolimpiki le ho tiisa tšehetso ea puisano ea ma-Korea ka ho qala: i) ho emisoa ho tsoelang pele ha boikoetliso bo kopaneng ba sesole sa US-ROK ka boroa, ii) boitlamo ba ho se tsamaise lets'oao la pele, nyutlelie kapa kopano e tloaelehileng; le iii) mohato oa ho nkela tumellano ea Armistice tumellanong le Tumellano ea Khotso ea Korea;
2018 e tšoaea mokete oa 65th oa Tumellano ea Armistice, ts'ebetso ea ho emisa e saenneng ke balaoli ba sesole ba tsoang DPRK, PRC, le US lebitsong la Taolo ea UN e etelletsoeng pele ke US.1 Ho bokella baemeli ba lichaba ba rometseng mabotho, masole, lingaka, baoki le thuso ea bongaka mokgatlong oa sesole o etelletsoeng pele ke US nakong ea Ntoa ea Korea, Seboka sa Vancouver se fana ka monyetla oa ho etsa boiteko bo kopaneng ho ts'ehetsa ho fihlela tumellano ea khotso, ho phethahatsa boitlamo bo boletsoeng tlasa Article IV ea Armistice. Ka Phupu 27, 1953, Matona a 16 a Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha a ile a saena selelekela ho Armistice e tiisang: "Re tla ts'ehetsa boikemisetso ba Machaba a Kopaneng ba ho tlisa tikoloho e leka-lekaneng Korea ho latela melaoana eo e leng khale e thehiloe ke Machaba a Kopaneng. e batlang Korea e kopaneng, e ikemetseng le ea demokrasi. ”Kopano ea Vancouver ke khopotso e ntle empa e bohlokoa ea hore linaha tse bokaneng li na le boikarabello ba nalane le boits'oaro ba ho felisa Ntoa ea Korea ka molao.
Boitlamo ba ho se ts'oara lets'oao la pele bo ka mpefatsa tsitsipano ka ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho nyoloha kapa ho ba le boitšoaro bo sa ts'oaneng bo ka bakang ts'ebetso ea nyutlelie ka boomo kapa ka boomo. Joalo ka ha ba tekena ho Charter ea UN, linaha tseo e leng litho li kopuoa ho rarolla liqabang ka mekhoa ea khotso.2 Ho feta moo, tlhaselo ea sesole sa pele ho sesole sa Korea Leboea, leha ho le joalo e lekantsoe, e kanna ea tsosa ntoa e kholo le ho fella ka kakaretso ntoa e tloaelehileng kapa ea nyutlelie Hloahloeng ea Korea. US DRM Research Service e hakanya hore, ka lihora tse 'maloa feela tsa ntoa, tse ka bang 300,000 li tla bolaoa. Ntle le moo, maphelo a batho ba limilione tse mashome a ne a tla ba kotsing ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli a karohano ea Korea, mme ba limilione tse makholo ba ne ba tla ameha ka kotloloho sebakeng sohle le ho feta.
Ho rarolla Ntoa ea Korea e ka ba mohato o le mong o sebetsang ho fetisisa oa ho emisa sesole se matla sa Leboea-bochabela Asia, 3 e sokelang khotso le polokeho ea batho ba limilione tse likete tse 1.5 tikolohong eo. Ho aha ha sesole ho hoholo ho amme bophelo ba batho ba lulang haufi le metheo ea sesole sa US, Okinawa, Japane, Philippines, Korea Boroa, Guam le Hawaii. Seriti, litokelo tsa botho, le tokelo e kopaneng ea boikhethelo ba batho linaheng tsena li hataketsoe ke sesole. Masimo le maoatle a bona ao ba a iphelisang ka ona le a nang le moetlo le nalane ea nalane, a laoloa ke sesole mme a silafalitsoe ke ts'ebetso ea sesole. Tlhekefetso ea thobalano e etsoa ke masole khahlano le sechaba se amohelang baeti, haholo basali le banana, mme tumelo ea ts'ebeliso ea matla ho rarolla liqabang e khothalelitsoe ka matla ho boloka ho se lekane hoa bapatriareka ho bopehileng lichabeng ho pota lefatše.
- Ts'ehetso ea Abandon bakeng sa leano la khatello e phahameng, ho phahamisa likotlo tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe ho batho ba Korea Leboea, ho sebeletsa ho rarolla likamano tsa lipuisano, ho tlosa litšitiso tsa boitlamo ba baahi le ho matlafatsa ts'ebelisano ea batho;
Matona a kantle ho naha a tlameha ho shebana le litlamorao tsa likotlo tse eketsehileng tsa UNSC le likotlo tse kopaneng khahlanong le DPRK, e seng e eketsehile ka bongata le ho teba. Ha babuelli ba likotlo ba ba nka e le mokhoa o mong oa khotso o ka nkang ts'ebetso ea sesole, likotlo li na le tšusumetso e mabifi le tlokotsi ho sechaba, joalo ka ha ho bonahatsoa ke likotlo khahlano le Iraq ho li-1990, tse lebisitseng ho lefu la pele ho nako la makholo a likete a bana ba Iraq.4 UNSC e tsitlallela hore likotlo tsa UN khahlano le Korea Leboea ha li shejoe ho baahi, 5 leha ho le joalo bopaki bo supa se fapaneng. Ho latela tlaleho ea 2017 UNICEF, liperesente tsa 28 tsa bana bohle ba lilemo tse hlano le ba tlasa mathata ho tloha ho tlase ho isa ho ts'oenyeho e matla.6 Ha UNSC Resolution 2375 e amohela "litlhoko tse kholo" tsa baahi ba DPRK, e beha boikarabello bakeng sa litlhoko tsena tse sa hlokeng letho le mmuso oa DPRK 'me ha ho moo ho buuoang ka tšusumetso kapa likheo tsa likotlo ka bo tsona.
Ho ntseng ho eketseha, likotlo tsena li shebile moruo oa sechaba ho DPRK mme ka hona ba ka ba le litlamorao tse ling tse mpe maphelong a batho. Mohlala, ho thibeloa ha thepa ea ho reka liphahlo le ho romella basebetsi kantle ho naha ho ama mekhoa eo ka eona baahi ba tloaelehileng ba DPRK ba fumanang lisebelisoa ho tšehetsa mesebetsi ea bona ea boipheliso. Ntle le moo, mehato ea morao-rao e ikemiselitseng ho thibela tlhahiso ea DPRK ea lihlahisoa tsa oli e beha likotsi tse ling tse mpe bathong.
Ho ea ka David von Hippel le Peter Hayes ,: "Litlamorao tsa mantlha tsa karabelo ho khaolo ea lihlahisoa tsa oli le oli e tla ba boiketlong; batho ba tla qobelloa ho tsamaea kapa ho se sisinyehe ho hang, le ho sututsa libese ho fapana le ho li palama. Ho tla ba le leseli le fokolang malapeng ka lebaka la parafine e nyane, le phepelo ea motlakase e nyane. Ho tla ba le ho rengoa ha meru ho eketsehileng ho hlahisa biomass le mashala a sebelisoang liifising tsa khase ho tsamaisa literaka, ho lebisang khoholehong e ngata, likhohola, lijalo tse fokolang tsa lijo le tlala e ngata. Ho tla ba le peterole e fokolang ea pompo ea metsi ho nosetsa masimo a raese, ho sebetsana le lijalo ho ba lijo, ho tsamaisa lijo le litlhoko tse ling tsa lapeng, le ho tsamaisa lihlahisoa tsa temo ho li isa limmarakeng pele li senyeha. ” bakeng sa Korea Leboea e fana ka mehlala e 7 moo likotloho li sitisitseng mosebetsi oa liphallelo, 42 e sa tsoa tiisoa ke moemeli oa UN oa Sweden. mekhoa ea banka eo ka eona ho fetisoang lichelete tsa ts'ebetso. Ba boetse ba tobane le tieho kapa lithibelo khahlano le phumants'o ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa bongaka le lihlahisoa tsa meriana, hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa temo le phepelo ea metsi.
Katleho ea likotlo khahlano le DPRK e shebahala e fuoe 'nete ea hore ho buloa ha lipuisano lipakeng tsa US le Korea Leboea ho latela boikemisetso ba DPRK boitlamong ba demokrasi. Kemiso ena ha e rarolle lisosa tsa mantlha tsa lenaneo la nyutlelie la DPRK, e leng tlhaho e sa rarolloang ea Ntoa ea Korea le tsitsipano e ntseng e eketseha le e ntseng e phahama tikolohong eo, eo nako e telele e rerileng lenaneo la nyutlelie la DPRK mme ka karolo e 'ngoe e ka nkuoang e le lebaka la bohlokoa hore e fumane bokhoni ba nyutlelie. Sebakeng seo, re kopa lipuisano, ho kenyelletsa lipuisano tsa 'nete, likamano tse tloaelehileng, le qalo ea ts'ebelisano' moho, meaho ea ts'epo e nang le monyetla oa ho theha le ho boloka tikoloho e tsitsitseng ea lipolotiki bakeng sa maqhama a ho iphetetsa le a molemo sebakeng le bakeng sa thibelo le tharollo ea pele ea likhohlano tse ka bang teng.
- Latela litlhahiso tsohle tsa Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso mabapi le Basali, Khotso le Ts'ireletseho. Haholo-holo re u khothaletsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong Qeto ea Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la Machaba a Kopaneng 1325, e amohelang hore ho nka karolo ha basali ka botlalo mehatong eohle ea tharollo ea likhohlano le khotso ho matlafatsa khotso le ts'ireletso ho bohle.
Boithuto ba lefats'e ba ho hlahloba lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano tsa ts'ebetsong ea 1325 UNSCR e fana ka bopaki bo felletseng ba hore karolo e lekanang ea basali ho nka karolo le ho leka-lekana boitekong ba khotso le ts'ireletso e bohlokoa ho khotso e tsitsitseng.
Tlhahlobo, e nkile lilemo tse mashome a mararo tsa mekhoa ea khotso e mashome a mane, e bonts'a hore 182 e saenetse tumellano ea khotso, tumellano e ile ea fihleloa hohle ntle le nyeoe e le 'ngoe ha lihlopha tsa basali li susumetsa ts'ebetso ea khotso. Seboka sa basebeletsi se latela ho qalisoa ha Moralo oa Naha oa Canada oa Ts'ebetso ho UNSCR 1325, o bonts'ang boitlamo ho kenyelletsong ea basali maemong ohle a ts'ebetso ea khotso. Kopano ena ke monyetla oa mebuso eohle ho netefatsa hore basali ba nka karolo mahlakoreng a mabeli a tafole. Dinaha tseo li leng teng Sebokeng le Leano la Basali ba Kantle ho Naha li lokela ho abela chelete mekhatlong ea basali le mekhatlong ea bona ho nts'etsapele bokhoni ba bona ba ho nka karolo.
KE HOBANE'NG HA RE BATLA TUMELLANO EA KHOTSO E HO FINYELLA NTLE YA KOREAN
2018 e tšoaea lilemo tse mashome a supileng ho tloha phatlalatso ea linaha tse peli tse arohaneng tsa Korea, Rephabliki ea Korea (ROK) ka boroa le Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) leboea. Korea e ne e amohuoe borena kamora ho lokoloha Japane, mohatelli oa eona oa bokolone, mme ho fapana le moo e ile ea aroloa ka matla ke mebuso ea Cold War. Ho ile ha qhoma moferefere lipakeng tsa mebuso ea Korea e neng e hlolisana, 'me ho kenella ha mabotho a kantle ho naha ho ile ha etsa hore Ntoa ea Korea e be teng. Kamora lilemo tse tharo tsa ntoa, ho shoele batho ba fetang limilione tse tharo, le tšenyo e felletseng ea Hloahloeng ea Korea, ho ile ha saennoa ka mollo, empa ha ho mohla ho fetohileng tumellano ea khotso, joalo ka ha ho ts'episitsoe ke ba saenneng ho Tumellano ea Sesole. Joaloka basali ba tsoang lichabeng tse ileng tsa nka karolo Ntoeng ea Korea, re lumela hore lilemo tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e mehlano li telele haholo hore mollo o ka emisa. Ho ba sieo ha tumellano ea khotso ho amme tsoelo-pele ho demokrasi, litokelo tsa botho, nts'etsopele, le kopano ea malapa a Makorea a arohaneng ka mokhoa o bohloko bakeng sa meloko e meraro.
o re:
1 E le ntlha ea tokiso ea nalane, Taolo ea UN ha se mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng, empa ke koporasi ea sesole e etelletsoeng pele ke United States. Ka Phupu 7, 1950, Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la Machaba a Kopaneng 84 e khothalelitse litho tse fanang ka sesole le thuso e 'ngoe Korea Boroa "ho etsa bonnete ba hore mabotho le thuso e ngoe e fumaneha ka taelo e kopaneng tlasa United States." Lichaba tse latelang li ile tsa romela mabotho ho ikopanya le US- e etelletse pele kopanelo ea sesole: British Commonwealth, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, Fora, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand le Turkey. Aforika Borwa e nehelane ka diyuniti tsa moya. Denmark, India, Norway le Sweden li fane ka lingaka tsa bongaka. Italy e ile ea tšehetsa sepetlele. Ho 1994, Mongoli-Kakaretso oa UN Boutros Boutros-Ghali o hlalositse, "Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso ha le a theha taelo e kopaneng e le setho se kopanetsoeng tlasa taolo ea eona, empa e khothaletse feela ho theha taelo e joalo, e hlakisa hore e tlasa taolo ea ba United States. Ka hona, ho felisoa ha taelo e kopaneng ha ho na boikarabello ba mokhatlo o mong le o mong oa Machaba a Kopaneng empa ke taba e ka tlisoang ke 'Muso oa United States. ”
2 Charter e thibela tšokelo kapa tšebeliso ea matla ntle le maemong ao ho neng ho lumelletsoe ka nepo qeto ea Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso kapa maemong a ho itšireletsa ho loketseng. Ho itšireletsa pele ho matla ho ka etsahala feela ha ho tobane le litšokelo tse haufi, ha tlhoko ea ho itšireletsa e "hang hang, e sithabetsa, e sa tlohele mekhoa, ebile e se na motsotso oa ho nahanisisa" ho latela semelo sa Caroline. Ka hona e tla ba tlolo ea molao oa moetlo oa machabeng oa ho hlasela Korea Leboea ha feela o sa itlhaselle 'me ha feela ho sa na le menyetla e meng e lokelang ho lateloa.
3 Ho ea ka Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 2015 Asia e bone "keketseho e kholo" ts'ebelisong ea sesole. Ho bosholu ba sesole ba leshome ba phahameng, linaha tse nne li fumaneha Northeast Asia mme li qetile tse latelang ho 2015: China $ 215 billion, Russia $ 66.4 billion, Japan $ 41 billion, South Korea $ 36.4 billion. Morekisi ea phahameng oa sesole lefats'e, United States, o sebelisa matla ana kaofela a mane leboea-bochabela ho Asia ka $ 596 billion.
4 Barbara Crossette, "Lits'ebetso tsa Iraq li bolaea bana, litlaleho tsa UN", 1st ea la December 1995, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/01/world/iraq-sanctions-kill- watoto- pe-peis.html
5 UNSC 2375 "… ha e reretsoe ho ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa botho bakeng sa baahi ba DPRK kapa ho ama hampe kapa ho thibela mesebetsi eo, ho kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea moruo le tšebelisano, thuso ea lijo le thuso ea batho, tse sa thibeloang (………) le mosebetsi oa mekhatlo ea machabeng le e seng ea 'muso e thusang liphallelo ho DPRK molemong oa baahi ba DPRK. ”
6 UNICEF "Naha ea Bana ba Lefatše 2017." Https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC_2017_ENG_WEB.pdf
7 Peter Hayes le David von Hippel, "Likotlohelo tsa kantle ho naha tsa oli ea Korea Leboea: litlamorao le katleho", Litlaleho tse Khethehileng tsa NAPSNet, Loetse 05, 2017, https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/ oli ea korea leboea-kantle ho naha e na le litlamorao-le katleho /
8 Chad O'Carroll, "Kameho e Tebileng mabapi le Liphetoho ho Ts'ireletso ho Korea Leboea Mosebetsi oa Thuso: UN DPRK Rep", Pherekhong 7, 2017, https://www.nknews.org/2017/12/serious-concern-about-sanctions -impact-on-leboea-korea-thuso-ea-sa-dprk-rep /
Matšoenyeho a 9 mabapi le litlamorao tse mpe tsa likotlo tsa batho a hlahisitsoe ke Moemeli oa Sweden ho UNSC sebokeng sa tšohanyetso ka December 2017: "Mehato e amohetsoeng ke lekhotla ha e e-so ka ea rereloa ho ba le phello e mpe ho thuso ea botho, ka hona e tlaleha hore Likotlo li na le khokahano e bohloko
