"Mohlomong ntoa ea Afghanistan e kanna ea bonoa e le mekhoa e meholo ea taolo ea bajaki maetong a makhutšoane a nang le lintho tse tlang pele" - Rory Stewart
Ke Hanna Qadir, Columbia University (Excellence Fellow), Phupu 15, 2020
Phatlalatso ea Washington ea ho tlosoa ha mabotho a ho qetela a Amerika ho la Afghanistan ka la 31 Phato, e bakile maikutlo a arohaneng a Amerika, ka Patlisiso ea Univesithi ea Quinnipiac e bonts'a halofo ea MaAmerika a re a amohela qeto eo, liperesente tsa 29 ha li amohele 'me liperesente tsa 9 li fana ka nyehelo ha ho maikutlo.[1] Boemong ba lithuso qeto ena (hammoho le sephetho sa phuputso) e hloka hore ho bonahale leano le tebileng la leano la sesole la USA le tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli tsa ts'ebeliso ea koporasi ea Bophirimela Afghanistan. Ka chelete e sebelisang $ 2trn ntoeng,[2] tahlehelo ea mabotho a likete tsa Bophirimela hammoho le lefu la Maafghans a mashome a likete (masole le baahi ka ho tšoana), motho o tlameha ho hlahloba hore na ntoa ea Afghanistan e ne e loketse ho loanoa, mme le Biden o lumela hore ho ke ke ha ba le "thomo e phethetsoeng" motsotso ho keteka. Joale tšusumetso ea nako e telele ea e 'ngoe ea lintoa tse telele ka ho fetesisa historing le tlhahlobo ke efe haeba phetoho ea sechaba e ka be e fumanehile ha bonolo ka leano la ho aha khotso le shebaneng le khotso "ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo? ”[3] Na batho ba moo ba kenang molemong oa lipuisano oa ho aha khotso e ka ba khetho e ntle ho feta ntoa e senyang le e tšollang mali e nkileng lilemo tse mashome a mabeli?
Moruti oa Borithane ebile e kile ea e-ba Letona la Litaba tsa Mahaeng, Stewart, o hlalosa ntoa ea Afghanistan le mehato e ileng ea latela ea likhohlano e le "litšekamelo tsa taolo e nyane ea basele maetong a makhutšoane ka lintho tse tlang pele" [4] ho ts'oara tumelo ea hore leoto le boima la sesole sa Amerika ha e le hantle ha le na phello, ho baka keketseho ho fapana le ho fokotseha ha pefo. Ho nka nyatso ena mohato o tsoelang pele ho lumella ho theoa ha mokhoa o mong oa ho aha khotso ka maano a shebaneng le beng ba lehae le kananelo ea hore na matla a ho lekanya matla le ho se lekane lipakeng tsa batšoantšisi ba machabeng le baahi ba ka hare ho naha le mekhatlo ea sechaba e hloka ho hlahlojoa hantle ho lumella bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntle ea phetoho ea likhohlano.
Haeba motho a khutlisa nalane, ho bonolo ho hlakisa liphoso tse tsoelang pele tsa mehato e mengata e sa sebetseng ea sesole ho sa natsoe lipolelo tse sa feleng tsa maikutlo a hore ntoa e ke ke ea qojoa, ea hlokahala ebile ea utloahala. Tabeng ea Afghanistan, motho a ka ba a re ho tsetela ha chelete le lisebelisoa ho hlile ho lemalitse naha, ho arohantse Maafghan le ho potlakisa ho theoa ha bobolu le litšila. Ho sebelisa lense ea matla ea matla e totobatsa karolo ea boits'oaro tharollong ea likhohlano tse mabifi. Boemo bo joalo bo lumela ka tieo ts'ebelisong ea lisebelisoa tsa setso tsa tharollo ea likhohlano le mokhoa o bobebe oa ho rala mekhoa ea machabeng, molemong oa toka e kopaneng ea sechaba. Ntle le moo, likamano tsa matla li hloka ho bonts'a ka botlalo karolo ea boikemelo lipakeng tsa li-NGO tsa machabeng (hangata ka lichelete tsa bafani) le batšoantšisi ba lehae; ho boloka leruo la tsebo ea lehae empa ho se na chelete. Kutloisiso e tebileng ea ts'usumetso le khokahano lipakeng tsa mehato ea naha le ea lehae ea khotso, le katleho ea e eketsang menyetla ea katleho ho e 'ngoe, e kanna ea ba ntlha ea bohlokoa ea litšupiso. Ho aha khotso ea lehae ha se leqhubu la boloi mme hore e atlehe ho hloka kananelo bakeng sa meeli e kang ho matlafatsa litsamaiso tsa bolaoli kapa bapatriareka; ekasitana le ho hokahanya litlamorao tsa maemo a moruo oa lipolotiki a Afghanistan ts'ebetsong efe kapa efe ea nakong e tlang.
Ke nako ea ho phephetsa holimo ho ea tlase paradigm ea mekhahlelo ea motho e mong ea tsoang kantle ho naha ea sebapali ka ho bula monyetla oa ho ba le phetoho e tsoetseng pele ea likhohlano le mokhoa oa ho hlophisa bocha ho ananelang tlhoko ea tharollo ea likhohlano ea malapeng le bolekane bo tsamaisoang ke lehae.[5] Ketsahalong ena mohlomong balebeli ba liheke ba 'nete ba ho theha maano a ho kena lipakeng Afghanistan ke litsebi tsa litaba tsa Maafghani tse nang le tsebo ea litloaelo tsa lehae, ho nka karolo ha boetapele ba sechaba le bofetoheli ba lehae, eseng mabotho a kantle ho naha. Ka mantsoe a Autesserre, sengoli le mofuputsi oa Mofora le Moamerika o re: "Ke ka ho shebisisa feela mehato e mecha ea ho theha, eo hangata e sebelisang mekhoa eo batho ba phahameng sechabeng ba atisang ho e lahla, re ka fetolang tsela eo re talimang le ho haha ka eona khotso. ” [6]
[1] Sonmez, F, (2021, Phupu) "Geroge W. Bush o re ho felisa thomo ea sesole sa US Afghanistan ke phoso." E khutlisitsoe ho The Washington Post.
[2] Economist, (2021, Phupu) "Ntoa ea Amerika ho la Afghanistan e fella ka ho hloloa habohloko." E khutlisitsoe ho https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/07/10/americas-longest-war-is-ending-in-crushing-defeat
[3] Reese, L. (2016) "Khotso e tsoang Tlase holimo: Maano le Liphephetso tsa Botho ba Lehae ho Dialogue Thehiloe Ho aha Merero ea" Ho Shifting Paradigms, e hlophisitsoeng ke Johannes Lukas Gartner, 23-31. New York: Botho ho Action Press.
[4] Stewart, R. (2011, Phupu). "Nako ea ho felisa ntoa Afghanistan" [Video File]. E nkiloe ho https://www.ted.com/talks/rory_stewart_time_to_end_the_war_in_afghanistan?language=en
[5] Reich, H. (2006, Pherekhong 31). "'Beng ba Libaka' Mererong ea Phetoho ea Khohlano: Ts'ebelisano 'moho, Karolo kapa Ts'ehetso?" Pampiri ea linako tse ling ea Berghof, che. 27 (Setsi sa Patlisiso sa Berghof sa Tsamaiso ea Kgohlano e Hahang, Loetse 2006), E khutlisitsoe ho http://www.berghoffoundation.org/fileadmin/ redaktion / Publications / Papers / Ketsahalo
[6] Autesserre, S. (2018, Mphalane 23). "Ho na le Tsela e 'Ngoe ea ho Aha Khotso' me ha e Tlohe ho ba Holimo-limo." E khutlisitsoe ho Monkey Cage bakeng sa The Washington Post.
