Peter Kuznick mabapi le Bohlokoa ba Tumellano ea Thibelo ea Libetsa tsa Nyutlelie

By World BEYOND War, October 27, 2020

Peter Kuznick o arabile lipotso tse latelang ho tsoa ho Mohamed Elmaazi oa Sputnik Radio mme a lumela ho e lumella World BEYOND War phatlalatsa sengoloa.

1) Bohlokoa ba Honduras ke ho ba naha ea morao-rao ho kenela Tumellano ea UN mabapi le Thibelo ea Libetsa tsa Nyutlelie ke bofe?

Ke tsoelo-pele e makatsang le e makatsang hakana, haholo kamora hore US e hatelle batho ba saenneng ba 49 ba fetileng ho hula tumello ea bona. Ho nepahetse hoo Honduras, "repaboliki ea" banana "ea mantlha, e ileng ea e sutumetsa - ea ba monate ho u sebelisa hampe le ho hlekefetsa lilemong tse lekholo tsa Amerika.

2) Na mohlomong ke tšitiso ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho linaha tse se nang matla a nyutlelie?

E seng joalo hantle. Selekane sena se emela lentsoe la boitšoaro la botho. E kanna ea se be le ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetsong ea bokahohleng, empa e bolela ka ho hlaka hore batho ba polanete ena ba nyonya bohlanya bo lapetseng matla, bo felisang matla ba robong ba matla a nyutlelie. Bohlokoa ba tšoantšetso bo ke ke ba feteletsoa.

3) Ho se ho ntse ho na le Tumellano ea Phokotso ea Nyutlelie e qalileng ho sebetsa ka 1970 mme e seng e le naha e ngoe le e ngoe ea polanete ke karolo ea. Na NPT e phehelloa ho fihlela?

NPT e phetse ho fihlela boemong bo makatsang ke matla a seng a nyutlelie. Hoa hlolla hore ebe linaha tse ngata ha li so ka li latela tsela ea nyutlelie. Lehlohonolo lefats'e ke hore ba bangata ha ba so ka ba tlola joalo ka nako eo, ho latela El Baradei, bonyane linaha tse 40 li nang le bokhoni ba mahlale ba ho etsa joalo. Ba molato oa ho tlola molao ke bo-rasaense ba pele ba bahlano - US, Russia, China, Borithane le France. Ba hlokomolohile Article 6, e hlokang hore linaha tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie li fokotse le ho felisa mabotho ao. Palo eohle ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie e kanna ea fokotsoa ho tloha ho 70,000 ea bohlanya ho isa ho 13,500 ea bohlanya, empa hoo ho ntse ho lekane ho felisa bophelo polaneteng makhetlo a mangata.

4) Haeba ho se joalo, selekane se seng se tla ba molemo tikolohong e joalo, joalo ka seo Honduras e sa tsoa kena.

NPT ha ea ka ea etsa hore ho ba le thepa, nts'etsopele, lipalangoang le ts'oso ea ho sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e se molaong. Selekane se secha se etsa joalo mme ho hlakile joalo. Ena ke qhomela e kholo ea tšoantšetso. Le ha e ke ke ea beha baetapele ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie nyeoeng ke Lekhotla la Machaba la Tlolo ea Molao, e tla ba hatella hore ba mamele maikutlo a lefats'e joalo ka ha ho bile joalo ka libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale, liqhomane tsa fatše le litumellano tse ling. Haeba US e ne e sa ameha ka phello ea khatello ee, hobaneng e ile ea etsa matsapa a ho thibela tumellano ea tumellano? Joalokaha Eisenhower le Dulles ka bobeli ba boletse nakong ea li-1950, e ne e le taboo ea nyutlelie ea lefats'e e ba emisitseng ho sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie makhetlo a mangata. Khatello ea boitšoaro ea lefatše ka bophara e ka sitisa batšoantšisi ba babe mme ka linako tse ling e ba qobelle ho ba batšoantšisi ba hloahloa.

Ho 2002 tsamaiso ea US ea George W Bush Jr e ile ea itokolla selekaneng sa ABM. Tsamaiso ea Trump e ile ea ikhula ho Tumellano ea INF ho 2019 mme ho na le lipotso tsa hore na selekane se secha sa START se tla nchafatsoa pele se fela ka 2021. Ka bobeli lilekane tsa ABM le tsa INF li ile tsa tekenoa lipakeng tsa US le Soviet Union ho fokotsa kotsi ea ntoa ea nyutlelie.

5) Hlalosa litlamorao tsa ho ikhula ha Amerika ho litumellano tsa bohlokoa tsa taolo ea nyutlelie joalo ka ABM le selekane sa INF.

Liphetho tsa ho itokolla ha US ho Selekane sa ABM li bile kholo haholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e lumelletse US hore e tsoelepele ho kenya tšebetsong sistimi ea eona ea ts'ireletso ea limisaele e sa sirelelitsoeng le e turang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e hlohlellelitse Marussia ho qala lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mehato ea bona ea boitseko. Ka lebaka la boiteko boo, ka la 1 Hlakubele 2018, puong ea hae ea Naha ea Naha, Vladimir Putin o phatlalalitse hore Marussia joale ba se ba qapile libetsa tse ncha tse hlano tsa nyutlelie, tseo kaofela ha tsona li ka thibelang litsamaiso tsa ts'ireletso ea limisaele tsa US. Kahoo, ho hlakoloa ha Tumellano ea ABM ho file US maikutlo a fosahetseng a polokeho mme ka ho beha Russia maemong a tlokotsing, e hlahisitse boiphihlelo ba Russia bo beileng US maemong a fokolang. Ka kakaretso, sena se entse hore lefatše le be kotsi le ho feta. Ho hlakoloa ha Tumellano ea INF ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho bakile ho hlahisoa ha metsu e kotsi haholo e ka senyang likamano. Sena ke sona se etsahalang ha li-hawk tse bonelang pele, tse batlang melemo li etsa leano eseng bo-ralitaba ba ikarabellang.

6) U nahana hore ke hobaneng ha US e tlohetse lilekane tsena tsa taolo ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie tseo e neng e li saena le Soviet Union? Na esale ba sebeletsa sepheo sa bona?

Baetsi ba melaoana ea tsamaiso ea Trump ha ba batle ho bona US e thibetsoe ke lilekane tsa machabeng. Ba lumela hore US e ka hlola peiso ea libetsa ebile e tla e hapa. Trump o boletse joalo khafetsa. Ka 2016, o phatlalalitse, "E ke e be peiso ea libetsa. Re tla ba feta ka nako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ebe re ba feta kaofela. " Mots'eanong o fetileng, moeletsi ea ka sehloohong oa taolo ea libetsa ea Trump, Marshall Billingslea, le eena o boletse joalo, "Re ka qeta Russia le China hore ba se lebalehe molemong oa ho hapa peiso e ncha ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie." Ka bobeli ke bohlanya 'me ba lokela ho nkoa ke banna ba apereng liaparo tse tšoeu. Ka 1986, nakong ea peiso e fetileng ea libetsa pele Gorbachev, ka thuso e khutšoanyane ea Reagan, a kenya kelello lefats'eng, matla a nyutlelie a ne a bokelletse libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse ka bang 70,000, tse lekanang le libomo tsa Hiroshima tse ka bang limilione tse 1.5. Na ehlile re batla ho khutlela ho seo? Sting o ile a bina pina e matla lilemong tsa bo-1980 ka mantsoe a reng, "Ke ts'epa hore Marussia a rata le bana ba 'ona." Re bile lehlohonolo hore ebe ba entse joalo. Ha ke nahane hore Trump e khona ho rata mang kapa mang ntle le eena mme o na le mola o otlolohileng ho konopo ea nyutlelie ho se motho ea mo emang tseleng.

7) Selekane se secha sa START ke sefe, 'me se kena joang ho see sohle?

Selekane se secha sa START se lekanyetsa palo ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse sebelisitsoeng ho 1,550 hape se lekanyetsa palo ea makoloi a hlahisang. Ka lebaka la mahlale a morao-rao, palo ea libetsa e hlile e phahame. Ke sohle se setseng mohahong oa taolo ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie o nkileng mashome a lilemo ho aha. Ke tsohle tse emeng tseleng ea pherekano ea nyutlelie le peiso e ncha ea libetsa eo ke neng ke bua ka eona feela. E ikemiselitse ho felloa ke nako ka la 5. Hlakola ho tloha ka letsatsi la pele la Trump a le ofising, Putin o ntse a leka ho etsa hore Trump a e holise ntle le mabaka lilemo tse hlano kamoo selekane se lumellang. Trump o nyelisitse selekane sena mme a theha maemo a sa khoneheng a ho se nchafatsa. Joale, a labalabela tlholo ea leano la kantle ho naha bosiung ba likhetho, o lekile ho buisana ka katoloso ea eona. Empa Putin o hana ho amohela lipehelo tseo Trump le Billingslea ba li sisinyang, ho etsa hore motho a ipotse hore na Putin o tiile hakae sekhutlong sa Trump.

8) U ka rata ho bona baetsi ba melao ba tloha mona, haholoholo hara mebuso e meholo ea nyutlelie?

Taba ea mantlha, ba hloka ho holisa Tumellano e Ncha ea Qalo ka lilemo tse hlano, joalo ka ha Biden a ts'episitse hore o tla etsa joalo. Taba ea bobeli, ba hloka ho khutlisa tumellano ea JCPOA (tumellano ea nyutlelie ea Iran) le Tumellano ea INF. Taba ea boraro, ba hloka ho tlosa libetsa tsohle tlhokomelong ea moriri. Ntlha ea bone, ba hloka ho lahla li-ICBM tsohle, e leng karolo e tlokotsing ka ho fetesisa ea lihlomo mme ba hloka hore e tsebisoe hanghang ha ho fumanoa lerumo le kenang joalo ka ha ho etsahetse makhetlo a mangata hore le fumanoe e le lialamo tsa bohata. Ea bohlano, ba hloka ho fetola taelo le taolo ho netefatsa hore baetapele ba bang ba ikarabellang ba tlameha ho saena ntle le mopresidente feela pele libetsa tsa nyutlelie li ka sebelisoa. Ntlha ea botšelela, ba hloka ho fokotsa mabotho a polokelo ka tlasa monyako oa mariha a nyutlelie. Ka bosupa, ba hloka ho kenella TPNW le ho felisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie ka botlalo. Ea borobeli, ba hloka ho nka chelete eo ba neng ba e senya ho libetsa tsa pheliso mme ba e tsetele libakeng tse tla phahamisa botho le ho ntlafatsa maphelo a batho. Nka ba fa litlhahiso tse ngata tsa hore na ba qale hokae haeba ba batla ho mamela.

Peter Kuznick ke Moprofesa oa Histori oa American University, le mongoli oa Beyond the Laboratory: Bo-rasaense Joaloka Lipolisi ba Lipolotiki ka 1930s America, mongoli-bukana le Akira Kimura oa  Ho hlahloba li-Atomic Bombings tsa Hiroshima le Nagasaki: Maikemisetso a Majapane le Maamerika, mongoli-'moho le Yuki Tanaka oa Matla a Nyutlelie le Hiroshima: 'Nete e Tlisang Tšebeliso ea Khotso ea Matla a Nyutlelie, le co-editor le James Gilbert oa Ho loantša Mokhoa oa Cold War Culture. Ho 1995, o thehile Setsi sa Thupelo ea Nyutlelie sa Univesithi ea Amerika, seo a se laelang. Ho 2003, Kuznick o ile a hlophisa sehlopha sa litsebi, bangoli, litaki, baruti le basireletsi ho hanyetsa pontso ea Smithsonia ea Enola Gay. Eena le moetsi oa lifilimi, Oliver Stone o ngotse karolo ea 12 karolo ea Showtime litokomane tsa lifilimi le buka ka bobeli li bitsitsoe The Untold History of the United States.