by Yuri Sheliazhenko, 'Nete e Batlang, September 17, 2021
Europe Bochabela lilemong tsa 20-21 li ile tsa hlokofatsoa haholo ke pefo ea lipolotiki le lintoa tse hlometseng. Ke nako ea ho ithuta ho phela hammoho ka khotso le ho phehella thabo.
Mokgwa wa setso ho lokisetsa batjha ho nka karolo maphelong a batho ba baholo ba dipolotiki dinaheng tsa Bolekane ba Botjhabela le Russia e ne e le, mme e ntse e le thuto eo ho thoeng ke ea bochaba ea ho rata naha. Soviet Union, moahi ea khabane o ne a bonoa e le molaoli ea tšepahalang ea mamelang balaoli ntle le lipotso.
Paradigm ena, taeo ea sesole e ne e le mohlala oa bophelo ba sechaba ntle le ho hanyetsa mekha ea lipolotiki. Ha e le hantle, batho ba hanang tšebeletso ea sesole ka lebaka la letsoalo, ba kang balateli ba “moapostola oa ho hloka pefo” Leo Tolstoy le Maprostanta a tloaelehileng, ba ile ba hatelloa nakong ea matšolo a khahlanong le "lihlotšoana tsa bokhelohi" le "cosmopolitism."
Lichaba tsa post-soviet li futsitse paradigm ena mme li ntse li tloaetse ho holisa masole a mamelang ho fapana le bakhethi ba ikarabellang. Litlaleho tsa selemo le selemo tsa European Bureau for Conscientious Objection (EBCO) li bontša hore batho ba kenang sesoleng sebakeng seo ba na le monyetla o monyane kapa ha ba na monyetla oa ho amohela semolao nyeoe ea bona ea ntoa le ho hana ho bolaea.
Joalokaha tsebisa Deutsche Welle, ho 2017 kopanong ea machaba e Berlin litsebi li ile tsa tšohla likotsi tsa kholo ea bochaba ea kamora Soviet Union, e khothalletsang bompoli Russia le maano a ho le letona ho la Ukraine. Litsebi li khothalelitse hore linaha ka bobeli li hloka thuto ea sejoale-joale ea demokrasi bakeng sa boahi.
Le pejana, ho 2015, Ofisi ea Ts'ebetso ea Kantle ho Naha ea Jeremane le Setsi sa Federal bakeng sa Thutong ea Sechaba se ts'ehelitse Mokhatlo oa Yuropa Bochabela bakeng sa Thuto ea Boahi (EENCE), khokahano ea mekhatlo le litsebi tse ikemiselitseng nts'etsopele ea thuto ea ho ba moahi tikolohong ea Europe Bochabela, ho kenyeletsoa Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia le Ukraine. Barupeluoa ba marang-rang ba saena memorandamo, e bonts'ang boitlamo bo sebete mehopolong ea demokrasi, khotso le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng.
Mohopolo oa ho thibela ntoa ka thuto ea sechaba bakeng sa setso sa khotso o ka tsoa mesebetsing ea John Dewey le Maria Montessori. Ho builoe ka bokhabane ho Molao oa Motheo oa UNESCO mme oa phetoa ho Phatlalatso ea 2016 ea Tokelo ea Khotso e amohetsoeng ke Kopano e Akaretsang ea Machaba a Kopaneng: “haesale lintoa li qala likelellong tsa batho, ke likelellong tsa batho tshireletso khotso e tlameha ho hahoa. ”
Tšusumetso ea lefatše ka bophara ea ho ruta khotso e ne e le matla hoo le litekanyetso tsa ho holisa bochaba li neng li sitoa ho thibela barupeli ba bang ba chesehang ba khotso ba Soviet Union le linaha tsa kamora Soviet hore ba rute moloko o tlang hore batho bohle ke bara le barali babo rona mme ba lokela ho phela ka khotso. .
Ntle le ho ithuta metheo ea tlhekefetso, batho ba Europe Bochabela mohlomong ba ka tšolla mali a mangata nakong ea ho felisoa ha mmuso oa bokomonisi, likhohlano tse latelang tsa lipolotiki le tsa moruo le moruo. Sebakeng seo, Ukraine le Belarus li ile tsa lahla libetsa tsa nyutlelie, mme Russia ea senya libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse 2 692 tse XNUMX. Hape, linaha tsohle tsa Europe Bochabela ntle le Azerbaijan li hlahisitse tšebeletso e 'ngoe ea sechaba bakeng sa ho hana tšebeletso ea sesole ka lebaka la letsoalo, eo ha e le hantle e sa fihlelloeng ebile e fana ka kotlo empa e ntse e le tsoelo-pele ha e bapisoa le ho se ananele ka botlalo litokelo tsa ba hanang ho kena sesoleng ka lebaka la letsoalo.
Re hatela pele ka thuto ea khotso Europe Bochabela, re na le tokelo ea ho keteka katleho, mme ho na le mashome le makholo a litaba tikolohong ea rona selemo se seng le se seng mabapi le mekete ea Letsatsi la Machaba la Khotso la 21 Loetse likolong le liunivesithing. Le ha ho le joalo, re ka etsa ho feta moo ebile re lokela ho etsa joalo.
Hangata, thuto ea khotso ha e kenyelletsoe ka ho hlaka likharikhulaming tsa sekolo, empa likarolo tsa eona li ka kengoa tšebetsong lithutong tse ling tsa thuto ea semmuso, joalo ka metheo ea mahlale a sechaba le botho. Nka, mohlala, nalane ea lefats'e: nka e ruta joang ntle le ho bua ka mekhatlo ea khotso ka makholo a lilemo a 19-20 le thomo ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea ho theha khotso Lefatšeng? HG Wells o ngotse ho "The Outline of History": "Boikutlo ba nalane ea nalane e le boiphihlelo bo tloaelehileng ba moloko oohle oa batho boa hlokahala bakeng sa khotso kahare joalo ka ha ho le khotso pakeng tsa lichaba."
Caroline Brooks le Basma Hajir, bangoli ba tlaleho ea 2020 "Thuto ea khotso likolong tse hlophisitsoeng: hobaneng e le bohlokoa mme e ka etsoa joang?", Ba hlalosa hore thuto ea khotso e batla ho hlomella baithuti ka bokhoni ba ho thibela le ho rarolla likhohlano ka ho sebetsana le bona lisosa, ntle le ho iphetetsa ho pefo, ka lipuisano le lipuisano, mme e nolofalletsa bacha ho ba baahi ba nang le boikarabelo ba bulehelang liphapang le ho hlompha litso tse ling. Thuto ea khotso e kenyelletsa lihlooho le litaba tsa boahi ba lefats'e, toka ea sechaba le tikoloho.
Ka litlelaseng, likampong tsa lehlabula, le libakeng tse ling tsohle tse loketseng, ho bua ka litokelo tsa botho kapa lipheo tsa nts'etsopele ea nako e telele, ho koetlisa tharollo ea lithaka le boiphihlelo bo bong bo bonolo ba bophelo ba sechaba bo tsoetseng pele, re ruta khotso molokong o tlang oa baahi ba Europe le batho ba Lefatše, polanete ea bo-mme ea batho bohle. Thuto ea khotso e fana ka tšepo e fetang tšepo, ehlile e fana ka pono ea hore bana ba rona le bana ba bana ba rona ba ka thibela tšabo le bohloko ba kajeno ho sebelisa le ho nts'etsapele hosane tsebo le litloaelo tsa rona tsa khotso le demokrasi ho ba batho ba thabileng e le kannete.
Yurii Sheliazhenko ke mongoli ea ka sehlohong oa Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Ukraine, setho sa Boto ea European Bureau for Objection Consciention, setho sa Boto ea World BEYOND War. O fumane lengolo la Master of Mediation and Conflict Management ka 2021 le lengolo la Master of Laws ka 2016 KROK University, le lengolo la Bachelor of Mathematics ka 2004 Setsing sa Naha sa Kyiv sa Taras Shevchenko. Ntle le ho nka karolo mokhatlong oa khotso, ke moqolotsi oa litaba, blogger, mosireletsi oa litokelo tsa botho le setsebi sa molao, mongoli oa lingoliloeng tse mashome, le morupeli oa thuto ea nalane ea nalane le nalane.
