Ho Etsa Hore Se Seng Se khonehe

E ngotsoe ke Richard Sandbrook, la 6 Mphalane 2020

From Tsoelo-pele ea Bokamoso Blog

Liphephetso li bonahala li le kholo. Ho laola libetsa tsa nyutlelie pele li re senya, ho thibela ho qhibiliha hoa maemo a leholimo le mefuta e sa tsejoeng ea mefuta, ho senya bochaba ba puso ea mapheo, ho aha bocha konteraka ea sechaba e fihlelang toka ea morabe le maemo, le ho fetisetsa phetoho ea boiketsetso litsing tse tšehetsang sechaba: mathata ana a amanang ho ferekanya ho rarahana ha bona le litšitiso tsa lipolotiki liphetohong tse hlokahalang tsa sistimi.

Baitseki ba tsoelang pele ba ka arabela ka nepo le ka potlako joang? Ho thatafatsa lintho le ho feta, ka ho utloahalang batho ba tšoarehile ka mathata a letsatsi le letsatsi a ho phela le seoa sena. Leano le tšepisang ka ho fetisisa maemong ana a mahlonoko ke lefe? Na re ka etsa se sa khonehang?

Lipolotiki ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ha lia lekana

Ho its'etleha lipolotiking tsa likhetho le ho fana ka mangolo a makatsang ho ba boholong ba khethiloeng le boralitaba tse tummeng ke mesebetsi e hlokahalang, empa ha e lekane e le leano le atlehang. Boholo ba liphetoho tse hlokahalang bo fihla hole haholo bakeng sa butle-butle lipolotiki joalo ka mehleng. Litlhahiso tse matla li kopana le ho nyatsuoa ke mecha ea litaba e ikemetseng le mekha e ikemetseng, e nosetsoa ke baamoheli le matšolo a maikutlo a sechaba, hape e phephetsa modus operandi ea mokha o tsoelang pele (joalo ka British Labor Party, Democratic Party ho la US) , bao mekhatlo ea bona e batlang hore e lekanyetsoe ho ipiletsa bohareng ba lipolotiki. Khabareng, mantsoe a mapheo a mapheo a letona a matlafala. Lipolotiki joalo ka mehleng ha lia lekana.

Polelo ea 'Bofetoheli ba ho Fela' e re supa lipolotiking tse sebetsang hantle - ha feela borabele bo utloisisoa e le bo lekanyelitsoeng ho ketso e se nang pefo ea lipolotiki e lumellanang le litloaelo tsa demokrasi. Empa liketso ka botsona e tla ba karolo ea ts'ebetso e kholo ho feta ea ho aha tšehetso har'a makala a amohelang baahi le ho aha kopanyo ea mekhatlo e matla hoo molaetsa oa eona o kopaneng o ke keng oa hlokomolohuoa. Bonngoe bo ka hahuoa feela lenaneong le kopanyang sepheo sa mekhahlelo e le 'ngoe. Re hloka ho emisa molumo oa mantsoe o le mong feela.

Ho hlokahala: Pono e Kopanyang

Ho aha mokhatlo o joalo o kopaneng ke mosebetsi o moholohali. 'Progressives' e kenyelletsa batho ba bangata ba lokolohileng, ba demokrasi ba sechaba, bochaba ba litumelo tse fapaneng, merabe, litokelo tsa botho le batšehetsi ba toka ea moruo, mekhatlo e meng ea basebetsi, basali ba bangata, mekhatlo e mengata ea matsoalloa, boholo (empa eseng kaofela) baitseki ba maemo a leholimo, baitseki ba bangata ba khotso. Tsoelo-pele e fumana ho hongata hoo ba sa lumellaneng ka hona. Li fapana mabapi le mofuta oa bothata ba mantlha (na ke bokhaphithaliste, neoliberalism, puso ea bochaba, puso ea bochaba, khethollo ea morabe, puso ea bohatelli, litsi tsa demokrasi tse sebetsang hampe, ho se lekane, kapa motswako o itseng?tharollo e lekanang. Ho tla ha morao tjena ha Tsoelo-pele ea Machabeng ikemiselitse ho theha bonngoe har'a ba tsoelang pele lefatšeng ka bophara leha ho na le likarohano, ke lets'oao le amohelehang. "Bochaba kapa Pheletso ”, Sehlooho se hlohlelletsang seboka sa eona sa pele ka Loetse 2020, se paka boikemisetso ba sona.

Ke lenaneo lefe le boemong bo botle ba ho kopanya matšoenyeho a mekhatlo e tsoelang pele ea khatiso e le 'ngoe? Morero o mocha oa Green (GND) o ntse o nkuoa e le karolo e tloaelehileng. The Leap Manifesto, selelekela sa lenaneo lena Canada, se ne se na le likarolo tse ngata tsa leholimo. Li kenyelelitse phetoho ho 100% ea matla a nchafatsoang ka 2050, ho aha sechaba se nang le toka ts'ebetsong, ho hlongoa ha mefuta e phahameng, le mefuta e mecha ea lekhetho le mokhatlo oa mantlha oa ho tšehetsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang le ho tebisa demokrasi. Li-Deals tse ncha tsa Green, kapa mananeo a nang le mabitso a tšoanang, a amohetsoe hohle, ho tloha ho Green Deal ea Europe, ho ea ho mebuso e meng ea naha le mekha e mengata e tsoelang pele le mekhatlo ea sechaba. Tekanyo ea takatso e matla ea fapana, leha ho le joalo.

Green New Deal e fana ka pono e bonolo le e hohelang. Batho ba kopuoa ho nahana ka lefatše - eseng Utopia, empa lefats'e le ka fihlelloang - le tala, le lokile, le na le demokrasi ebile le atlehile ho lekana ho ts'ehetsa bophelo bo botle bakeng sa bohle. Mantsoe a hlakile. Likoluoa ​​tsa maemo a leholimo tse tlang le ho timela ha mefuta li hloka phetoho ea tikoloho, empa sena se ke ke sa fihleloa ntle le liphetoho tse tebileng moruong le sechabeng. Li-GND ha li kenyeletse feela ho hlophiseng moruo ho fihlela likhase tse sa lefelloeng tsa khabone nakong ea lilemo tse leshome kapa tse peli, empa hape le phetoho e lokileng ho ea botsitso moo bongata ba baahi bo ruang molemo phetohong ea moruo. Mesebetsi e metle bakeng sa ba lahlehileng phetohong, thuto e sa lefelloeng le ho koetlisoa maemong ohle, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, tsamaiso ea sechaba ea mahala le toka bakeng sa lihlopha tsa matsoalloa le merabe ke tse ling tsa litlhahiso tse kenyellelitsoeng ke lenaneo lena le kopaneng.

Mohlala, GND e tšehelitsoe ke Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez le Ed Markey ka sebopeho sa Qeto Ntlong ea Baemeli ea US ho 2019, e latela mohopolo ona. Ha a qosoa ka hore ke morero oa bochaba, morero o haufi le a Morero o mocha oa Rooseveltian bakeng sa lekholo la bo21 la lilemo. E kopa hore ho hlophisoe naha ea lilemo tse '10 'ho fihlela 100% ea matla a nchafatsoang, matsete a maholohali a litšebeletso le moruo o se nang khabone, le mesebetsi bakeng sa bohle ba batlang ho sebetsa. Phetoho e tsamaeang le mehato ena ke mehato e tloaelehileng litabeng tsa boiketlo ba Bophirimela: tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho bohle, thuto e phahameng e sa lefelloeng, matlo a theko e tlase, litokelo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa basebetsi, tiiso ea mosebetsi le litokiso tsa khethollo ea morabe. Ts'ebetsong ea melao e khahlano le ts'epo, haeba e ka atleha, e ka fokolisa matla a moruo le a lipolotiki a lioligopolies. Re ka ngangisana ka boemo ba phetoho ea tatellano e hlokahalang. Morero o fe kapa o fe o sebetsang, leha ho le joalo, o tlameha ho bokella tšehetso ka pono ea bophelo bo betere, eseng feela tšabo.

Ba-Conservatives, haholo-holo ba ratang mapheo a mapheo, ba fetohile bahanyetsi ba maemo a leholimo, ka mabaka a hore ho loants'a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ke pere ea Trojan ea bososhiale. Ba hlile ba nepile hore GND ke projeke e tsoelang pele, empa hore na ehlile ke projeke ea bochaba e ka pheha khang. Ho ipapisitse le karolo ea motho ea tlhaloso ea bososhiale. Molemong oa bonngoe mokhatlong o fapaneng, ngangisano eo ke eo re lokelang ho e qoba.

Ka kakaretso, re hloka ho fana ka molaetsa o nang le ts'epo ea hore lefats'e le betere ha le khonehe feela empa le ka hlola. Ha ho na thuso, ebile ha ho thuse letho, ho nahana feela ka tebello ea motho e bohloko. Ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tse mpe ke ho ipeha kotsing ea ho holofala ha thato. Mme ho rerela ba sokolohileng ho ka re thabisa; leha ho le joalo, e sebeletsa feela ho aha bonngoe har'a sehlopha se senyenyane ebile se sa susumetse haholo. Re tlameha ho ithuta ho kopanya batho ba tloaelehileng (haholo-holo bacha) ho sena, sa makhaola-khang sa lilemo tse leshome. Ho ke ke ha e-ba bonolo hobane batho ba hlaseloa ka tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa mahlakoreng ohle mme ba lula ba tsitsitse ka ts'okelo ea coronavirus. Nako ea ho ela hloko e khuts'oane.

Re hloka ho ba le lora, joalo ka Martin Luther King, hape hape joalo ka King, toro eo e tlameha ho boleloa ka mokhoa o bonolo, e utloahala ebile e ka phethahala. Ehlile, ha re na 'mapa o qaqileng oa tsela bakeng sa phetoho e nepahetseng. Empa re lumellana ka tataiso eo re lokelang ho e lebisa, le mabotho a sechaba le lefapha le tla re isa pele lefats'eng le letle. Re tlameha ho ipiletsa lipelong le likelellong tsa batho. Katleho e tla its'etleha ka tumellano e pharalletseng ea mekhatlo.

Lipolotiki tsa motsamao oa kopanelo

Kopano e joalo e ne e tla shebahala joang? Na ho ka nahanoa hore motsamao o tsoelang pele oa mekhatlo o ka nts'etsapele, kahare le linaheng tse ling, ho sutumetsa lenane le kang la Global Green New Deal? Phephetso e kholo, empa kahare ho maemo a khonehang.

Nako ena ke, kamora tsohle, ke ea borabele le ketso ea mantlha lefats'eng ka bophara. Ts'oaetso e fapaneng ea moruo le moruo le tikoloho e hlohlelletsa likhohlano tsa lipolotiki. Leqhubu la boipelaetso le pharalletseng ho feta 1968 ho qhoma ka 2019, 'me leqhubu lena le ile la tsoela pele ka 2020, leha ho na le seoa. Boipelaetso bo aparetse lik'honthinente tse tšeletseng le linaha tse 114, bo amang demokrasi ea tokoloho hammoho le bompoli. Joalokaha Robin Wright E hlokomela ho New Yorker ka Pherekhong 2019, 'Tsamaiso e hlahile ka bosiu bo le bong, e sa tsoa hlahisa khalefo ea sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara - ho tloha Paris le La Paz ho ea Prague le Port-au-Prince, Beirut, ho ea Bogota le Berlin, Catalonia ho ea Cairo le Hong Kong, Harare, Santiago, Sydney, Seoul, Quito, Jakarta, Tehran, Algiers, Baghdad, Budapest, London, New Delhi, Manila esita le Moscow. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, boipelaetso bo bonts'a mokhahlelo oa lipolotiki o neng o e-s'o ka o e-ba teng. '. Ka mohlala, United States, e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba le merusu e meholo ka ho fetesisa haesale ho tloha ka bo-1960 litokelo tsa botho le boipelaetso bo khahlano le ntoa, bo ileng ba bakoa ke polao ea mapolesa ea Moafrika le Moamerika George Floyd ka Mots'eanong 2020. Boipelaetso ha bo a baka feela boipelaetso bo pharalletseng lefatšeng ka bophara, empa hape a bokella tšehetso e kholo kantle ho sechaba sa batho ba batšo.

Le ha litšitiso tsa lehae (joalo ka ho nyoloha ha litefiso tsa lipalangoang) li hotetse boipelaetso bo se nang pefo lefats'eng lohle, boipelaetso bo ile ba hlahisa khalefo e matla. Sehlooho se neng se tloaelehile e ne e le hore batho ba ikemetseng ba ikemetseng ba nkile matla a mangata haholo mme ba lebisitse leano ho itlotlisa. Marabele a tummeng a bontšitse, ka holim'a tsohle, tlhoko ea ho aha bocha likonteraka tsa sechaba tse robehileng le ho khutlisa semolao.

Re ka lemoha feela ho sisinyeha ha motsamao oa mekhatlo eo likarolo tsa eona li fetelang ka nqane ho litlhahlobo ho leba lenaneong le ntseng le eketseha la phetoho ea sebopeho. Likhoele tse kholo li kenyelletsa mekhatlo ea maemo a leholimo / tikoloho, taba ea bophelo ba batho ba batšo le mokhatlo o moholo oa toka ea morabe / matsoalloa, mekhatlo ea toka ea moruo, ho kenyeletsoa mekhatlo ea basebetsi le mokhatlo oa khotso. Ke se ke supile ho motsamao wa tlelaemete. Le ha litsebi tsa tikoloho li le teng ka bongata, Phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e balehileng le tlhoko ea ho nka khato e potlakileng le ea mantlha e lebisitse ho ba bangata maemong a fetelletseng a leano. Joalokaha boipelaetso bo atolohile lefatšeng ka bophara, Green New Deal e na le boipiletso bo totobetseng.  

Litlhoko tsa phetoho ea sebopeho le tsona li hlahile tlasa folakha ea Bothata ba Bophelo bo Botšo. 'Puseletso ea mapolesa' e tsepamisa maikutlo eseng feela ho koala mapolesa a 'maloa a khethollo ea morabe empa ho theha meaho e mecha ho felisa khethollo ea morabe. 'Hlakola rente' e kenella tlhokong ea ho nka matlo e le tokelo ea sechaba, eseng sehlahisoa feela. Karabelo bothateng bona e hokahane, ka ts'ehetso bakeng sa Bophelo ba Batho ba Batšo ho tsoa lihlopheng life kapa life tse arohaneng le ka boipelaetso ho kenyeletsoa palo e kholo ea makhooa. Empa na mokhatlo oa toka oa semorabe o kanna oa ba karolo ea mokhatlo o moholo bakeng sa phetoho e lokileng? The metso ea tsamaiso ea khethollo ea morabe, ho kenyeletsoa karolo eo mabotho a 'maraka a e bapalang ho aroleng merabe le ho aroleng batho, e fana ka maikutlo a kopano ea lithahasello. Martin Luther King o ile a lumela pono ena ho ella qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-1960 ha a hlalosa moelelo oa borabele ba batho ba batšo ka nako eo: Bofetoheli, o itse, 'bo feta feela ho loanela litokelo tsa MaNegro…. E pepesa bokhopo bo metseng ka metso sebopehong sohle sa sechaba sa rona. E senola mefokolo ea sistimi ho fapana le liphoso tse kaholimo-limo ebile e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho aha bocha sechabeng ka boeona ke eona bothata ba nnete bo lokelang ho tobana le bona. Ke… ho qobella Amerika ho tobana le liphoso tsohle tse amanang - khethollo ea morabe, bofuma, ntoa, le lerato la lintho tse bonahalang '. Lilekane tse kopaneng li theha bonngoe temohong ena bakeng sa phetoho e ka bang teng ea sistimi.

Lipheo tsa baitseki ba maemo a leholimo le lihlopha tsa toka ea merabe lia kopana le litlhoko tse ngata tse tsoang ho mekhatlo ea toka ea moruo le sechaba. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa lihlopha tse fapaneng joalo ka mekhatlo ea bahanyetsi ea boitseko, lihlopha tsa matsoalloa (haholo Leboea le Amerika Boroa), basali, batšehetsi ba litokelo tsa batho ba bong bo tšoanang, batšehetsi ba litokelo tsa botho, mekhatlo ea ts'ebelisano, lihlopha tsa tumelo tsa malumeli a fapaneng le lihlopha tse shebaneng le tsa machabeng. toka e kenyelletsang litokelo tsa baphaphathehi le bajaki le phetisetso e batloang ea lisebelisoa ho shebana le ho hloka toka hoa tikoloho le tse ling. GND e hokahana le litlhoko le litokelo tsa basebetsi, batho ba matsoalloa le ba khetholloang morabe. Mesebetsi e metala, netefatso ea mesebetsi, matlo e le molemo oa sechaba, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le boleng bo holimo ke tse ling tsa liphetoho tse seng tsa bochaba tse hlahileng. Joaloka sengoloa sa morao tjena ho New York Times ho bontšitsoe, ka letsohong le letšehali botlaaseng ba eona e ntse e le lipolotiki hape lefatšeng ka bophara.

The mokhatlo oa khotso e theha karolo e ngoe ea selekane se ka bang teng. Ka 2019, kotsi ea phapanyetsano ea nyutlelie ka phoso kapa ka boomo e ile ea nyolohela boemong ba eona bo phahameng ho tloha ka 1962. The Bulletin ea Atomic Scientists e tsamaisitse Clock ea eona ea Doomsday Clock e tummeng pele ho metsotsoana e 100 pele ho khitla, e supa ho ata ha nyutlelie le ho ikhula taolong ea libetsa e le ho eketsa kotsi ea ntoa ea nyutlelie. Litumellano tsa taolo ea lihlomo le lihlomo, tseo ho buisanoeng ka tsona ka setlamo lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, lia putlama, ka lebaka la ho hloka botsitso ha Amerika. Mebuso eohle e meholo ea nyutlelie - United States, Russia le China - e ntse e ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa nyutlelie. Boemong bona, US tlasa Trump e batla ho khothaletsa balekane ba eona ho e kenella Ntoeng ea Mantsoe e ncha e lebisitseng China. Liketso tse sokelang le lipolelo tse reretsoeng Venezuela, Iran le Cuba le phallo e atileng ea lintoa tsa cyber li kopanya tsitsipano ea machabeng mme li matlafalitse mekhatlo ea khotso hohle.

Lipheo tsa mokhatlo oa khotso, le kopanyo ea ona joalo ka mokhatlo Amerika Leboea tlasa taolo ea World Beyond War, e e atametse haufi le likhoele tse ling tse tharo tsa koporasi e hlahang. Morero oa eona oa ho khaola likhakanyo tsa lichelete tsa ts'ireletso, ho hlakola phumants'o e ncha ea libetsa le ho tsamaisa chelete e ntšitsoeng ho ts'ireletso ea batho e bontša ho ameha ka litokelo tsa sechaba le bolulo. Ts'ireletso ea motho e hlalosoa e le katoloso ea litokelo tsa sechaba le tikoloho. Kahoo ke khokahano le merero ea toka ea moruo le sechaba. Ntle le moo, likhokahano lipakeng tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le matšoenyeho a ts'ireletso li tlisitse maemo a leholimo le mekhatlo ea khotso lipuisanong. Le phapanyetsano e nyane ea nyutlelie e ka qala mariha a nyutlelie, ka litlamorao tse sa lebelloang tsa komello, tlala le masisapelo a akaretsang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ka ho senya mekhoa ea boipheliso le ho etsa libaka tsa tropike hore li se ke tsa lula, e nyenyefatsa linaha tse fokolang mme e mpefatsa likhohlano tse teng tsa merabe le tse ling. Khotso, toka le botsitso li ntse li bonoa ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa. Oo ke motheo oa lilekane tsa kopanelo le ho tšehetsana ha boipelaetso ba mokhatlo o mong le o mong.

Ho Etsa Hore Ntho e sa Khoneheng e khonehe

Re phela lilemong tse leshome tsa makhaola-khang, re tobane le mathata a tebileng a behang bokamoso ba mefuta eohle. Lipolotiki joalo ka mehleng lipolotiking tsa tokoloho ho bonahala li sa khone ho utloisisa boholo ba liphephetso kapa ho nka bohato ba ho li rarolla. Khorase e ntseng e phahama ea bo-ralipolotiki ba bochaba ba bohanyapetsi, ka likhopolo tsa bona tsa bolotsana tse tlamiloeng ka morabe, e beha tšitiso e kholo ho tharollo e nang le kahlolo e nang le toka bakeng sa koluoa ​​ea mekhahlelo e mengata. Moelelong ona, mekhatlo e tsoelang pele ea mekhatlo ea sechaba e bapala karolo ea mantlha ho phehelleng liphetoho tse hlokahalang tsa sistimi. Potso ke hore: na bonngoe ba mekhatlo e nang le taba e le 'ngoe bo ka hahuoa haufi le lenaneo le tloaelehileng le qobang Utopianism le phetoho feela? Hape, na motsamao oa mekhatlo o tla bokella taeo e lekaneng ho lula o se mabifi, o ikemiselitse ka tieo ho se utloe ha sechaba? Likarabo tsa lipotso tsena ka bobeli li tlameha ho ba ee - haeba re batla ho etsa se sa khonehang, se khonahale.

Richard Sandbrook ke Moprofesa Emeritus oa Saense ea Lipolotiki Univesithing ea Toronto. Libuka tsa morao-rao li kenyelletsa Reinventing Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible (2014), khatiso e ntlafalitsoeng le e atolositsoeng ea Civilizing Globalization: A Survival Guide (co-editor and co-author, 2014), le Social Democracy in the Global Moeli: Tšimoloho, Liphephetso, tebello (mongoli-'moho, 2007).