By Alicia Sanders-Zakre 'me Susi Snyder, Boikarabello bo Ikarabellang, August 12, 2021
Haeba u bala tlaleho e mabapi le libetsa tsa nyutlelie, ho ka etsahala hore e phatlalalitsoe ke tanka e nahanang e tšehelitsoeng ke k'hamphani e hlahisang libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Ka har'a rona morao tjena ho ithuta tšebeliso ea chelete ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara, re fumane hore hoo e ka bang litanka tsohle tse kholo tse sebetsanang le litaba tsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie li nkile chelete ho lik'hamphani tse amehang indastering ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho 2020 - ho hlahisa lipotso mabapi le boipuso ba bona ba kelello le boits'oaro bo botle.
Tlalehong eo, re kenyelletsa litanka tse 12 tse nahanang, tse nkiloeng ho li-tanki tse phahameng tsa Global Think Tank Index tse hlahisang khafetsa ka libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse tsoang Fora, India, United Kingdom le United States. Re fumane hore lik'hamphani tse 21 tse fumaneng likonteraka tsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie li file lithuso tsena tsa lithuso lithuso tsa lichelete ka lidolara tse limilione tse 10 ka selemo se le seng feela, joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe litlalehong tsa selemo le selemo tsa libaka tsa litanka tsa monahano. Taba ena ke ea tsamaiso. Ha se tanka e le 'ngoe ea ho nahana, kapa lithuso tse' maloa tsa $ 100,000. Halofo ea litanka tse nahannoeng tse fapakaneng e amohetse chelete e fetang liranta tse milione ka selemo ho tsoa bonyane lik'hamphaning tse robong tse sebetsang ka libetsa tsa nyutlelie.
Likhamphani tsena ha li fane feela ka chelete; Batsamaisi ba bohlokoa le bona ba hlokomela le ho eletsa litanka tse 'maloa tsa monahano. Baokameli ba bararo ba lik'hamphani tse hlahisang libetsa tsa nyutlelie - Guillaume Faury (Airbus), Gregory J. Hayes (Raytheon), le Marillyn A. Hewson (ho fihlela haufinyane Lockheed Martin) - ba lula botong ea boeletsi ea Lekhotla la Atlantic. Setsi sa New American Security se na le pale e ts'oanang: ho fihlela ho $ 1.8 milione e fumanoeng ho tsoa likhamphaning tse sebetsang ka libetsa tsa nyutlelie le litulo tse hlano tsa boto bakeng sa bao mekhoa ea bona ea boipheliso e tlameletsoeng ho hlahiseng libetsa tsa nyutlelie.
Likhokahanyo tsena ke bothata ka mabaka a mabeli: e hlahisa lipotso mabapi le boipuso ba litanka tse nahanang, 'me e ba tlamahanya le lik'hamphani tse etsang liketso tse mpe tse thibetsoeng tlasa molao oa machabeng.
Ha ho nahanoa ka matla ao litanka tsena tsa monahano li batlang ho ba le ona ho feta leano la nyutlelie, hore na a ka bōptjoa joang ke bafani ba lichelete ba nang le tjantjello ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie ke potso ea bohlokoa. Ha ho etsoa leano ho potoloha litaba tse kotsing ea kotsi e sa khetholloeng, ho hlokahala sebaka se eketsehileng lipakeng tsa ba ruang molemo ka ho se sebetse le ba reng ba ikemetse ka kelello.
Mothating ona, ha re tsebe hore na limilione tse amoheloang ke litanka tse kholo tsa monahano li amme mosebetsi oa bona joang, ka lebaka le leng ka lebaka la ho hloka ponaletso le leeme le sa utloeng letho. Ha se litanka tsohle tse nahanang tse senolang bafani ba tsona ba lichelete. Bakeng sa ba e etsang, bongata ha bo senole chelete e ikhethileng ea lenaneo, mme ke ka seoelo bo fanang ka lintlha mabapi le lichelete kapa projeke e ikhethileng. Patlisiso ea rona ha e fane ka bopaki ba hore litanka tse nahanang li ngola tlhoko ea ho boloka tšireletso ea nyutlelie, kapa ho aha mekhoa e mecha ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie, etsa joalo hobane lik'hamphani tse tla una molemo likonterakeng tsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie li kanna tsa ba li lefetse lijo tsa mots'eare liseminareng tsa bona, kapa meputso bakeng sa basebetsi ba bona. .
Empa litlamorao tse akaretsang tsa lichelete ho hlahiseng tsebo li thehiloe hantle makaleng a mang. Bukeng ea 2020, Naomi o rekile o fumane hore mohloli oa lichelete o na le tšusumetso e kholo sephethong sa lithuto tsa thuto ea maoatle. Simone Turchetti o ngotse pejana selemong sena ka boiteko ba NATO ba ho koahela lithuto tse senyang lipolotiki mariha a nyutlelie. Le a thuto 2018 ho American Journal on Public Health mabapi le lichelete tsa indasteri ea lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba li fumane meeli ho li-ajenda tsa lipatlisiso tsa bajalefa le tharollo ea melaoana e reriloeng. Setsi sa Leano la Machabeng Tšusumetso ea kantle ho naha Morero oa ponaletso khafetsa e tlaleha ka "indasteri ea tšusumetso ea kantle ho naha e sebetsang ho theha leano la kantle ho naha la US," ho kenyeletsoa le tlaleho 2020 ka chelete ea likonteraka tsa ts'ireletso ho litanka tse kholo tsa Amerika tsa 50 ka nako ea lilemo tse hlano.
Mme leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba litanka tse nahanang hangata ba hana tšusumetso efe kapa efe ho tsoa ho batšehetsi ba bona ba hlahisang libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Bao ho buisanoeng le bona pele ho phatlalatso ea rona ba supa litlaleho tsa taolo ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie le maano a boipuso e le bopaki ba boikemisetso ba bona. Leha ho le joalo, basebeletsi ba tanka ea ho nahana ba kanna ba se ke ba tseba ka botlalo hore na lithahasello tsa bafani ba lichelete li susumetsa se boleloang le kae. Sena se bolela hore lipolelo tse hlakileng tsa boipuso ba litanka tsa ho nahana, ha e ntse e le mohato o nepahetseng, ha li hlokomolohe kotsi ea leeme. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, chelete e lebisitsoeng lenaneong le leng ka tankeng ea ho nahana e ntse e ka susumetsa libaka tse ling. Joalo ka ha ho le thata ho tiisa ka ho hlaka tšusumetso ea chelete ena, haholoholo ntle le lipatlisiso tse ling, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho hana ka botlalo hore $ 10 milione ho isa ho litanka tse nahanang ha e etse phapang lefapheng la leano la nyutlelie.
Ntle le matšoenyeho a ts'usumetso, litanka tse nahanang li lokela ho nahana ka optics ea ho nka chelete ho lik'hamphani tse hlahisang libetsa tsa timetso e kholo, tse sa tsoa thibeloa tlasa molao oa machabeng ka Tumellano ea Thibelo ea Nuclear Weapons. Kamohelo ea selekane sena e sutumelitse libanka le litsi tsa lichelete ho khaola maqhama le baetsi ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Nahana hore litanka li lokela ho latela.
Makala le matsapa a mang a loantše chelete e tsekisano ea likhoebo ekaba ka ho lemoha kotsi ea ts'usumetso kapa hobane e shebahala e le mpe. Letlole la Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho le ntse le chesoa ka ho amohela chelete ho tsoa indastering ea mafura. Karolo ea indasteri ea koae e ne e le kotsi hoo ho Kopano ea Moralo oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo mabapi le Taolo ea koae, mekha e tlamehile ho sireletsa "melaoana ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba litabeng tsa khoebo le lithahasello tse ling tsa indasteri ea koae."
Taba ena ke taba ea bohlokoa empa ehlile ha se lebaka. Matanka a nahanang a tlameha ho amohela hore ho na le bothata mme a nke bohato ba makhaola-khang. Ka bomong kapa ka kopanelo ba itlama hore ba ke ke ba amohela chelete ho tsoa ho lik'hamphani tse sebetsang ka libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Ho se ntse ho na le mekhatlo e meng ea lipatlisiso lebaleng, ho kenyeletsoa le Mokhatlo oa Taolo ea Lihlomo le Federation ea Bo-rasaense ba Amerika, e sa kang ea amohela chelete efe kapa efe ho tsoa ho baetsi ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie selemong se fetileng.
Re supile bothata ba lichelete tsa tanka ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie, 'me joale ho ho litanka tsena tsa monahano ho e lokisa. Hafeela liakhaonte tsa bona tsa banka le likamore tsa boto li tletse ka phaello le phaello ea lithahasello tse fumanehang, boikemelo le bots'epehi ba lipatlisiso tsa bona le tharollo ea leano li tla belaelloa.
