Ka WILPF, IPB, WBW, Pulungoana 6, 2022
Mongoli e Moholo ea ratehang Stiell le Motsamaisi Violetti,
Pele ho Seboka sa Mekha (COP) 27 naheng ea Egepeta, mekhatlo ea rona, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Khotso le Tokoloho (WILPF), Ofisi ea Machaba ea Khotso le World BEYOND War, ka kopanelo re le ngolla lengolo lena le bulehileng mabapi le matshwenyeho a rona a amanang le ditlamorao tse mpe tsa mesi ya sesole le ditjeho mathateng a tlelaemete. Ha likhohlano tsa libetsa li ntse li kupa Ukraine, Ethiopia le Caucasus Boroa, re tšoenyehile haholo hore ho ntšoa ha sesole le litšenyehelo li senya tsoelo-pele ea Tumellano ea Paris.
Re etsa boipiletso ho Bongoli ba Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Moralo oa Tlelaemete (UNFCCC) ho etsa boithuto bo khethehileng le ho tlaleha phatlalatsa ka khabone ea sesole le ntoa. Re boetse re kopa hore Secretariat e ithute le ho tlaleha ka tšebeliso ea sesole ho latela maemo a lichelete tsa leholimo. Re khathatsehile hore mesi ea sesole le lits'enyehelo li ntse li eketseha, li sitisa matla a linaha ho fokotsa le ho ikamahanya le koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo. Re boetse re tšoenyehile ka hore lintoa tse ntseng li tsoela pele le bora pakeng tsa linaha li senya tšebelisano-’moho e hlokahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ho finyella Tumellano ea Paris le Maikemisetso a Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella a Machaba a Kopaneng.
Ho tloha ha e qala, UNFCCC ha e so kenye lenaneong la COP taba ea khabone e tsoang sesoleng le ntoeng. Rea hlokomela hore Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) e hlokometse hore ho na le monyetla oa hore ho be le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e bakang likhohlano tse mabifi empa IPCC ha e e-s’o nahane ka likhase tse feteletseng tse tsoang sesoleng ho ea ho phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Leha ho le joalo, sesole ke sona se sebelisang mafura a mangata ka ho fetisisa 'me se ntša carbon e kholo mebusong ea mekha ea linaha. Sesole sa United States ke moreki e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa lihlahisoa tsa peterole lefatšeng. The Litšenyehelo tsa Morero oa Ntoa Univesithing ea Brown e lokolitse tlaleho ka selemo sa 2019 e nang le sehlooho se reng "Tšebeliso ea Mafura a Pentagon, Phetoho ea Boemo ba Leholimo le Litšenyehelo tsa Ntoa" e bonts'itseng hore tlhahiso ea khabone ea sesole sa US e kholo ho feta linaha tse ngata tsa Europe. Linaha tse ngata li tsetela mekhoeng e mecha ea libetsa tse tsamaisoang ke mafura, joalo ka lifofane tsa ntoa, likepe tsa ntoa le likoloi tse nang le lihlomo, tse tla etsa hore k'habone e koalehe ka lilemo tse mashome le ho thibela ho senyeha ha carbon ka potlako. Leha ho le joalo, ha ba na merero e lekaneng ea ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha sesole le ho finyella ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon ka 2050. Re kopa hore UNFCCC e behe lenaneong la COP e latelang taba ea ho ntša sesole le ntoa.
Selemong se fetileng, tšebeliso ea lichelete tsa sesole lefatšeng ka bophara e nyolohetse ho $2.1 trillion (USD), ho latela Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Lichelete tse hlano tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa sesole ke United States, China, India, United Kingdom le Russia. Ka 2021, US e sebelisitse $ 801 bilione sesoleng sa eona, se neng se ikarabella bakeng sa 40% ea litšenyehelo tsa sesole sa lefats'e le ho feta linaha tse robong tse latelang li kopantsoe. Selemong sena, tsamaiso ea Biden e ekelitse chelete e sebelisoang sesoleng sa US ho ea holimo ho $840 bilione. Ho fapana le tekanyetso ea US bakeng sa Setsi sa Tšireletso ea Tikoloho, se ikarabellang bakeng sa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ke $ 9.5 bilione feela. 'Muso oa Brithani o rera ho eketsa chelete ea sesole habeli ho £ 100 limilione tse likete ka 2030. Ho hobe le ho feta, 'muso oa Brithani o ile oa phatlalatsa hore o tla fokotsa lichelete ho tloha phetohong ea maemo a leholimo le thuso ea linaheng tse ling ho sebelisa chelete e ngata ho reka libetsa ho ea Ukraine. Jeremane e boetse e phatlalalitse phaello ea € 100 bilione ho tšebeliso ea eona ea sesole. Ka tekanyetso ea morao-rao ea federal, Canada e ile ea eketsa tekanyetso ea eona ea ts'ireletso hona joale ho $ 35 limilione tse likete / selemo ka $ 8 limilione tse likete lilemong tse hlano tse tlang. Litho tsa Mokhatlo oa North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) li eketsa chelete ea sesole ho finyella sepheo sa 2% sa GDP. Tlaleho ea morao-rao ea litšenyehelo tsa ts'ireletso ea NATO e bontša hore chelete ea sesole bakeng sa linaha tsa eona tse mashome a mararo e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse fetileng tsa 7 ho tloha ho $ 896 limilione tse likete ho ea ho $ 1.1 trillion USD ka selemo, e leng 52% ea lichelete tsa sesole sa lefats'e (Chate 1). Keketseho ena e feta $211 bilione ka selemo, e leng palo e fetang habeli ea boitlamo ba ho tšehetsa boemo ba leholimo.
Ka 2009 ho COP 15 Copenhagen, linaha tse ruileng tsa Bophirimela li ile tsa etsa boitlamo ba ho theha letlole la selemo le selemo la liranta tse libilione tse 100 ka 2020 ho thusa linaha tse tsoelang pele ho ikamahanya le koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo, empa li ile tsa hloleha ho fihlela sepheo sena. Ka Mphalane o fetileng, linaha tsa Bophirima tse etelletsoeng pele ke Canada le Jeremane li phatlalalitse Leano la Phepelo ea Lichelete tsa Tlelaemete tse bolelang hore ho tla nka ho fihlela 2023 ho fihlela boitlamo ba bona ba ho bokella $ 100 bilione selemo se seng le se seng ka Green Climate Fund (GCF) ho thusa linaha tse futsanehileng ho sebetsana le koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo. . Linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ke tsona tse ikarabellang bakeng sa koluoa ena, empa ke tsona tse anngoeng haholo ke maemo a leholimo a feteletseng a bakoang ke boemo ba leholimo 'me li hloka ka potlako lichelete tse lekaneng bakeng sa ho ikamahanya le maemo le tahlehelo le tšenyo.
Ho COP 26 Glasgow, linaha tse ruileng li ile tsa lumellana ho eketsa chelete ea tsona habeli bakeng sa ho ikamahanya le maemo, empa li hlōlehile ho etsa joalo 'me li hlōlehile ho lumellana ka lichelete bakeng sa tahlehelo le tšenyo. Ka Phato selemong sena, GCF e ile ea thakhola letšolo la eona la ho tlatselletsa hape la bobeli ho tsoa linaheng. Tšehetso ena ea lichelete e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho mamella boemo ba leholimo le phetoho e nepahetseng e arabelang tekano le e lebisitsoeng ho lichaba tse tlokotsing. Ho e-na le ho bokella matlotlo bakeng sa toka ea boemo ba leholimo, selemong sena se fetileng, linaha tsa Bophirimela li ekelitse chelete ea sechaba ka potlako bakeng sa libetsa le ntoa. Re kopa hore UNFCCC e hlahise taba ea tšebeliso ea chelete sesoleng e le mohloli oa lichelete bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa lichelete tsa boemo ba leholimo: GCF, Letlole la Adaptation Fund, le Loss and Damage Financing Facility.
Ka September, nakong ea Phehisano e Akaretsang ho Machaba a Kopaneng, baeta-pele ba linaha tse ngata ba ile ba nyatsa tšebeliso ea chelete ea sesole 'me ba etsa hore ho be le kamano le bothata ba boemo ba leholimo. Tona-khōlō ea Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare o itse, “Ka masoabi ho sebelisoa matlotlo a mangata lintoeng ho feta ho loantšeng phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, sena ke bomalimabe bo boholo.” Letona la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha la Costa Rica Letona la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha la Costa Rica, Arnaldo André-Tinoco o hlalositse,
“Ke ntho e sa utloahaleng hore le hoja batho ba limilione ba emetse liente, meriana kapa lijo ho pholosa bophelo ba bona, linaha tse ruileng ka ho fetisisa li tsoela pele ho beha mehloli ea tsona pele ka lihlomo ka litšenyehelo tsa boiketlo ba batho, boemo ba leholimo, bophelo bo botle le ho hlaphoheloa ka ho lekana. Ka 2021, tšebeliso ea lichelete tsa sesole lefatšeng ka bophara e ile ea tsoela pele ho eketseha bakeng sa selemo sa bosupa se latellanang ho fihlela palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa eo re kileng ra e bona nalaneng. Kajeno Costa Rica e pheta pitso ea eona ea phokotso ea butle le e tsitsitseng ea tšebeliso ea sesole. Bakeng sa libetsa tse ngata tseo re li hlahisang, re tla phonyoha le boiteko ba rona bo matla ba taolo le taolo. E mabapi le ho etelletsa pele bophelo le boiketlo ba batho le polanete ho feta phaello e tla etsoa ka libetsa le ntoa. ”
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Costa Rica e ile ea felisa sesole sa eona ka 1949. Tsela ena ea ho tlosa sesole ka lilemo tse fetileng tsa 70 e entse hore Costa Rica e be moetapele oa lipuisano tsa decarbonization le mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng. Selemong se fetileng ho COP 26, Costa Rica e ile ea thakhola "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" mme naha e ka matlafatsa boholo ba motlakase oa eona ho lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng. Kopanong e Akaretsang ea UN selemong sena, Mopresidente oa Colombia Gustavo Petro Urrego le eena o ile a nyatsa lintoa tse "iqapetsoeng" Ukraine, Iraq, Libya le Syria mme a pheha khang ea hore lintoa li sebelitse e le lebaka la ho se loants'e phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Re kopa hore UNFCCC e tobane ka kotloloho le mathata a hokahaneng a sesole, ntoa le koluoa ea boemo ba leholimo.
Selemong se fetileng, bo-rasaense Dr. Carlo Rovelli le Dr. Matteo Smerlak ba ile ba theha Global Peace Dividend Initiative. Ba ile ba pheha khang sengolong sa bona sa morao-rao se reng, "A Small Cut in World Military Spending Can Help Fund Climate, Health and Poverty Solutions" e phatlalalitsoeng ho Scientific American hore linaha li lokela ho khutlisetsa tse ling tsa $ 2 trillion "e senyehileng selemo se seng le se seng peisong ea libetsa tsa lefats'e" ho Green. Letlole la Tlelaemete (GCF) le lichelete tse ling tsa ntlafatso. Khotso le phokotso le kabo bocha ea tšebeliso ea sesole molemong oa lichelete tsa boemo ba leholimo li bohlokoa ho fokotsa ho futhumala ha lefatše ho likhato tse 1.5. Re kopa Bongoli ba UNFCCC ho sebelisa ofisi ea hau ho hlokomelisa batho ka litlamorao tsa mesi ea sesole le litšenyehelo tsa sesole bothateng ba boemo ba leholimo. Re kopa hore o behe lintlha tsena lenaneng le tlang la COP le ho fana ka boithuto bo khethehileng le tlaleho ea sechaba. Khohlano e matla ea lihlomo le ho eketseha ha chelete ea sesole li ke ke tsa hlola li hlokomolohuoa haeba re ikemiselitse ho thibela phetoho e mpe ea boemo ba leholimo.
Qetellong, re lumela hore khotso, ho fokotsa lihlomo le ho fokotsa sesole ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa phokotso, phetoho ea phetoho, le toka ea boemo ba leholimo. Re ka thabela monyetla oa ho kopana le uena 'me re ka fihlelleha ka tlhahisoleseding ea puisano ea ofisi ea WILPF e ka holimo. WILPF e tla boela e romela moifo ho COP 27 mme re ka thabela ho kopana le lona ka seqo Egepeta. Lintlha tse ling mabapi le mekhatlo ea rona le mehloli ea tlhaiso-leseling e lengolong la rona li kentsoe ka tlase. Re labalabela karabo ea hau. Re leboha tlhokomelo ea hau litabeng tsa rona.
ka tieo,
Madeleine Rees
Mongoli Kakaretso
Selekane sa Machaba sa Basali bakeng sa Khotso le Tokoloho
Sean Conner
Motsamaisi e Moholo Ofisi ea Machaba ea Khotso
David Swanson Co-Mothehi le Motsamaisi e Moholo
World BEYOND War
MABAPI LE MEKHATLO EA RONA:
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF): WILPF ke mokhatlo o thehiloeng ho litho o sebetsang ka melao-motheo ea basali, ka bonngoe le ts'ebelisano 'moho le baitseki, marang-rang, lilekane, liforomo le mekhatlo ea sechaba. WILPF e na le Litho le Lihlopha linaheng tse fetang 40 le balekane ho pota lefatše mme ntlo-khōlō ea rona e thehiloe Geneva. Pono ea rōna ke ea lefatše la khotso ea ka ho sa feleng e hahiloeng holim’a metheo ea basali ea tokoloho, toka, ho hloka pefo, litokelo tsa botho, le tekano bakeng sa bohle, moo batho, polanete, le baahi ba bang bohle ba eona ba phelang hammoho ’me ba atleha ka kutloano. WILPF e na le lenaneo la ho fokotsa lihlomo, Ho Finyella Thato e Bohlokoa e thehiloeng New York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Lintlha tse ling tsa WILPF: www.wilpf.org
International Peace Bureau (IPB): The International Peace Bureau e inehetse ho pono ea Lefatše le se nang Ntoa. Lenaneo la rona la mantlha la hajoale le shebana le Theko ea Lihlomo bakeng sa Tsoelo-pele e Tsoelang Pele 'me ka har'a sena, re tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo mabapi le ho arola bocha litšenyehelo tsa sesole. Re lumela hore ka ho fokotsa lichelete bakeng sa lefapha la sesole, chelete e ngata e ka lokolloa bakeng sa merero ea sechaba, malapeng kapa linaheng tse ling, e leng se ka lebisang ho phethahala ha litlhoko tsa sebele tsa batho le ho sireletsa tikoloho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, re ts'ehetsa matšolo a mangata a ho fokotsa lihlomo le ho fana ka lintlha tse mabapi le maemo a moruo a libetsa le likhohlano. Mosebetsi oa rona oa lets'olo mabapi le ho fokotsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie o qalile ka bo-1980. Mekhatlo ea rona ea litho tse 300 linaheng tse 70, hammoho le litho ka bomong, li theha marang-rang a lefats'e, a kopanyang tsebo le boiphihlelo ba ho etsa lets'olo ka sepheo se le seng. Re hokahanya litsebi le babuelli ba sebetsang litabeng tse tšoanang e le ho aha mekhatlo e matla ea sechaba. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, IPB e ile ea thakhola lets'olo la lefats'e la tšebeliso ea chelete sesoleng: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ e bitsang phokotso le kabo bocha litlhoko tse potlakileng tsa sechaba le tsa tikoloho. Lintlha tse ling: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War ke mokhatlo oa lefatše lohle o sa feliseng ntoa ho felisa ntoa le ho theha khotso e nang le toka le e tšoarellang. Re ikemiselitse ho theha tlhokomeliso ka tšehetso e tummeng ea ho felisa ntoa le ho ntšetsa pele tšehetso eo. Re sebeletsa ho ntšetsa pele mohopolo oa hore re se ke ra thibela ntoa e itseng feela empa re felise setheo sohle. Re loanela ho khutlisetsa tloaelo ea ntoa sebakeng sa khotso eo ho eona mekhoa ea ho rarolla likhohlano e nkang tšollo ea mali. World BEYOND War e qalile ka la 1 Pherekhong 2014. Re na le likhaolo le mekhatlo e amanang le eona lefatšeng ka bophara. WBW e phatlalalitse boipiletso ba lefats'e ka bophara "COP27: Emisa ho Kenyelletsa Tšilafalo ea Sesole ho Tumellano ea Boemo ba Leholimo": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Lintlha tse ling mabapi le WBW li ka fumanoa mona: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
mehloli e:
Canada le Jeremane (2021) "Leano la Kabo ea Lichelete tsa Boemo ba Leholimo: Ho Kopana le Sepheo sa US $ 100 Bilione": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Tlhokomelo ea Likhohlano le Tikoloho (2021) "Tlas'a radar: Boemo ba khabone ba likarolo tsa sesole sa EU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- footprint- tsa-ea-EUs-sesole-likarolo.pdf
Crawford, N. (2019) “Tšebeliso ea Mafura a Pentagon, Phetoho ea Tlelaemete, le Litšenyehelo tsa Ntoa”:
https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "UK ho sebelisa boemo ba leholimo le chelete ea thuso ho reka libetsa bakeng sa Ukraine," Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
Mokhatlo oa North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2022) NATO Defense Expenditures Report, June 2022:
OECD (2021) "Maemo a shebileng pele a lichelete tsa boemo ba leholimo tse fanoeng le ho bokelloa ke linaha tse tsoetseng pele ka 2021-2025: Tekanyetso ea tekheniki": https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a53aac3b- en.pdf?expires=1662416616&ididf? =id&accname=moeti&checksum=655B79E12E987B035379B2F08249 7ABF
Rovelli, C. le Smerlak, M. (2022) "Sekhao se Senyenyane sa Tšebeliso ea Sesole sa Lefatše se ka Thusa Litharollo tsa Tlelaemete, Bophelo bo Botle le Bofutsana," Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- ho itšeha-lefatšeng-ho sebelisa chelete-ea-sesole-ho ka thusa-letlole-le-climate-bophelo-le-bofutsana-tharollo/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Chelete ea ts'ireletso ea UK e imenne habeli ho £100bn ka 2030, ho bolela Letona," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- ho-double-to-100m-by- 2030-re-tona
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2022) Mekhoa ea Litšenyehelo tsa Sesole sa Lefatše, 2021:
Lenaneo la Tikoloho la UN (2021): Boemo ba Lichelete bakeng sa Tlhaho https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
UNFCCC (2022) Lichelete tsa Boemo ba Leholimo: https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-finance-in-the-negotiations/climate-finance
United Nations (2022) General Debate, General Assembly, September 20-26: https://gadebate.un.org/en
