Ntoa ea Afghanistan e ea ho Literaeke tse seng Molaong tsa Drone

by LA Tsoelo-pele, September 30, 2021

Libeke tse tharo kamora hore tsamaiso ea hae e hlasele tlhaselo ea drone e bolaileng baahi ba 10 Kabul, Afghanistan, Mopresidente Joe Biden o buile le Kopano e Akaretsang ea Machaba a Kopaneng. O motlotlo o ile a re, "Ke eme mona kajeno, ka lekhetlo la pele ka mor'a lilemo tse 20, le United States e se ntoeng." Letsatsi pele ho moo, tsamaiso ea hae e ne e na le e qalile seteraeke sa drone Syria, le libeke tse tharo pejana, US e ne e ile ea etsa seteraeke sa moea Somalia. Molaoli-hlooho le eena ho bonahala a lebetse hore mabotho a Amerika a ntse a loana bonyane linaheng tse fapaneng tse tšeletseng, ho kenyeletsoa Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Libya, Somalia le Niger. Mme o ts'episitse ho tsoelapele ho bomoa Afghanistan a le hole.

Ka bomalimabe ho ntša ha Biden mabotho a US Afghanistan ho na le moelelo o fokolang ha ho hlahlojoa ho latela boitlamo ba tsamaiso ea hae ba ho "holimo-holimo”Litlhaselo naheng eo ho tloha hole leha re ke ke ra ba le mabotho fatše.

“Mabotho a rona ha a khutlele hae. Re hloka ho bua 'nete ka seo, "Rep. Tom Malinowski (D-New Jersey) itse nakong ea bopaki ba congress ke Mongoli oa Naha Antony Blinken pejana khoeling ena. "Ba ntse ba ea libakeng tse ling hona sebakeng se le seng ho ea etsa boromuoa bo tšoanang ba bokhukhuni, ho kenyeletsoa le Afghanistan."

Ha Biden a hula mabotho a Amerika ho tsoa Afghanistan, tsamaiso ea hae e ile ea qala sethunya sa mollo oa lihele ho tsoa ho drone ea Amerika e Kabul e bolaileng baahi ba 10, ho kenyeletsoa le bana ba supileng, mme a bua leshano ka hona. Molulasetulo oa Marena a Kopaneng a Basebetsi Gen. Mark Milley hanghang a re ke "otla ka ho loka”Ho sireletsa masole a US ha a tloha.

Biden o latela mehatong ea ba tlileng pele ho eena ba bane, bao kaofela ha bona ba entseng literaeke tse seng molaong tsa drone tse bolaileng baahi ba bangata.

Hoo e ka bang libeke tse tharo hamorao, leha ho le joalo, an lipatlisiso tse batsi e khannoang ke The New York Times e senotse hore Zemari Ahmadi e ne e le mosebeletsi oa lithuso oa Amerika, eseng mosebeletsi oa ISIS, mme "liqhomane" tsa Toyota tseo drone e neng e lebisitsoe ho tsona e kanna ea ba libotlolo tsa metsi. Gen. Frank McKenzie, molaoli oa US Central Command, o ile a re seteraeke seo ke "phoso e mpe".

Polao ena e se nang kelello ea baahi e ne e se ketsahalo e le 'ngoe, leha e ile ea tsebahala ho feta literaeke tse ngata tsa nakong e fetileng tsa drone. Biden o latela mehatong ea ba tlileng pele ho eena ba bane, bao kaofela ha bona ba entseng literaeke tse seng molaong tsa drone tse bolaileng baahi ba bangata.

Boipelaetso ba Kabul drone "bo belaella ts'epahalo ea bohlale bo tla sebelisoa ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea" holimo ", Linako e boletse. Ka sebele, sena ha se ntho e ncha. "Bohlale" bo sebelisitsoeng ho tsamaisa literaeke tsa drone ke ho tsebahala hore ha e tšepahale.

Ka mohlala, ea Lingoloa tsa Drone e senotse hore hoo e ka bang liperesente tsa 90 tsa ba bolailoeng ke literaeke tsa drone nakong ea likhoeli tse hlano ka Pherekhong 2012 ho isa ho Hlakubele 2013 e ne e se sepheo se reriloeng. Daniel Hale, ea senotseng litokomane tse nang le Drone Papers, o sebeletsa likhoeli tse 45 teronkong ka lebaka la ho pepesa bopaki ba litlolo tsa molao tsa ntoa tsa US.

Drone Strike e Etsoang ke Bush, Obama, Trump le Biden ba bolaile Baahi ba bangata

Drones ha e hlahise mahlatsipa a fokolang a sechaba ho feta a bomo ea lifofane. Phuputso e ipapisitse le tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le sesole, e entsoeng ke Larry Lewis ho tsoa Setsing sa Tlhatlhobo ea Metsing le Sarah Holewinski oa Setsi sa Baahi Lintoeng, fumanoa hore ts'ebeliso ea li-drones naheng ea Afghanistan e bakile lefu la sechaba le fetang makhetlo a 10 ho feta lifofane tsa ntoa tsa ntoa.

Mohlomong lipalo tsena li tlase hobane sesole sa US se nka batho bohle ba bolailoeng mesebetsing eo e le "lira tse bolailoeng ka liketso". George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump le Biden kaofela ba okametse literaeke tsa drone tse bolaileng baahi ba bangata.

Bush e lumelloa hoo e ka bang literaeke tse 50 tsa drone tse bolaileng batho ba 296 bao ho thoeng ke "likhukhuni" le baahi ba 195 ba Yemen, Somalia le Pakistan.

Tsamaiso ea Obama e tsamaisitse Ho otla ha drone makhetlo a 10 ho feta ea pele ho eena. Nakong ea maemo a mabeli a Obama a le ofising, o ile a lumella literaeke tse 563 - haholoholo ka li-drones - ho la Somalia, Pakistan le Yemen, tsa bolaea lipakeng tsa baahi ba 384 le 807, ho latela Bureau of Investigative Journalism.

Trump, ea ileng a phutholla Obama melao e shebiloeng, o ile a bomoa linaha tsohle tseo Obama a neng a na le tsona, ho latela Micah Zenko, eo e kileng ea e-ba motho e moholo ho Lekhotla la Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha. Nakong ea lilemo tse peli tsa pele tsa Trump a le ofising, o ile a qala 2,243 drone e otla, ha e bapisoa le 1,878 maemong a mabeli a Obama ofising. Ho tloha ha tsamaiso ea Trump e ne e le ka tlase ho tse tlang ka lipalo tse nepahetseng tsa batho ba bolailoeng ke sechaba, ho ke ke ha tsebahala hore na ke baahi ba bakae ba bolailoeng leseling la hae.

Drones li thellisa ka holim'a litoropo ka lihora tse ngata, li ntša molumo o lerata oo tšosa sechaba, haholo-holo bana. Baa tseba hore drone e ka lihela bomo ho bona neng kapa neng. CIA e tsebisa "pompo e habeli," e sebelisa drone ho bolaea ba lekang ho pholosa ba lemetseng. Mme ho se lokelang ho bitsoa "pompo e meraro," hangata ba lebisa batho mapatong a llelang baratuoa ba bona ba bolailoeng litlhaselong tsa drone. Sebakeng sa ho re fokotsa likotsi tsa bokhukhuni, lipolao tsena li etsa hore batho ba linaheng tse ling ba hloee United States le ho feta.

Drone Strike Nakong ea "Ntoa e Tšosang" Ha e Molaong

Litlhaselo tsa Drone tse ileng tsa etsoa nakong ea "ntoa ea bokhukhuni" ha li molaong. Leha Biden a tšepisitse puong ea hae ea Kopano e Akaretsang ho "sebelisa le ho matlafatsa… Charter ea UN" mme a ts'episa "ho latela melao le litumellano tsa machabeng," literaeke tsa hae tsa drone, le tsa ba tlileng pele ho eena, li tlola Molao oa Tumellano le Likopano tsa Geneva.

Litlhaselo tsa sesole sa US le CIA drone li bolaile batho ba hakanyetsoang ho 9,000 ho isa ho 17,000 ho tloha 2004, ho kenyeletsoa bana ba 2,200 le baahi ba 'maloa ba US.

Tokomane ea UN e hanela ts'ebeliso ea mabotho a sesole khahlano le naha e ngoe ntle le ha o itšireletsa tlasa Article 51. Ka la 29 Phato, kamora hore drone ea Amerika e bolaee baahi ba 10 ba Kabul, US Central Command e e bitsitse "sefofane sa ho itšireletsa se sa etsoang ke motho ka nako e telele. ” Central Command e boletse hore seteraeke se ne se hlokahala ho thibela tlhaselo e haufi ea Boema-fofane ba Kabul ke ISIS.

Empa Lekhotla la Toka la Machaba le boletse hore linaha li ke ke tsa etsa kopo Article 51 khahlano le litlhaselo tse hlometseng tsa batšoantšisi bao eseng ba mmuso tse sa amaneng le naha e ngoe. ISIS e khahlanong le Ma-taliban. Litlhaselo tsa ISIS ka hona li ke ke tsa qosoa ho Ma-taliban, a boelang a laola Afghanistan.

Kantle ho libaka tsa likhohlano tse matla, "ts'ebeliso ea li-drones kapa mekhoa e meng ea polao e reretsoeng e kanna ea se be molaong," Agnès Callamard, moqolotsi ea khethehileng oa UN mabapi le ho ahlola ka mokhoa o hlokang toka, kakaretso kapa polao e se nang toka, tweeted. O ngotse hore "matla a bolaeang ka boomo kapa a ka 'nang a bolaea a ka sebelisoa feela moo ho hlokahalang ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tšokelo e haufi ea bophelo."

Baahi ha ho mohla ba ka hlaseloang ka molao ke sesole. Lipolao tse reretsoeng kapa tsa lipolotiki, tse tsejoang hape e le ho bolaoa ntle ho toka, li tlola molao oa machabeng. Ho bolaea ka boomo ke tlolo e kholo ea Likopano tsa Geneva tse ahloleloang e le botlokotsebe ba ntoa tlasa Molao oa botlokotsebe ba ntoa ea US. Polao e reretsoeng ho lumelloa ke molao ha feela ho nkuoa ho hlokahala ho sireletsa bophelo, 'me ha ho na mekhoa e meng - ho kenyeletsoa ho ts'oaroa kapa ho holofala ho seng kotsi - e fumanehang ho sireletsa bophelo.

Molao oa machabeng oa lithuso o hloka hore ha sesole se sebelisoa, se tlameha ho latela maemo a mabeli a phapang 'me teka-tekano. Phapang e laela hore tlhaselo e tlameha ho lula e khetholla lipakeng tsa bahlabani le baahi. Ho lekanngoa ho bolela hore tlhaselo e ke ke ea fetella ha e bapisoa le monyetla oa sesole o batloang.

Ho feta moo, Philip Alston, moqolotsi oa litaba ea khethehileng oa UN mabapi le ho ahlola ka leeme, ho akaretsa kapa ho bolaea ka likhoka, tlaleha, "Ho nepahala, ho nepahala le ho nepahala ha seteraeke sa drone ho ipapisitse le bohlale ba motho boo qeto ea sepheo e thehiloeng ho bona."

Baahi ha ho mohla ba ka hlaseloang ka molao ke sesole. Lipolao tse reretsoeng kapa tsa lipolotiki, tse tsejoang hape e le ho bolaoa ntle ho toka, li tlola molao oa machabeng.

Lipampiri tsa Drone li kenyelelitsoe litokomane tse lahliloeng e senola "ketane ea polao" tsamaiso ea Obama e sebelisitseng ho tseba hore na e lebisa mang. Baahi ba se nang palo ba bolailoe ba sebelisa "matšoao a bohlale" - likhokahano tsa kantle ho naha, radar le litsamaiso tse ling tsa elektroniki - libakeng tse sa tsejoeng tsa ntoa. Liqeto tse lebisitsoeng li entsoe ka ho latela liselefouno tse ka bang teng kapa tse ke keng tsa tsamaisoa ke babelaelloa ba likhukhuni. Halofo ea bohlale bo sebelisitsoeng ho supa liphofu tse ka bang teng Yemen le Somalia e ne e ipapisitse le bohlale ba matšoao.

Tsa Obama Tataiso ea Pholisi ea Mopresidente (PPG), e neng e na le melao e lebisitsoeng, e hlalositse mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea matla a bolaeang kantle ho "libaka tse mabifi." E hloka hore sepheo se be "ts'okelo e tsoelang pele" e atamelang. Empa Lefapha la Toka lekunutu hatisitsoeng pampiring o mosoeu e phatlalalitsoeng ka 2011 mme e phatlalalitsoe ka 2013 e lumelletse polao ea baahi ba US le ntle le "bopaki bo hlakileng ba hore tlhaselo e khethehileng ho batho ba US le lithahasello tsa bona e tla etsahala haufinyane." Sebaka seo ho nahanoang hore se ne se le tlase bakeng sa ho bolaea baahi bao e seng ba US.

PPG e boletse hore ho tlameha ho be le "haufi le bonnete ba hore HVT [sekhukhuni sa boleng bo holimo] kapa sepheo se seng sa bokhukhuni se molaong" se teng pele matla a bolaeang a ka tobisoa khahlanong le eena. Empa tsamaiso ea Obama e phatlalalitse "literaeke tsa ho saena" tse neng li sa tobise batho ka bomong, empa banna ba lilemong tsa sesole ba teng libakeng tsa liketso tse belaetsang. Tsamaiso ea Obama e hlalositse bahlabani (bao e seng baahi) e le banna bohle ba lilemong tsa sesole ba leng sebakeng sa seteraeke, "ntle le haeba ho na le bohlale bo hlakileng bo ba supang ba se na molato".

"Bohlale" boo literaeke tsa US tsa drone li ipapisitseng le bona ha bo tšepahale haholo. United States e nkile karolo khafetsa tlolong ea Molao oa Machaba a Kopaneng le Likopano tsa Geneva. Mme polao e seng molaong ea Amerika ka li-drones e hatakela tokelo ea bophelo e boletsoeng ho Tumellano ea Machabeng ea Litokelo tsa Botho le Lipolotiki, selekane se seng seo US e se amohetseng. E re, “Motho e mong le e mong o na le tokelo ea tlhaho ea ho phela. Tokelo ena e tla sireletsoa ke molao. Ha ho motho ea tla amohuoa bophelo ba hae ntle ho mabaka. ”

Kabul Drone Strike: "Molao oa Pele oa Mothati o latelang oa Ntoa ea Rōna"

"Seteraeke seo sa drone sa Kabul e ne e se ketso ea hoqetela ea ntoa ea rona," Moemeli Malinowski itse nakong ea bopaki ba Blinken ba kopano. "Ka bomalimabe e bile ketso ea pele mohatong o latelang oa ntoa ea rona."

"Ho tlameha ho ba le boikarabello," Sen. Christopher S. Murphy (D-Connecticut), setho sa Komiti ea Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha, o ngotse ka molaetsa oa Twitter. "Haeba ho se na litlamorao bakeng sa seteraeke se kotsi hakana, se supa lenaneong lohle la taelo ea hore ho bolaea bana le baahi ho tla mamelloa."

Ka Phuptjane, mekhatlo e 113 e nehetsoeng litokelo tsa botho, litokelo tsa botho le tokoloho ea sechaba, semorabe, toka ea tikoloho ea sechaba le litokelo tsa maqheku o ile a ngola lengolo ho Biden "ho batla hore ho felisoe lenaneo le seng molaong la literaeke tse bolaeang ka ntle ho lebala la ntoa le tsejoang, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea li-drones." Olivia Alperstein oa Setsi sa Lithuto tsa Leano tweeted hore United States e lokela "ho kopa tšoarelo ka literaeke tsohle tsa drone, le ho emisa ntoa ea drone hang le ruri.

Marjorie Cohn

E ngotsoe ka tumello ea mongoli ho tloha Ha e le hantle

Nakong ea beke ea la 26 Loetse-2 Mphalane, litho tsa Bahlaseluoa ba Khotso, Code Pink, Ban Killer Drones, 'me mekhatlo ea lilekane e nka bohato https://www.veteransforpeace.org/take-action/shut-down-creech kantle ho Creech Drone Air Force Base, ka leboea ho Las Vegas, khahlanong le li-drones tsa sesole. Li-drones tse laoloang hole tse tsoang metsing a mollo oa Creech Afghanistan, hammoho le Syria, Yemen le Somalia.