Mebuso e 50 ea khatello e tšehelitsoe ke 'Muso oa Amerika

Excerpted ho tloha Bahatelli ba 20 hajoale ba tšehelitsoe ke US ka David Swanson, la 19 Hlakubele 2020

Mohatelli ke motho a le mong ea nang le matla a feteletseng holim'a 'muso hoo batho ba bang ba o bitsang "matla a felletseng." Ho na le mekhahlelo ea bompoli, kapa - haeba u khetha - batho bao e leng bompoli ka tsela e itseng kapa ba bohatelli. Mebuso e hatellang e thibelang tokoloho, e hanang ho nka karolo, le ho hlekefetsa litokelo tsa botho e kenella haholo, empa eseng ka botlalo, ka bohatelli. Hobane ho na le lithuto le maemo a mangata a mebuso e hatellang ho feta a bompoli, hape hobane bothata ke khatello, eseng hore na ke mang ea e etsang, ke tlo batla motsotsoana lethathamong la mebuso e hatellang pele ke sheba taba ea. bahatelli ba tsamaisang bongata ba bona.

Ka 2017, Rich Whitney o ile a ngola sengoloa bakeng sa Trueout.org se bitsoang "US e Fana ka Thuso ea Sesole ho karolo ea 73 ea Peresente ea Bohatelli ba Lefatše."

Whitney o ne a sebelisa lentsoe "bompoli" e le kakanyo e mpe ea "mebuso e hatellang." Mohloli oa hae oa lethathamo la mebuso e hatellang ea lefats'e e ne e le Freedom House. Ka boomo o khethile mokhatlo ona o tšehelitsoeng ke US le o tšehelitsoeng ke mmuso oa US leha a na le leeme le hlakileng ho tse ling tsa liqeto tsa ona. Ntlo ea Tokoloho e bile joalo nyatsuoa haholo, eseng feela ka ho tšehetsoa ke 'muso o le mong (hammoho le lichelete ho tsoa mebusong e' maloa e ikopantseng) ha o ntse o hlahisa maemo a mebuso, eseng feela bakeng sa ho nyatsa khahlanong le lira tse khethiloeng ke US le molemong oa balekane ba khethiloeng ke US, empa hape le ho nka US chelete ea ho etsa mesebetsi ea lekunutu Iran le ho ts'ehetsa mokhethoa ea khethiloeng Ukraine. Ana kaofela ke mabaka a utloahalang a ho sheba lenane la lichaba tseo Freedom House e li bitsang "eseng mahala." Sena ke maikutlo a mmuso oa United States ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ka linaha tse ling, leha e kenyelletsa ho nyatsa haholo melaoana ea lapeng ea United States. Lethathamo le tsoang Ntlong ea Tokoloho le ka eketsoa, ​​'me le ka tlase, le la Lefapha la Naha la US Tlhaloso tlhekefetso ea litokelo tsa botho ea naha ka 'ngoe.

lumelle tokoloho ea House palo ea lichaba re "lokolohile," "re lokolohile ka karolo e 'ngoe" hape "ha re lokolohe." Maemo ana a nahanoa hore a ipapisitse le tokoloho ea sechaba le litokelo tsa lipolotiki ka har'a naha, ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho sa nahanoe ka tšusumetso ea naha lefats'eng lohle. Ka mantsoe a mang, naha e kanna ea jala tokoloho lefats'eng ka bophara ebe e fumana lintlha tse tlase haholo, kapa e jala khatello ho pota lefatše mme e fumana lintlha tse holimo haholo, e ipapisitse le melaoana ea eona ea lapeng.

Ntlo ea Tokoloho ha e mamelle bohatelli. Tse ling tsa lintlha tseo e nahanang ka tsona e kenyelletsa semolao le matla a moetapele oa naha, empa haeba mmuso o laoloang ka botlalo ke sehlopha se seholo o hatella sechaba ka matla, mmuso oo o lokela ho bitsoa "Ha o na Bolokolohi" ke Freedom House leha e se puso ea bompoli ka kutloisiso ea ho busoa ke motho a le mong.

Freedom House e nka linaha tse latelang tse 50 (ho nka lethathamong la linaha tsa Freedom House eseng libaka) ho "se lokolohe": Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Korea Leboea, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan Boroa, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Mmuso oa Amerika o lumella, oa hlophisa, kapa maemong a mang o bile o fana ka chelete bakeng sa thekiso ea libetsa tsa US ho tse 41 tsa linaha tsena. Ke liperesente tsa 82. Ho hlahisa palo ena, ke shebile thekiso ea libetsa tsa US lipakeng tsa 2010 le 2019 joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Arms Trade database, kapa sesole sa US ho tokomane e bitsitsoeng "Thekiso ea Sesole kantle ho Naha, Thekiso ea Kaho ea Sesole kantle ho Naha le Ts'ebelisano e 'Ngoe ea Ts'ireletso Litaba tsa Nalane: Ho tloha ka la 30 Loetse 2017." Mona ke tse 41: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Rephabliki ea Afrika Bohareng, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Rephabliki ea Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini (eo pele e neng e le Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Hopola, lena ke lenane la linaha tseo mokhatlo o tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke mmuso oa Amerika o li khethang "eseng mahala" empa eo United States e romellang libetsa tse bolaeang ho eona. Hona ke 82% ea linaha "tse sa lefelloeng", tse batlang li sa shebahale joalo ka nyeoe ea "liapole tse mpe" tse 'maloa. Ho fapana le moo, e batla e shebahala joalo ka leano le lumellanang. Motho o ikemiselitse haholo ho batla tlhaloso ea hore hobaneng ha 82% e se 100% ho feta hore na hobaneng e se 0%. Ebile, ho linaha tse robong "tse sa lefelloeng" tseo United States e sa romelleng libetsa ho tsona, boholo ba tsona (Cuba, Iran, Korea Leboea, Russia le Venezuela) ke linaha tse atisang ho khethoa e le lira ke mmuso oa Amerika, tse fanoang joalo ka mabaka a keketseho ea bajete ke Pentagon, e kentsoeng moea ke mecha ea litaba ea Amerika, mme e shebiloe ka likotlo tse kholo (mme maemong a mang ba leka ho phethola 'muso le litšokelo tsa ntoa). Boemo ba linaha tsena e le lira tse khethiloeng hape, ho ea ka bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba Freedom House, bo amana haholo le hore na tse ling tsa tsona li kene lenaneng la "eseng mahala" ho fapana le "linaha tse sa lefelloeng".

Ntle le ho rekisa le ho fana ka libetsa ho mebuso e hatellang, mmuso oa US o boetse o arolelana le bona theknoloji ea libetsa e tsoetseng pele. Sena se kenyeletsa mehlala e feteletseng joalo ka CIA e fanang ka merero ea bomo ea nyutlelie ho Iran, Tsamaiso ea Trump e batlang ho arolelana mahlale a nyutlelie le Saudi Arabia, le sesole sa US se hlometseng libetsa tsa nyutlelie naheng ea Turkey joalo ka ha Turkey e loantšana le bahlabani ba tšehetsoeng ke US ho Syria mme e tšosa ho koala likheo tsa NATO, le ho phatlalla theknoloji ea drone ho pota lefatše.

Joale, ha re nkeng lethathamo la mebuso e 50 e hatellang re shebe hore na ke efe eo 'muso oa United States o fanang ka koetliso ea sesole ho eona. Ho na le maemo a fapaneng a ts'ehetso e joalo, ho tloha ho ho ruta thupelo e le 'ngoe bakeng sa baithuti ba bane le ho fana ka lithuto tse ngata bakeng sa barupeli ba likete. United States e fana ka koetliso ea sesole ea mofuta o mong ho isa ho ba 44 ho ba 50, kapa liperesente tsa 88. Ke theha sena ka ho fumana lithupelo tse joalo tse thathamisitsoeng ho 2017 kapa 2018 ho o mong oa mehloli ena: Lefapha la Naha la US Tlaleho ea Koetliso ea Sesole ea Kantle ho Naha: Lilemo tsa Lichelete tsa Lichelete tsa 2017 le 2018: Tlaleho e Kopaneng ho Meqolo ea I ea Kopano 'me II, le Setsi sa United States sa Nts'etsopele ea Machaba (USAID) Tebello ea Budget ea DRM: TLHALOSO EA BOTSOALLE: LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHARA: Selemo sa Lichelete sa 2018. Mona ke tse 44: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Rephabliki ea Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (eo pele e neng e le Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Lethathamo lena ha le bonahale le tšoana le litšebelisano tse fokolang tsa lipalo, empa joalo ka leano le tiisitsoeng. Likarolo tse 'maloa tse khethollang li boetse li kenyelletsa Cuba le Korea Leboea ka mabaka a hlakileng. Lebaka leo ba kenyang Syria ka lona sena eseng litheko tsa thekiso ea libetsa ke hobane ke matsatsi ao ke ileng ka thibela patlo ena ho. United States e tsoile ho sebetsa ka matsoho le ho sebetsa le mmuso oa Syria ho leka ho e felisa (ka ho ts'oarana ka matsoho le ho sebetsa le marabele ho Syria ho fapana le mmuso).

Ke belaela hore batho ba bangata ba United States ba ne ba sa tsebe hore ka 2019, lilemo tsena tse ngata ka mor'a la 11 Loetse 2001, sesole sa US se ne se koetlisa bahlabani ba Saudi ho fofisa lifofane Florida ho fihlela e mong oa bona a etsa litaba tse ka ho thunya tlelase.

Ntle le moo, nalane ea koetliso ea sesole e fanoeng ke US ho masole a tsoang kantle ho naha, ka lits'ebeletso tse joalo ka Sekolo sa Amerika (Setsi sa Sechaba sa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ireletso ea Bophirima) se fana ka mohlala o hlophisitsoeng oa ho se tšehetse mebuso e hatellang feela, empa oa ho thusa ho ba tlatsa ho lla.

Joale ha re etseng lethathamo la mebuso e 50 e hatellang, hobane ntle le ho ba rekisa (kapa ho ba fa) libetsa le ho ba koetlisa, mmuso oa Amerika o fana ka lichelete ka kotloloho ho sesole sa kantle ho naha. Ho mebuso e 50 e hatellang, joalo ka ha e thathamisitsoe ke Freedom House, ba 32 ba fumana "lichelete tsa sesole kantle ho naha" kapa lithuso tse ling bakeng sa mesebetsi ea sesole ho tsoa mmuso oa Amerika, ka - ho bolokehile haholo ho bolela - khalefo e nyane ho boralitaba ba US kapa ho ba lefang lekhetho la US re utloa ka ho fana ka lijo ho batho ba United States ba lapileng. Lethathamo lena ke le thehile ho United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Tebello ea Budget ea DRM: TLHALOSO EA BOTSOALLE: LITLHAKISO TSE KHOLO: Selemo sa Lichelete sa 2017, 'me Tebello ea Budget ea DRM: TLHALOSO EA BOTSOALLE: LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHARA: Selemo sa Lichelete sa 2018. Mona ke tse 33: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Cambodia, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (eo pele e neng e le Swaziland), Ethiopia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos , Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan Boroa, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Ho mebuso e 50 e hatellang, United States e tšehetsa sesole bonyane ho e 'ngoe ea litsela tse tharo tse boletsoeng ka holimo ho 48 kapa liperesente tse 96, kaofela haese lira tse nyane tse khethiloeng tsa Cuba le Korea Leboea. Le ba bang ba bona, sesole sa US se fetela pele ho feta kamoo re seng re buile ka teng likamanong tsa sona le tšehetso ea mebuso ena e hatellang. Linaheng tsena, United States makalana palo e kholo ea mabotho a eona (ke hore a fetang 100): Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cuba *, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey le United Arab Emirates. Ha e le hantle Cuba e lethathamong lena, empa ke taba e fapaneng le tse ling. United States e boloka mabotho a Cuba a le khahlanong le bohanyetsi ba Cuba mme a nkile qeto ea ho se tšehetse mmuso oa Cuba. Ehlile, Iraq joale e kopile mabotho a US hore a tlohe, a e beha maemong a haufi le a Cuba.

Maemong a mang, ho kenella sesoleng ho ea pele. Sesole sa US se loana ntoa e kopanetsoeng le Saudi Arabia khahlanong le batho ba Yemen, le ho loana lintoa Iraq le Afghanistan ho ts'ehetsa mebuso e hatellang (joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ke Freedom House le Lefapha la Naha la US) tse entsoeng ke US-e etelletsoeng pele ke US lintoa. Mebuso e entsoeng ke mesebetsi ea kantle ho naha e ea hatella ebile e khopo ebile e rata ho boloka lintoa li ntse li tsamaea ho boloka matsoho le lidolara le mabotho a ntse a tsoa United States. Leha ho le joalo, mmuso oa Iraq o kopile sesole sa US hore se tsoe, 'me lipuo tsa tumellano ea khotso naheng ea Afghanistan li ntse li tsoela pele ho thella.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, United States e ntša thibelo ea Mamoseleme ea Trump, thibelo ea ho tsamaea Ho tsoa lichabeng tse ngata tseo United States li sebelisang libetsa, ho kenyeletsoa Eritrea, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria le Yemen. Motho a ke ke a batla batho ba hlometseng ka kotsi ba tsamaeang.

Mohloli o mong oa lenane la bohatelli ke CIA e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete Lebotho la Ts'ebetso ea Lipolotiki. Ho tloha ka selemo sa 2018, sehlopha sena se ile sa supa linaha tse 21 joalo ka batho ba ikemetseng, tse 23 e le li-anocracies (boemeli ba 'mele e le motsoako oa demokrasi le demokrasi),' me tse ling kaofela e le li-antiocracies, demokrasi kapa demokrasi e felletseng. Litaba tse 21 tse busoang ke tse latelang: Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Korea Leboea, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Eswatini (eo pele e neng e le Swaziland), Syria, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Sena se eketsa Bangladesh le Kuwait lenaneng la lichaba tseo re li shebileng. Sesole sa US se tšehetsa ba babeli le ba bang kaofela ba boletsoeng mona, ntle le Korea Leboea.

Kahoo re sheba lenane la mebuso e 50 e hatellang. Na ke lenane le nepahetseng? Na lichaba tse ling li lokela ho tlosoa ebe tse ling li eketsoa? Bohatelli ke bofe, hona babusi ba bohatelli ke bo mang?

E tsoela pele ka Bahatelli ba 20 hajoale ba tšehelitsoe ke US