By David Swanson, World BEYOND War, September 16, 2020
“Waxaan sameyn doonaa khiyaano sixir anigoo aqrinaya maskaxdaada,” waxaan u sheegayaa fasalka ardayda ama hoolka ama fiidiyowga oo ay ka buuxaan dad. Wax baan qorayaa. "Magaca dagaal xaq ah," waxaan leeyahay. Qof baa dhaha "Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka." Waxaan tusaa waxaan qoray: “WWII.” Sixir![i]
Haddii aan ku adkeysto jawaabaha dheeraadka ah, waxay had iyo jeer yihiin dagaallo xitaa horay uga sii badnaa WWII.[ii] Haddii aan weydiiyo sababta WWII ay u tahay jawaabta, jawaabtu had iyo jeer waa "Hitler" ama "Holocaust" ama ereyo saameyntaas leh.
Isweydaarsigan la saadaalin karo, ee aan iskaga dhigayo inaan leeyahay awoodo sixir ah, ayaa qayb ka ah muxaadaro ama aqoon isweydaarsi aan caadi ahaan ku bilaabo anigoo weyddiisanaya gacan taag si aan uga jawaabo laba su'aalood:
"Ayaa u maleynaya in dagaal uusan waligiis cudurdaar lahayn?"
iyo
“Kumaa u maleynaya in dhinacyada qaar dagaallada qaar mararka qaar ay xaq yihiin, in dagaal la galo mararka qaar ay tahay wax sax ah in la sameeyo?”
Caadi ahaan, su'aashaas labaad waxay heshaa inta badan gacmaha.
Kadib waxaan wadahadleynaa saacad ama wax lamid ah.
Kadib waxaan weydiiyaa isla su'aalaha markale dhamaadka. Halkaa marka ay marayso, su’aasha ugu horreysa (“Yey u maleyneysaa in dagaal uusan waligiis cudurdaar lahayn?”) Wuxuu helayaa inta badan gacmaha.[iii]
Haddii wareejintaas ay kaqeybgalayaasha qaarkood ay sii socdaan maalinta xigta ama sanadka ama inta aan noolahay ma ogi.
Waa inaan ku shaqeeyaa khiyaanadayda WWII si cadaalad ah horaantii muxaadarada, maxaa yeelay hadaanan samayn, hadaan waqti dheer ka hadlo ku saabsan difaaca militariga iyo maalgashiga nabada, markaa dad aad u tiro badan ayaa mar hore igu carqaladeeyay su'aalo sida "Ka waran Hitler ? ” ama "Ka waran WWII?" Marnaba ma dhacdo. Waxaan ka hadlayaa xaqdaro la'aanta dagaalka, ama rabitaanka in laga takhaluso adduunka dagaallada iyo miisaaniyadaha dagaalka, qofna wuxuu WWII u soo qaataa dood-diidmo.
Muxuu WWII ku sameeyaa kharashka milatariga? Maskaxda kuwa badan waxay muujineysaa wixii la soo dhaafay iyo baahida loo qabo kharashka milatariga si loogu bixiyo dagaalladii sida saxda ah loogu baahan yahay sida WWII.
Waan ka hadli doonaa su'aashan buug cusub, laakiin aan si kooban u sawiro halkan. In ka badan kala bar miisaaniyadda ku-meel-gaarka ah ee federaalka Mareykanka - lacagta Golaha Koongareesku go'aansado waxa lagu sameeyo sannad kasta, taas oo ka reebaysa qaar ka mid ah lacagaha waaweyn ee loogu talo galay hawlgabka iyo daryeelka caafimaadka - waxay aadayaan dagaal iyo u diyaargarow dagaal.[iv] Codbixinta ayaa muujineysa in dadka badankood aysan ka warqabin tan.[v]
Dowladda Mareykanka waxay ku bixisaa lacag aad uga badan dal kasta oo kale xagga militariga, sida ugu badan ee militariga kale ee waaweyn marka la isku daro[vi] - badankoodna dowladda Mareykanka ayaa ku cadaadisay inay iibsadaan hub badan oo Mareykan ah[vii]. Inkasta oo dadka badankood aysan ogayn tan, aqlabiyaddu waxay u maleynayaan in ugu yaraan xoogaa lacag ah looga wareejiyo militariga loona wareejiyo waxyaabaha sida daryeelka caafimaadka, waxbarashada, iyo ilaalinta deegaanka.
Bishii Luulyo 2020, ra'yi uruurin dadweyne ayaa heshay aqlabiyad xoog leh oo cod bixiyaasha Mareykanka ah iyagoo doorbidaya in 10% miisaaniyada Pentagon loo wareejiyo baahiyaha aadanaha ee deg degga ah.[viii] Kadib labada aqal ee Koongaraska Mareykanka waxay ucodeeyeen soo jeedintaas aqlabiyad xoog leh.[ix]
Guuldarradan matalaadda ma ahan inay naga yaabiso. Dowladda Mareykanka si dhib yar waligeed uma dhaqmin wax ka soo horjeeda danaha xoogga leh, danaha hodanka ah sababta oo ah aqlabiyadda ayaa doorbideysa wax ka mid ah natiijooyinka codeynta[X] Xitaa waa wax aad u caadi ah in saraakiisha la soo doortay ay ku faanaan iska indhatirka doorashooyinka si ay u raacaan mabaadi'dooda.
Si loogu dhiirrigeliyo Koongaraska inuu beddelo mudnaanta miisaaniyadda, ama inuu ku dhiirrigeliyo shirkadaha waaweyn ee warbaahinta inay dadka u sheegaan iyaga, waxay u baahan tahay wax badan oo ka badan bixinta jawaabta saxda ah ee ra'yi-ururiyaha. U wareejinta 10% ka baxsan Pentagon waxay u baahan tahay tiro aad u tiro badan oo dad ah oo si xamaasad leh u dalbanaya una mudaaharaadaya isbeddel aad uga ballaaran kan. 10% waa inay noqotaa tanaasul, laf lagu tuuro dhaqdhaqaaq ballaaran oo ku adkeysanaya 30% ama 60% ama ka badan.
Laakiin waxaa jira caqabad weyn oo ku saabsan jidka lagu dhisayo dhaqdhaqaaq noocaas ah. Markii aad bilowdo inaad ka hadasho beddelaad weyn oo loo geysto shirkadaha nabdoon, ama baabi'inta nukliyeerka, ama ugu dambeyn baabi'inta millatariga, waxaad u ordaysaa madaxa hore mowduuc la yaab leh oo aan wax badan ka qaban adduunka aad hadda ku nooshahay: WWII.
Ma aha caqabad aan laga gudbi karin. Had iyo jeer way joogtaa, laakiin maskaxda badankood, waayo-aragnimadayda, ayaa loo wareejin karaa xoogaa xoogaa ah saacad gudaheed. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan dhaqaajiyo maskax badan iyo inaan hubiyo in fahamka cusubi uu ku dheganaado. Taasi waa meesha buugeyga soo galo, iyo sidoo kale a koorso cusub oo khadka tooska ah ah ku saleysan buugga.
Buugga cusub wuxuu soo bandhigayaa kiiska sababta fikradaha khaldan ee ku saabsan Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka iyo sida ay maanta ugu habboon tahay aysan u qaabeynin miisaaniyadda dowladda. Markay kayar tahay 3% ee kharashaadka milatariga Mareykanka waxay joojin karaan gaajada dhulka[xi], markii xulashada halka la dhigayo kheyraadka ay qaabeyso nolol iyo geeri ka badan dagaallada oo dhan[xii], waxaa muhiim ah inaan xaq u helno.
Waa inay suurtogal noqotaa in la soo jeediyo soo celinta qarashka militariga heerkii 20 sano ka hor[xiii], dagaal la'aan laga bilaabo 75 sano kahor noqoshada diiradda wadahadalka. Waxaa jira diidmo iyo walaac aad ufiican oo laga yaabo inuu qofku soo bandhigo marka loo eego "Ka waran WWII?"
Hitler cusub ma imaanayaa? Soo noqoshada lama filaanka ah ee wax u eg WWII ma tahay suuragal mise suurtagal? Jawaabta su'aalahaas midkood waa maya. Si loo fahmo sababta, waxay caawin kartaa in la horumariyo faham wanaagsan waxa Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ahaa, iyo sidoo kale in la baaro inta adduunku is beddelay illaa WWII.
Xiisaha aan u leeyahay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ma ahan mid aan xiiseynayo dagaal ama hub ama taariikh. Waxaa dabada ka riixaya rabitaankeyga ah inaan ka wada hadlo hubka ka dhigista militariga iyadoo aan laga maqlin Hitler marar badan iyo in ka badan. Haddii aanu Hitler ahaan lahayn qof sidan u xun waxaan wali ku xanuunsan lahaa oo ku daali lahaa maqalkiisa.
Buuggayga cusub waa dood anshaxeed, ma aha shaqo cilmi baaris taariikhi ah. Kama aanan guuleysan wax codsi ah oo ku saabsan Sharciga Xorriyadda Macluumaadka, ma helin wax xusuus qor ah, ama ma jabin lambarro kasta. Waxaan ka hadlayaa heshiis weyn oo taariikh ah. Qaar baa aad u yar oo la yaqaan. Qaarkood waxay ka hor imaanayaan isfaham la’aan aad u caan ah - aad u badan sidaa darteed waxaan horeyba u helay e-maylo aan fiicnayn oo ka imanaya dadka aan wali buugga akhrin.
Laakiin gebi ahaanba midkoodna si dhab ah looma khilaafsan yahay ama laguma muransan yahay taariikhyahannada. Waxaan raadiyey inaanan wax ku darin iyada oo aan la helin dukumiinti culus, iyo halka aan ka ogahay wax khilaaf ah ee ku saabsan faahfaahin kasta, waan ka taxaddaray inaan ogaado. Uma maleynayo in kiiska ka dhanka ah WWII uu yahay dhiirigelin loogu talagalay maalgelinta dagaal ee dheeraadka ah waxay u baahan tahay wax ka badan xaqiiqooyinka aan dhamaanteen ku heshiin karno. Waxaan u maleynayaa in xaqiiqooyinkaasi ay si cad ugu horseedayaan gabagabo layaab leh iyo xitaa gabagabo.
[i] Waa kan PowerPoint aan u adeegsaday bandhiggan: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/endwar.pptx
[ii] Mareykanka dhexdiisa, khibradeyda, tartamayaasha hogaaminaya waa WWII, iyo meel fog iyo labaad oo saddexaad, Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Mareykanka iyo Kacaankii Mareykanka. Howard Zinn wuxuu ka hadlay kuwan soo bandhigiisa "Saddex Dagaal Quduus ah," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i39UdpR1F8 Khibradeyda waxay qiyaas ahaan la mid tahay codbixintii lagu sameeyay 2019 by YouGov, oo heshay 66% dadka Mareykanka ah ee la wareystay iyagoo leh WWII gabi ahaanba waa la caddeeyay ama xoogaa waa la caddeeyay (wax kastoo macnaheedu yahay), marka la barbar dhigo 62% ee Kacaankii Mareykanka, 54% Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Mareykanka, 52% WWI, 37% Dagaalkii Kuuriya, 36% Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Khaliijka, 35% dagaalka socda ee Afghanistan, iyo 22% Dagaalkii Vietnam. Eeg: Linley Sanders, YouGov, “Ameerika iyo xulafadeeda waxay ku guuleysteen D-Day. Miyay markale sameyn karaan? 3 Juunyo 2019 https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2019/06/03/american-wars-dday
[iii] Waxaan sidoo kale doodo la yeeshay borofisar West Point ah oo ku saabsan in dagaal weligiis qiil loo heli karo, iyadoo codbixinta dhagaystayaashu ay si aad ah uga soo horjeeddo fikradda ah in dagaal weligiis xaq looga dhigi karo dooda ka hor iyo ka dib. Eeg https://youtu.be/o88ZnGSRRw0 Munaasabadaha ay qabato hay'addu World BEYOND War, waxaan u adeegsanaa foomamkan si aan ugu baarno dadka isbeddelkooda fikrad ahaan: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/PeacePledge_101118_EventVersion1.pdf
[iv] Mashruuca Mudnaanta Qaranka, “Miisaaniyadda Militariga ee 2020,” https://www.nationalpriorities.org/analysis/2020/militarized-budget-2020 Faahfaahinta miisaaniyadda ikhtiyaariga ah iyo waxa aan ku jirin, eeg https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/spending
[v] Doorashooyinka mararka qaarkood ayaa la weydiiyay waxa dadku u maleeyeen miisaaniyadda milatari, iyo celceliska jawaabta ayaa si duurjoog ah uga baxday. Codbixintii Febraayo 2017 waxay heshay aqlabiyad rumaysan kharashka milatariga inuu ka yar yahay sida dhabta ah. Eeg Charles Koch Institute, "New Poll: Americans Crystal Clear: Status Foreign Foreign Status Quo Not Work," Febraayo 7, 2017, https://www.charleskochinstitute.org/news/americans-clear-foreign-policy-status-quo-not-working Waxa kale oo suurtagal ah in la isbarbardhigo sahanno dadka lagu muujiyo miisaaniyadda federaalka oo la waydiiyo sida ay u baddelayaan (inta badan waxay rabaan lacag badan oo ka baxsan millatariga) oo leh codbixinno si fudud u weydiiya in miisaaniyadda milatari la dhimayo ama la kordhinayo (taageerada goynadu aad ayey uga hooseysaa). Tusaale ahaan kii hore, eeg Ruy Texeira, Xarunta Horumarka Mareykanka, Noofambar 7, 2007, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2007/11/07/3634/what-the-public-really-wants-on-budget-priorities Tusaale ahaan kan dambe, eeg Frank Newport, Gallup Polling, “Mareykanku Weli Ma Ku Qeybsamaan Kharashaadka Difaaca,” Febraayo 15, 2011, https://news.gallup.com/poll/146114/americans-remain-divided-defense-spending.aspx
[vi] Kharashaadka milatariga ee qaramada ayaa lagu soo bandhigayaa khariidada adduunka https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Xogta waxay ka timid Machadka Cilmibaarista Nabadda Caalamiga ee Stockholm (SIPRI), https://sipri.org Kharashka Milatariga Mareykanka ilaa 2018 wuxuu ahaa $ 718,689, taas oo si cad uga reebaysa inta badan qarashka militariga Mareykanka, oo ku baahsan waaxyo iyo wakaalado badan. Wadarta guud ee guud ee $ 1.25 tiriliyan ee kharashka sanadlaha ah, eeg William Hartung iyo Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, "Tomgram: Hartung iyo Smithberger, Dalxiis Dollar-Doolar ah oo loogu talagalay Amniga Qaranka," Meey 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561
[vii] Umadaha soo dejiya hubka Mareykanka waxaa lagu muujiyey khariidada adduunka https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Xogta waxay ka timid Machadka Cilmibaarista Nabadda Caalamiga ee Stockholm (SIPRI), http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/values.php
[viii] Xogta Horumarka, "Dadka Mareykanku Way Oggol Yihiin: In La Jaray Miisaaniyadda Pentagon," Luulyo 20, 2020, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2020/7/20/cut-the-pentagons-budget By 56% ilaa 27% Codbixiyeyaasha Mareykanka ayaa doorbiday u wareejinta 10% miisaaniyadda militariga baahida aadanaha. Haddii loo sheego in qaar ka mid ah lacagta ay aadi doonaan Xarumaha Xakamaynta Cudurada, taageerada dadweynaha waxay ahayd 57% ilaa 25%.
[ix] Golaha dhexdiisa, codbixinta ku saabsan Pocan ee Wisconsin Wax ka beddelka Lambarka 9, Roll Call 148 bisha Luulyo 21, 2020, waxay ahayd 93 Yeas, 324 Nays, 13 Ma Codeyn, http://clerk.house.gov/cgi-bin/vote.asp?year=2020&rollnumber=148 Guurtida, codka Sanders Amendment 1788 ee July 22, 2020, wuxuu ahaa 23 Yeas, 77 Nays, https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=2&vote=00135
[X] Martin Gillens iyo Benjamin I. Bogga, "Tijaabinta aragtiyaha Siyaasadda Mareykanka: Elites, Kooxaha Xiisaha Leh, iyo Celceliska Muwaadiniinta," Sebtember 2014, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/testing-theories-of-american-politics-elites-interest-groups-and-average-citizens/62327F513959D0A304D4893B382B992B Waxaa laga soo xigtay BBC, "Daraasad: Mareykanku waa Oligarchy, mana aha Dimuqraadiyad," Abriil 17, 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746
[xi] Sanadkii 2008, Qaramada Midoobay waxay sheegtay in $ 30 bilyan sanadkii ay soo afjari karto gaajada dhulka. Eeg Ururka Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay, "Adduunku wuxuu u baahan yahay oo keliya 30 bilyan oo doolar sanadkii si loo tirtiro aafada gaajada," Juun 3, 2008, http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/ 2008/1000853 / index.html Tan waxaa lagu soo sheegay New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/news/04iht-04food.13446176.html and Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/23/opinion/ed-food23 iyo xarumo kale oo badan. Ururka Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ii sheegay in tirada wali ay tahay mid casri ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2019, miisaaniyadda sanadlaha ah ee Pentagon, oo lagu daro miisaaniyadda dagaalka, oo lagu daro hubka nukliyeerka ee Waaxda Tamarta, oo lagu daray Waaxda Amniga Gudaha, iyo kharashaadka kale ee millatariga ayaa si fiican u dhamaa $ 1 trillion, dhab ahaantii $ 1.25 trillion. Eeg William D. Hartung iyo Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, "Boondoggle, Inc.," May 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561 Boqolkiiba seddex tiriliyan waa 30 bilyan. Inbadan oo ku saabsan tan https://worldbeyondwar.org/explained
[xii] Sida laga soo xigtay UNICEF, 291 milyan oo carruur ah oo da'doodu ka yar tahay 15 sano ayaa u dhintay sababo looga hortegi karo intii u dhaxeysay 1990 iyo 2018. Bal eeg https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/starts-with-u/health-for-children
[xiii] Sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Cilmibaarista Nabadda Caalamiga ah ee Stockholm (SIPRI), kharashka milatariga Mareykanka, ee joogtada ah 2018 dollars, wuxuu ahaa $ 718,690 sanadka 2019 iyo $ 449,369 sanadkii 1999. Eeg https://sipri.org/databases/milex
