By David Swanson, February 28, 2019
Charlottesville, Virginia, wali wax wali kama dhigna midabtakoorka cunsuriyadeed (kuwa ay wadaagaan oo dhan waa kuwo ama kuwo kale). Charlottesville weli wali ma mamnuucayso qoryaha munaasabadaha dadweynaha. Waxay mamnuucaysaa Baarlamaanka gobolka ee labadaba kuwaas iyo mawduucyo kale. Laakiin City of Charlottesville waxay haysataa dukumiintiyadayada maalgashiga hubka, waana wax awood u leh inay badalaan.
Xaaladdan, marmarsiiyeyaashu way adag tahay inay soo baxaan. Charlottesville ayaa hore uga soo jeeda Sudan iyo Koonfur Afrika.
Magaaladu waxay soo saartey qaraaradii dagaalladii ka soo horjeeday, waxayna ku boorrisay Congress-ka in ay lacag ka soo qaadaan militariga si baahiyaha bani'aadamnimada iyo deegaanka. Hase yeeshee, magaaladu waxay haysataa lacagtayada shirkadaha hubka ee hubka loo adeegsado dagaallo dabiiciga ah oo ay inta badan dhibbanayaashu aanay "muuqaal" u muuqan - oo inta badan loo isticmaalo labada dhinac ee dagaalladan.
Magaaladu waxay haysataa lacagtayada ku maal gashay shirkadaha shidaalka ee foosha - sida saxda ah ee Lataliyaha Amniga Qaranka John Bolton ayaa sheegay in ay ka faa'iideysan doonto in ay afgembiyaan xukuumadda Venezuela.
Magaaladu waxay awood u leedahay inay dejiso siyaasad ah in aan la maalgelin shirkadaha hubka - siyaasad ah inay dabooli doonto shirkadaha ay soo saaraan qoryaha dadka halkan ku keenay August 2017. Waxaa si fiican u awood u leh in laga leexiyo shirkadaha shidaalka.
Magaalooyinka kale waxay qaadayaan tallaabooyin isku mid ah. Congresska Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay sharciyo loogu talagalay aqbalida codsiyada dawladaha hoose iyo dawladaha hoose. Xeerarka waxaa qoray nin uu magaciisu yahay Thomas Jefferson, oo ah godka Charlottesville. Dhab ahaantii waa ku haboon tahay Golaha Degmadu inaga na matalo heer heer sare ah oo aan ka yareyno dawladeed ama inaan qaadno tallaabo qaran ama caalami ah. Laakiin tani waa arrin maxalli ah. Fowdada cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa halkan Charlottesville meel kasta oo kale. Dagaalka qoryaha ayaa halkan ka dhacaya. Saameynta dhaqanka dagaalku halkan ayuu ka dhacaa. Tani waa lacagtayada aan ka hadleyno.
Ugu yaraan laba shirkadood oo Charlottesville ah oo lacag ku maalgeliya ayaa ah alaab-qeybiyeyaal waaweyn oo Sacuudi ah iyo dagaalka ay ku hayaan Yemen, tan ugu xun ee bani'aadamnimada ee sannado badan la arkay. Tani ma aha wax dadka Charlottesville u codeeyn lahaa, laakiin weligeen nalama weydiin. Sidaas awgeed, waxaanu ku tabarucaynaa fikradayada.
Charlottesville waa inay tusaale u noqotaa magaalooyinka kale si ay u raacaan. Kani waa meerkeena maskaxda. Halkan waa TV maxalli ah caymiska ee dadaalkeena aan ku dooneyno in aan City weydiisano. Waxaan qorsheyneynaa inaan arinta u soo bandhigno Golaha Magaalada Maarso 4th. Saddex musharrax oo loogu talagalay Golaha Magaalada sanadkan, iyo ururo badan ayaa taageersan. Liiskani waa mid ku jira DivestCville.org sida qaraarkan qabyada ah:
Shirkadaha hubka Mareykanka ayaa hubka halista ah u adeegsanaya kali-talisyo badan oo adduunka ah [1], shirkadaha Charlottesville ayaa hadda haysta maalgelin lacageed oo ay ka mid yihiin Boeing iyo Honeywell, kuwaas oo ah sahayda ugu weyn ee dagaalyahanka Sacuudi Carabiga ah ee dadka reer Yemen;
HALKEE'A, maamulka dawladda federaalka ah ayaa ku calaamadiyey isbeddelka cimilada ee caqiidada, u guuray inay ka noqoto Maraykanka khudbadda cimilada ee caalamiga ah, isku dayey in la xakameeyo sayniska cimilada, waxaanay ka shaqaysay in la xoojiyo wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka dabka gubaya ee shidaalka, iyadoo culayskuna hoos u dhacayo dawladaha, gobollada, iyo dawlad-goboleedyada si ay u qaataan hogaaminta cimilada iyaga oo u rajeynaya wanaagooda muwaadiniinta iyo caafimaadka deegaanka iyo degaanka;
Xagee, xagjirnimada ayaa ah mid muhiim u ah isbeddelka cimilada [2], City City Charlottesville waxay ku boorisay Congress-ka Mareykanka in ay ku maal gashadaan xagjirnimada iyo in badan oo lagu ilaalinayo baahiyaha aadanaha iyo deegaanka [3];
HALKAN, City of Charlottesville maalgashadeeda u gaarka ah waa in ay isbaddalaan isbeddelada ay ku booriyeen Golaha;
HALKEEYE, sii wadida kormeerka isbedelka cimilada wuxuu keeni karaa heerkulka heerkulka caalamiga ee xNUMXFF by 4.5, oo kharashka dhaqaalaha caalamka ah $ 2050 trillion dollar [32];
WHEREAS, celceliska shan sano ee celceliska heerkulka Virginia wuxuu bilaabay korodh weyn oo joogto ah horaantii 1970s, oo ka soo kordhay 54.6 Darajo Fahrenheit kadibna 56.2 F ee 2012, iyo aagga Piedmont waxay arkeen heerkulka kor u kaca heerarka 0.53 F Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo qiime badan oo Virginia ay noqon doonto mid kulul sida South Carolina by 2050 iyo sida waqooyiga Florida by 2100 [5];
HALKAN, dhaqaaleyahanka Jaamacadda Massachusetts ee Amherst ayaa caddeeyey in kharashka milatari uu yahay dhaqaale dhaqaale halkii uu ka noqon lahaa barnaamij shaqo abuuris, iyo maalgashiyada qaybaha kale waa mid dhaqaale ahaan faa'iido leh [6];
HALKEEYAHA, akhrinta satellite-ka waxay muujineysaa miisaska biyaha ee adduunka oo dhan, iyo in ka badan hal saddex gobol oo ku yaala Mareykanka ayaa la kulmi kara halis "sare" ama "xad-dhaaf" ah oo yaraanta biyaha yaraanta sababtoo ah isbedelka cimilada bartamaha qarniga 21, halka todoba Toban ka mid ah gobollada 3,100 waxaa laga yaabaa in ay wajihi karaan qaar ka mid ah halista biyo nadiif ah [7];
Xagee, dagaaladu inta badan waxay la dagaallameen hubka Mareykanka ee ay isticmaalaan labada dhinac [8];
HALKEEYE, hirarka kuleylka ayaa sababi kara in ka badan dhimashada Maraykanka ka badan munaasabadaha kale ee cimilada ah (harikeyn, daadad, shidaal, dabeyl, tornados, iwm) oo si wadajir ah iyo si ka weynba uga badan dhammaan dhimashada argagaxisada, iyo dad lagu qiyaasay 150 ee Maraykanka waxay ka dhali doontaa kuleyl aad u kulul maalin kasta xagaaga by 2040, iyada oo ku dhowaad 30,000 dhimasho la xiriirta kulaylka sannadlaha ah [9];
HALKEEYE, dawlad hoose ee maalgashanaysa shirkadaha soo saara hubka dagaalka waxay si toos ah u taageertaa qarashaadka fedraaliga ah ee kharashaadka shirkadahaas, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay ku tiirsan yihiin dawladda federaalka ah macaamiishooda asaasiga ah;
WHEREAS, inta u dhaxaysa 1948 iyo 2006 "dhacdooyin aad u daran" ayaa kor u kacay 25% ee Virginia, oo saameyn taban ku yeelanaya beeraha, isbeddel la saadaalinayo in la sii wado [10], iyo heerarka caalamiga ah ee la saadaaliyo inay sare u kacaan ugu yaraan laba cagood qarniga, iyada oo kor u sii maraysa xeebta Virginia oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu dhaqsaha badan dunida [11];
WHEREAS, shirkadaha hubka ah ee Charlottesville ku ballanqaadi karto inaysan maalgashanayn soo saarista hubka keenay Charlottesville bishii August 2017;
Xagee, qiiqa shidaalku waa in la gooyaa 45% by 2030 iyo in eber ay 2050 si ay u qaboobaan 2.7 ºF (1.5 ºC) oo lagu beegsanayo Xeerka Paris [12];
HALKAN, isbeddelka cimiladu waa halis dhab ah caafimaadka, nabadgelyada iyo daryeelka dadweynaha Charlottesville, iyo Akademiga Maraykanka ee Cilmi-baarista Maraykanka ayaa ka digay in isbeddelka cimiladu uu halis ku yahay caafimaadka iyo nabadgelyada aadanaha, iyada oo carruurta ay noqdaan kuwo nugul, oo ay ku baaqayaan wicitaan inay qaadaan "ficil degdeg ah", "ficilo aan caddaalad ku ahayn dhammaan carruurta" [13];
HALKEEYE, heerka xaddiga ballaadhan ee Maraykanka ayaa ah midka ugu sareeya meel kasta oo dunida ka mid ah, sida warshadaha hubka gawaarida ah ay sii wadaan helitaanka faa'iido aad u ballaadhan oo dhiig-daadi ah oo aanan u baahnayn in aan maalgashano doolarkeena dadweynaha;
HALKEEYE, habka maalgalinta Magaalada ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka hor imaanayso go'aanka City ee ah sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda;
IYO WHEREAS, boqolaal qof ayaa dalbaday in ay qaadaan talaabada soo socota [14];
HADDII, WAXYAALO LAGA BILAABAY, in Golaha Degmadu si rasmi ah u caddeeyo mucaaradkiisa maal-galinta Miisaaniyadda Magaalada ee hay'ad kasta oo ku lug leh soo saarista shidaalka fossil ama wax-soo-saarka ama hagaajinta nidaamka hubka iyo hubka, haddii mid caadi ah ama nukliyeer ah, iyo soo saarida hubka rayidka ah, waxayna go'aan ka gaartaa inay noqon doonto siyaasadda Magaalada si ay uga saarto hay'adahaas; iyo
WAXYAABO LAGA BIXIYO DIIWAAN-GELINTA, in Golaha Degmadu uu maamulo qof kasta oo dhan oo matalaya magaca dhaqdhaqaaqa Magaalada si uu u dhaqan-galiyo qodobada Xalligan; iyo
WAXYAABO LOO BAAHAN YAHAY DHIBAATOOYINKA, Qaraarkani waa inuu xakameynayaa nidaamka magaalada wuxuuna noqon doonaa xoog buuxa oo saameyn ah kaddib marka uu aqbalo Golaha Degmada.
1. Rich Whitney, Truthout, Sept. 23, 2017, "Maraykanku wuxuu siiyaa kaalmo millatari oo loogu talagalay 73 boqolkiiba ee kali-talisnimada adduunka" https://truthout.org/articles/us-provides-military-assistance-to-73-percent-of-world-s-dictatorships/
2. World BEYOND War, "Dagaalku wuxuu khatar ku yahay bay'adeenna," https://worldbeyondwar.org/environment
3. World BEYOND War, "City of Charlottesville Passes Resolution Talo-bixineedka loogu talagalay in lagu maalgaliyo Baahiyaha Bini'aadamka iyo Bii'ada, Maaha Ballaarin Milatari," March 20, 2017, https://worldbeyondwar.org/city-charlottesville-passes-resolution-asking-congress-fund-human-environmental-needs-not-military-expansion
4. "Iyada oo la socda 1.5 ° C Xadka: Faa'iidooyinka iyo Fursadaha," by
Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay, Nov 16, 2016. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/pursuing-the-1-5c-limit—benefits-and-opportunities.html
5. Stephen Nash, Virginia Climate Fever: Sida Wareegga Global Isku Bedelaan Magaaladeena, Goobaha, iyo Buuraleyda, Jaamacadda Virginia Press, 2017. https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/4501
6. Machadka Cilmi-baarista Siyaasadeed ee Siyaasadda, "Saamaynta Shaqo ee Mareykanka ee Qiimaynta Milatariga iyo Qaddarinta Qaranka: 2011 Update," https://www.peri.umass.edu/publication/item/449-the-u-s-employment-effects-of-military-and-domestic-spending-priorities-2011-update
7. "Isbeddelka cimiladu wuxuu kordhin karaa khatarta biyaha yaraanta boqolaal gobol oo Mareykanka ah 2050," https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120215143003.htm
8. Tusaale ahaan waxaa ka mid ah dagaalka Maraykanka ee Suuriya (https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-cia-pentagon-isis-20160327-story.html ), Ciraaq (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/isis-weapons-arsenal-included-some-purchased-u-s-government-n829201 ), Liibiya (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/06/world/africa/weapons-sent-to-libyan-rebels-with-us-approval-fell-into-islamist-hands.html ), dagaalkii Ciraaq iyo Ciraaq (http://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-18/news/mn-8000_1_gulf-war ), dagaalkii daroogada ee Mexico (https://fas.org/asmp/library/publications/us-mexico.htm ), Dagaalkii Dunida II (https://www.amazon.com/Trading-Enemy-Charles-Higham/dp/0760700095/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1463760561&sr=1-1&keywords=Trading+with+the+enemy ) iyo kuwo kale oo badan.
9. "Magaalooyinkayadu waxay helayaan kulul-iyo dadka dila," ayuu yiri Alissa Walker, https://www.curbed.com/2018/7/6/17539904/heat-wave-extreme-heat-cities-deadly
10. Nash, op. cit.
11. "Isbeddelka cimiladu waxay kor u kacday kor u kaca heerka badda," RS Nerem, BD Beckley, JT Fasullo, BD Hamlington, D. Masters, iyo GT Mitchum. PNAS February 27, 2018, 115 (9) 2022-2025; la daabacay ka hor daabacaadda Febraayo 12, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717312115. https://www.pnas.org/content/115/9/2022
12. "Global Warming of 1.5 ° C, Warbixin gaar ah IPCC; Soo-koobidda Siyaasad-dejiyeyaasha. "Oktoobar 2018. https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf
13. "Isbeddelka Cimilada Caalamiga ah iyo Caafimaadka Carruurta," Samantha Ahdoot, Susan E. Pacheco, iyo Golaha Caafimaadka ee Deegaanka. Pediatrics, Nov 2015, Vol 136 / Issue 5, Warbixin farsamo oo ka socota Akademiyada Maraykanka ee Cudurada Carruurta. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/5/e1468
