Waxaa qoray David Swanson iyo Pat Elder, World Beyond War
Saameynta Pentagon ee webiga dusheeda bangiga ay fariisato ma ahan kaliya saameynta faafida ee kuleylka adduunka iyo badaha kacsan ee ay ku darsatay isticmaalka saliida badan ee militariga Mareykanka. Milatariga Mareykanka sidoo kale waxay si toos ah u sumeeyaan Webiga Potomac siyaabo ka badan inta qofba qiyaasi karo.
Aynu ka soo degno doonida hoos u soo raaca Potomac halka ay ka soo burqato buuraha West Virginia illaa afka ay ka gaarto Chesapeake Bay. Safarka hoos loo maro marin biyoodka weyn wuxuu faahfaahin ka bixinayaa lix goobood oo EPA Superfund ah oo ay abuureen Pentagon taxaddar la'aan ay u muujisay nidaamka deegaanka ee jilicsan ee biyaha Webiga Potomac.
US Navy's Allegany Laboratory Ballistics ee ku yaala Rocket Centre, West Virginia, miles ee 130 waqooyiga Washington, waa ilo muhiim ah oo faddaraynaya webiga Potomac. Goobta qashin-qubka ee walxaha qarxa iyo qashinka khafiifka ah ayaa faddarooba ciidda iyo biyaha dhulka leh kiimikooyin halis ah. Biyaha dhulka iyo ciidda wabiga waxaa lagu daboolay walxaha qarxa, dioxins, dabeecadaha aan dabiiciga aheyn, asiidhyada, qashinka iyo warshadaha warshadaha, qulqulka hoose ee dib u soo kabashada, dhoobada dhoobada, dharka, iyo khafiifiyayaasha. Bogga waxaa kale oo uu leeyahay beryllium qashinka ah. Meelo firfircoon ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa qashin qubka, oo ku rusheeyaa boodhka kiimikada wabiga. Ma fiicna.
Socdaalka wabiga 90 ee koofurta koonfureed ayaa nagu soo dejiya Fort Detrick oo ku taal Frederick, Maryland, ciidanka "dhul cadeynaya" ee barnaamijka tacliinta ee bayoolojiga. Anthrax, Phosgene, iyo kaarboonka raadiyaha, sulfur, iyo fosfoorada waxaa lagu aasay halkan. Biyaha dhulka waxaa lagu daboolaa trichlorethylene, dareenka kansarka bani'aadamka, iyo tetrachloroethene, oo looga shakisan yahay in uu sababo buro xayawaanka sheybaarka ah. Ciidanku waxa ay tijaabiyeen ghastly iyo cagajuglaha halkan, sida Bacillus globiga, Serratia marcescens, iyo Escherichia coli. Inkasta oo DOD ay sheegtey in ay joojisay baadhitaanka hubka bayoolojiga ah ee loogu talagalay ujeedooyinka weerarka ee 1971, sheegashadu waxay u egtahay meelaynta militariga "nidaamka difaaca" difaaca meel u dhow xuduudda cadawga.
Fort Detrick ayaa sidoo kale taariikh u ah in la jebiyo heerarka sare ee fosfooraska nidaamka daadiinka taas oo ugu dambeyntii ku dhaqdo hoos udhigga Wabiga Monocacy, oo ah qaybta Potomac. Dhab ahaantii, Wasaarada Deegaanka ee Maryland waxay soo xigatay Ciidanka in ka badan heerarka ruqsadaha loo ogol yahay. Fosfooraska badan ee biyahu waxay keenaan algae si ay u koraan si ka dhakhso badan mashiinka noolaha ee Potomac. Waa dilaa. Ciidanku waa kan ugu horreeya ee ka yimaada webiga Potomac.
Kaliya 40 waxay hoos u dhistaa webiga laga sooco Fort Detrick, Washington Spring Valley xaafadda iyo dhismaha Jaamacadda Mareykanka. Meelahan waxaa adeegsaday Ciidanka inta lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee dunida si loo tijaabiyo Lewisite, oo ah gaas dilis ah oo laga sameeyey arsenic. Askariyayaashu waxay xirxiraan xayawaanka si ay u dhistaan bambooyin kiimiko ah si ay u arkaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan xayawaanka u dhintay. Meelahaas ayaa si ba'an u qarxiyay agabyo nooleed oo geeriyootay, askartiina waxay ku aasteen kaydkii haray ee haray ka dib markii la baaray. Perchlorate iyo Arsenic ayaa ku jira biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Qashinka sunta ah ee kiimikooyinka la aaso ayaa ku sumoobay biyaha dhulka hoose ee hareeraha Dalecarlia, oo kaliya ka baxa Potomac.
Shan mile oo koonfur keli ah, Washington Navy Yard wuxuu ku yaalaa webiga Anacostia, oo ku dhow isku dhowaanshihiisa oo uu la leeyahay Potomac. Waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu badan ee sumaysan ee hantida maguuraanka ee dalka. Ciidanka Badda ayaa ahaa dukumiinti hore oo loogu talagalay wax soo saarista kamerada, qolof, iyo toogasho. Dhulka ku dhereran wabiga waxaa ku sumoobey tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, tetrachloride carbon, dichloroethene, chloride vinyl, lead, iyo macdan culus, asiidh, nadiifiye, kicis, iridite iyo alkaline, lead, chromium, cadmium, antimoni, bifhenyls polychlorinated PCBs) iyo dioxin.
Dhamaan xeebta Maryland, 20 mile ka soo Baxda Yard, waxaan u imid Xarunta Badbaadada Badda ee Badhtamaha India ee Charles County, oo leh taariikhda 100-sanadka oo ah in la daadiyo iyo gubo alaabta qashinka halista ah. Goobta waxaa si joogto ah looga saaraa qashinka warshadaha ee nidaamyada septica, godadka furan iyo bullaacadaha duufaanka ee si toos ah loogu dhajiyo meydadka biyaha ku wareegsan kuwaas oo faaruqinaya Potomac. Biyaha dusha sare ee xarunta waxay ku sumoobeen heerarka sare ee meerkuriga.
Shaybaarrada dhulka hoose ee laga soo ururiyey Head of Indian waxa ku jira perchlorate oo ku xiran 1,600 iyo 436,000 ug / L. Si aad xogtaan u dhigto, Wasaaradda Deegaanka ee Maryland waxay aasaaseen heer talo bixin oo ku saabsan biyaha 1 ug / L. Perchlorate waxaa lala xiriirinayaa saameynteeda xun ee qanjirka thyroid.
Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan tagnaa Xarunta Dagaal ee Dusha Sare ee Badda - Dahlgren, oo ku yaal xero kale oo 20 koofurta Hindiya, oo ku taal Webiga River Potomac ee King County, Virginia. Qaadashada walxaha kiimikaadku waxay ku sumoobeysaa ciidda, dhulka hoostiisa, iyo qulqulka. Ilaa hadda, Dahlgren waxay gubtay qashinka khatarta ah, rusheeyaya budo sumo ah Potomac, Northern Neck of Virginia, iyo Koonfurta Maryland. A waxbarasho Hababka kale ee daaweynta qashinka ah ee Dahlgren ayaa ku taxaya kharashka raasumaalka ah ee gubashada sida "$ 0." Sida laga soo xigtay EPA, "saraakiisha DOD ma laha wax dhiirigelin ah oo riixaya isbedelka habka ay u sameeyeen 70 sano. Furan gubashada iyo qarxinta ayaa ugu jaban iyaga. "
At Dahlgren, meerkuriga la tuuray waxaa lagu qasan yahay qulqulka Gambo Creek, kaas oo si toos ah ugu iibiya Potomac. Meydadka ciidan faddareysan oo leh maadado culus iyo carbuunyaha polyaromatic-ka (PAHs) waxay ku sumoobeen dhulka oo ku yaal Potomac xoog leh. PCBs, Trichloroethane, iyo noocyada kala duwan ee sunta cayayaanka ee laysku daro macdanta sunta rasaasta ee dabka ka soo baxa oo lagu aasay ukun la gubay oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo nooc ka mid ah hubka nukliyeerka loo yaqaan barkerka bunker.
Sanadkii 1608 John Smith wuxuu ahaa qofkii ugu horeeyey ee reer Yurub ee sahamiya biyaha Potomac laga soo bilaabo Chesapeake Bay ilaa Washington. Smith oo sharraxaya webiga iyo Chesapeake, wuxuu qoray, "Cirka iyo Dhulku weligood si fiican kuma heshiin in la sameeyo meel uu ninku ku noolaado." Weli waa wax qurux badan, laakiin 400 oo sano ka dib, biyaha iyo carrada ayaa sumaysan. Goobaha EPA Superfund ee kor lagu sharaxay waxay dhawaan heli doonaan feejignaan aad uga yar sidii ay ahayd maxaa yeelay qorshaha miisaaniyadda Madaxweyne Trump ee 2018 wuxuu ku baaqayaa in la gooyo barnaamijka nadiifinta Superfund illaa rubuc.
EPA waxay cadeeyeen suntaas ku jirta biyaha Boondhiga Boorama, dhammaantoodna natiijada hawlaha milatariga: Acetone, Alkaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimoni, Bacillus Globiga, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chromium, Cyanide, Cyclonite, Dermloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxins, Escherichia Coli, Iridite, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosphorous, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs ), Kiimikada Rakaabka, Rugo Raadiyaha ah, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene, iyo Zinc.
Potomacadu waa mid fog. Lixdan iyo sagaal boqolkiiba US Superfund goobaha musiibooyinka deegaanka ayaa ah natiijada diyaar garowga dagaal.
Diyaargarowga kharashka dagaalka ka weyn 10 lacagta lacagta dagaal ee dhabta ah ay sameeyaan, oo ay ugu yaraan ugu yaraan 10 ku dhintaan dhimashada. Diyaargarowga dagaalka milatari ee Maraykanku wuxuu sababaa dhimasho iyada oo laga leexiyo khayraadka baahida aadanaha iyo si toos ah iyada oo loo marayo burbur ballaadhan oo degaanka ah oo ku baahsan adduunka oo dhan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Maraykanka, oo ay ku jirto Potomac.
Waxa loogu yeeraa faragalinta ajnabiga ah ee ku salaysan colaadaha sokeeye ee adduunka kuyaala, sida uu qabo isweydaarsiga waxbarashada, 100 jeer ay u badan tahay - maaha marka ay jiraan dhibaatooyin, maaha marka ay jirto colaad, maadaama ay jirto khatar caalamiya, laakiin meesha uu dagaalku haysto kayd ahaan ballaaran oo saliideed ah ama kan soo dhexgalay wuxuu leeyahay baahi weyn oo saliid ah.
Milatariga Maraykanku waa kan ugu sarreeya ee batroolka ku wareegsan, isaga oo ku gubaya wax ka badan dalalka oo idil, iyo in badan oo ka mid ah diyaargarowga dagaalyahanno badan. Waxaa jira diyaarado milatari oo keeni kara waxyeello badan oo leh shidaalka jetka ee daqiiqadaha 10 intii aad awoodi kareysid gaasiin baabuur wadista gaariga muddo hal sano ah.
Dhamaan xisaabaadka noocaas ah ayaa ka tegaya burburka deegaaneed ee ay sameeyeen kuwa hubka khaaska ah iyo hubkooda. Maraykanku waa hormuudka dhoofinta hubka dagaalka ee adduunka intiisa kale.
Dhamaan xisaabinta noocan oo kale ah waxay sidoo kale ka tagtaa inta badan waxyeellada iyo dhammaan faahfaahinta dhibaatada aadanaha. Milatariga Mareykanku wuxuu ku gubayaa qashinka sunta ah banaanka, agagaarka ciidamadiisa meelo sida Ciraaq, oo u dhow guryaha dadka ku nool dalalkii uu ku soo duulay, iyo gudaha Mareykanka in badan - badanaa saboolka iyo dadka laga tirada badan yahay - sida Colfax, Louisiana, iyo Dahlgren oo ku yaal Potomac.
Inta badan waxyeelladu waa sida joogtada ah, sida sunta ah ee uraniumka la jajabiyey, oo loo isticmaalo meelaha sida Syria iyo Ciraaq. Laakiin tani waa run in meelo badan oo ku yaal daafaha Maraykanka. Dhawaqa St. Louis, Missouri, dhulka hoostiisa dabka waxay u dhowdahay inay u dhowaato qashinka dhulka hoostiisa shimbiraha.
Ka dibna waxaa jira webiga Potomac. Waxay u socotaa koonfurta inta u dhaxaysa Lincoln iyo Jefferson Memorials ee Washington, DC oo ku yaal bariga, iyo Arlington, Virginia, galbeedka, halkaas oo Pentagon Lagoon u keeno biyaha ilaa xarunta dhexe ee militariga adduunka.
Ma aha oo kaliya in guriga lagu dagaallamayo uu fadhiisto meel u dhow biyaha kacaya - marka ugu horreysa uguna horreysa ee la soo qaado saamaynta dagaalka, laakiin biyahaas gaarka ah - biyaha Potomac iyo Chesapeake Bay ee ay ku qulqulayaan, kor u qaad oo hoos u dhig biyaha Lagoon Pentagon maalin kasta - waxaa si aad ah u wasakheeyey diyaargarowga dagaalka.
Tani waa sababta aan u qorsheyneyno kuna martiqaadeyno inaad ku biirto qof takooris ah flotilla Pentagon bishii Sebtembar 16th. Waxaan u baahannahay inaan keeno baahida No More Oil for Wars si albaabkii ugu horeeyay ee burburinta deegaanka.
