by Vijay Prashad, Diritaanka Dadweynaha, September 17, 2021
Bilihii July iyo Ogosto ayaa askar Ruwanda ah la geeyay Mozambique, oo loo malaynayo inay la dagaallamayaan argagixisada ISIS. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ololahan gadaashiisa waxaa ka socda dhaq -dhaqaaqa faransiiska kaas oo ka faa'iideysanaya quwadda tamarta oo aad u daneyneysa inay ka faa'iideysato kheyraadka gaaska dabiiciga ah, iyo laga yaabee, in qol -qol -qol -gadaal wax ka qabto taariikhda.
9 -kii Luulyo, dowladda Rwanda ayaa sheegay in in ay 1,000 askari u dirtay Mozambique si ay ula dagaallamaan dagaalyahannada al-Shabaab, oo qabsaday gobolka waqooyiga ku yaalla ee Cabo Delgado. Bil kadib, 8dii Ogosto, ciidamada Rwanda la qabtay magaalada dekedda leh ee Mocímboa da Praia, halkaas oo meel u dhow xeebta fadhida tanaasul gaas dabiici ah oo aad u weyn oo ay haystaan shirkadda tamarta ee Faransiiska TotalEnergies SE iyo shirkadda tamarta Maraykanka ee ExxonMobil. Isbeddelladaan cusub ee ku soo kordhay gobolka ayaa horseeday Guddoomiyaha Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika M. Akinwumi Adesina ku dhawaaqista bisha Ogosto 27 in TotalEnergies SE ay dib u bilaabi doonto mashruuca gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Cabo Delgado oo dhammaaday 2022.
Maleeshiyaad ka tirsan al-Shabaab (ama ISIS-Mozambique, oo ah Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka jecel yahay si loogu yeero) uma dagaallamin ninkii ugu dambeeyay; waxay ku dhuunteen xadka oo ay galeen Tansaaniya ama tuulooyinkoodii ku yaallay gudaha dhulka. Dhanka kale, shirkadaha tamarta ayaa dhowaan bilaabi doona inay dib u soo ceshadaan maalgashigooda oo ay si wanaagsan u macaashaan, taas oo ay ugu mahadcelinayaan faragelinta millatariga Rwanda.
Maxay Rwanda u faragalisay Mozambique bishii Luulyo 2021 si ay u difaacdo, asal ahaan, laba shirkadood oo waaweyn oo tamar ah? Jawaabtu waxay ku jirtaa dhacdooyin aad u qaas ah oo dhacay bilooyin ka hor intii aysan ciidamadu ka bixin Kigali, caasimadda Rwanda.
Balaayiin ayaa ku xayiran biyaha hoostooda
Dagaalyahannada Al-Shabaab ayaa markii hore sameeyay muuqaalka Cabo Delgado bishii Oktoobar 2017. Muddo saddex sano ah, kooxdu waxay cayaar bisad iyo jiir la lahayd ciidanka Mozambique qaadashada gacanta Mocímboa da Praia bishii Ogosto 2020. Marna uma muuqan inay suurtogal tahay in ciidanka Mozambique ay ka hortagaan al-Shabaab oo u oggolaadaan TotalEnergies SE iyo ExxonMobil inay dib uga hawlgalaan Rovuma Basin, oo ku taal xeebta waqooyiga Mozambique, halkaas oo gaas dabiici ah oo aad u weyn beerta ahayd helay bishii Febraayo 2010.
Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Mozambique ayaa lahayd shaqaaleysiin kala duwan oo calooshood u shaqeystayaal ah sida Kooxda La -talinta Dyck (Koonfur Afrika), Kooxda Adeegyada Frontier (Hong Kong), iyo Kooxda Wagner (Ruushka). Dabayaaqadii Ogosto 2020, TotalEnergies SE iyo dowladda Mozambique waxay saxiixeen heshiis heshiiska in la abuuro ciidan isku dhaf ah oo amni suga si ay u difaacaan maalgashiga shirkadda ee ka dhanka ah al-Shabaab. Kooxahan hubaysan midkoodna kuma guulaysan. Maalgashiyadu waxay ku xayirmeen biyaha hoostooda.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Madaxweynaha Mozambique Filipe Nyusi wuxuu tilmaamay, sida ay ii sheegeen ilo ku sugan Maputo, in TotalEnergies SE laga yaabo inay weydiisato dowladda Faransiiska inay u soo dirto ciidan si ay gacan uga geysato sugidda ammaanka aagga. Wadahadalkani wuxuu sii socday 2021. Janaayo 18, 2021, Wasiirka Difaaca Faransiiska Florence Parly iyo dhiggeeda Portugal, João Gomes Cravinho, waxay ku wada hadleen taleefanka, kaas oo - soo jeediyay Maputo — waxay ka wada hadleen suurtogalnimada faragelinta reer Galbeedka ee Cabo Delgado. Maalintaas, Maamulaha TotalEnergies SE Patrick Pouyanné wuxuu la kulmay Madaxweyne Nyusi iyo wasiirradiisa difaaca (Jaime Bessa Neto) iyo arrimaha gudaha (Amade Miquidade) kala hadal wadajirka “qorshe hawleed lagu xoojinayo amniga aagga.” Waxba kama soo bixin. Dawladda Faransiisku ma danaynayn faragelin toos ah.
Sarkaal sare oo ku sugan Maputo ayaa ii sheegay in si weyn loo aaminsan yahay Mozambique in Madaxweynaha Faransiiska Emmanuel Macron uu soo jeediyay in ciidamada Rwanda, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen kuwa Faransiiska, la geeyo si ay u sugaan ammaanka Cabo Delgado. Runtii, ciidammada Rwanda-oo aad u tababaran, si fiican u hubaysan waddamada reer Galbeedka, isla markaana aan la xisaabtamin si ay uga hawlgalaan meel ka baxsan xadka sharciga caalamiga ah-waxay muujiyeen awoodooda waxqabadyada laga fuliyay Koonfurta Suudaan iyo Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika.
Maxaa Kagame u helay faragelinta
Paul Kagame ayaa xukumayay Rwanda tan iyo 1994-kii, isagoo markii hore ahaa madaxweyne ku-xigeenka iyo wasiirka gaashaandhigga ka dibna ilaa 2000 oo uu madaxweyne ahaa. Marka la eego Kagame, xeerarka dimoqraadiyadda ayaa lagu xadgudbay gudaha dalka, halka ciidamada Rwanda ay si arxan darro ah uga hawlgaleen Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Warbixin Mashruuca Khariidaynta Qaramada Midoobey ee 2010 oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada halista ah ee xuquuqda aadanaha ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo muujiyay in ciidamada Rwanda ay dileen “boqolaal kun haddii aysan ahayn malaayiin” rayid ah oo reer Congo ah iyo qaxooti Rwanda ah intii u dhexeysay 1993 iyo 2003. Kagame ayaa diiday warbixinta Qaramada Midoobay, soo jeedin in aragtidan “xasuuq laba -geesood ah” ay beenisay xasuuqii Rwanda ee 1994. Wuxuu doonayay in Faransiisku aqbalo mas'uuliyadda xasuuqii 1994 wuxuuna rajeeyay in beesha caalamku iska indho -tirto xasuuqii bariga Congo.
Bishii Maarj 26, 2021, taariikhyahan Vincent Duclert wuxuu gudbiyay 992 bog Warbixin ku saabsan doorka Faransiiska ee xasuuqii Rwanda. Warbixintu waxay cadeyneysaa in Faransiisku aqbalo - sida Médecins Sans Frontières ay tiri - “mas'uuliyad aad u weyn” oo ku aaddan xasuuqa. Laakiin warbixintu ma sheegeyso in dowladda Faransiiska ay gacan ka geysatay rabshadaha. Duclert wuxuu u safray Kigali Abriil 9 ilaa Bixinta warbixinta shaqsi ahaan Kagame, yaa ayaa sheegay in in daabacaadda warbixinta “ay calaamad u tahay tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday is -faham guud oo ku saabsan wixii dhacay.”
19 -kii Abriil, dawladda Rwanda waxay sii daysay a Warbixin in ay ka soo wakiishay shirkadda sharciga Maraykanka Levy Firestone Muse. Cinwaanka warbixintani waxay ku qoran tahay dhammaantood: “Xasuuq la saadaalin karo: Kaalinta Dawladda Faransiiska ee ku xidhan Xasuuqa ka dhanka ah Tutsi -ga Rwanda.” Faransiisku ma diidin ereyada xoogga leh ee ku jira dukumintigan, kaas oo ku doodaya in Faransiisku hubeeyay génocidaires dabadeedna lagu degdegay in laga ilaaliyo indha indhaynta caalamiga ah. Macron, oo aad u neceb aqbalo Arxan -daradii Faransiiska ee dagaalkii xoraynta Aljeeriya, kuma murmin nooca Kagame ee taariikhda. Tani waxay ahayd qiimo uu rabay inuu bixiyo.
Waxa Faransiisku rabo
Bishii Abriil 28, 2021, Madaxweynaha Mozambique Nyusi booqday Kagame ee Rwanda. Nyusi ayaa sheegay Warbaahinta Mozambique ayaa sheegtay inuu u yimid inuu barto faragelinta Rwanda ee Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe iyo inuu ogaado rabitaanka Rwanda ee ah inay ka caawiso Mozambique Cabo Delgado.
May 18, Macron martigelisay Shir ka dhacay Paris, “oo la doonayo in lagu kobciyo maalgelinta Afrika inta uu jiro cudurka faafa ee COVID-19,” kaas oo ay ka soo qeyb galeen dhowr madax dowladeed, oo ay ku jiraan Kagame iyo Nyusi, madaxweynaha Midowga Afrika (Moussa Faki Mahamat), madaxweynaha Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika (Akinwumi Adesina), madaxweynaha Bangiga Horumarinta Galbeedka Afrika (Serge Ekué), iyo agaasimaha maamulka Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka (Kristalina Georgieva). Ka bax "neefsashada maaliyadeed" waxay ahayd meesha ugu sarraysa ajandaha, inkasta oo shirar gaar gaar ah ay jireen doodo ku saabsan faragelinta Rwanda ee Mozambique.
Toddobaad ka dib, Macron wuxuu u ambabaxay a booqasho Rwanda iyo Koonfur Afrika, iyagoo ku qaatay Kigali laba maalmood (May 26 iyo 27). Wuxuu ku celiyay natiijooyinkii ballaadhnaa ee warbixinta Duclert, keeneen ku dhawaad 100,000 COVID-19 tallaalada Rwanda (halkaas oo kaliya ku dhawaad 4 boqolkiiba dadweynaha ay qaateen qiyaastii ugu horreysay waqtigii booqashadiisa), oo waqti gaar ah la qaatay Kagame. 28 -kii Maajo, oo ay weheliyaan Madaxweynaha Koonfur Afrika Cyril Ramaphosa, Macron hadlay ku saabsan Mozambique, isagoo sheegay in Faransiisku diyaar u yahay inuu "ka qaybqaato hawlgallada dhinaca badda," laakiin haddii kale uu u weecan doono Ururka Horumarinta Koonfurta Afrika (SADC) iyo quwadaha kale ee gobolka. Si gaar ah uma xusin Ruwanda.
Rwanda waxay gashay Mozambique bishii July, raacay ay sameeyeen ciidamada SADC, oo ay ku jireen ciidamadii Koonfur Afrika. Faransiisku wuxuu helay wuxuu doonayay: Shirkadda tamarta weyn ayaa hadda dib u soo ceshan karta maalgashigeedii.
Maqaalkan waxaa soo saaray Globetrotter.
Vijay Prashad waa taariikhyahan Hindi ah, tifaftire iyo wariye. Isagu waa qoraa wax qora iyo madaxa wariyaha Globetrotter. Waa agaasimaha Tricontinental: Machadka Cilmi -baarista Bulshada. Isagu waa wehel sare oo aan degganayn Machadka Chongyang ee Daraasaadka Dhaqaalaha, Jaamacadda Renmin ee Shiinaha. Wuxuu qoray in ka badan 20 buug, oo ay ka mid yihiin Ummadaha Madow iyo Umadaha Faqiirka ah. Buuggiisii ugu dambeeyay waa Rasaasta Washington, oo uu hordhac u yahay Evo Morales Ayma.
