By Xarunta Soodejinta ee "Zero Center for Action for Nonviolent Action", Janaayo 5, 2020
Dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha nabadda ee Puget Sound, kahor intaan la dhaqan gelin heshiiska Nuclear Ban, waxay codsi u dirayaan shaqaalaha Navy ee Saldhigga Naval Kitsap-Bangor: Diido amarrada sharci darrada ah; Diido in la rido gantaalada nukliyeerka.
Axad, 3 Janaayord, xayaysiis bog buuxa ka buuxa ayaa lagu daabacay wargeyska Kitsap Sun, isagoo la hadlaya shaqaalaha militariga ee Saldhigga Naval Kitsap-Bangor. Xayeysiintu waxay codsi u tahay shaqaalaha Navy si ay uga hortagaan amarrada lagu soo rogo hubka nukliyeerka. Rafcaanka oo leh saxiixyo taageeraya ayaa ah lagu dhejiyay degelkeenna.
Codsiga Shaqaalaha Badda wuxuu si gaar ah uga codsanayaa xubnaha ciidamada qalabka sida -
Ka hor istaag amarrada sharci darrada ah.
Diid in la laayo dadka shacabka ah ee aan waxba galabsan.
Diido amarka isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka.
U dhawaanshahayaga tirada ugu badan ee la geeyay hubka nukliyeerka ah ee nukliyeerka ayaa ina ag dhigay meel u dhow halista maxalliga ah iyo tan caalamiga ah ee halista ah.
Marka muwaadiniintu ogaadaan doorka ay ka leeyihiin rajada laga qabo dagaal nukliyeer, ama halista shil nukliyeer, arrintu hadda ma aha mid la soo koobay. U dhawaanshaheena Bangor wuxuu dalbanayaa jawaab qoto dheer.
Marka laga hadlayo Racfaanka loo dirayo Shaqaalaha Badda, dadka u ololeeya nabadda ma codsanayaan in shaqaalaha millatarigu ay ka baxaan adeegga, laakiin taa beddelkeeda waxay u adeegaan si sharaf leh oo waafaqsan Xeerka Guud ee Caddaaladda Milatariga (UCMJ) iyo sharciga caalamiga ah.
Elizabeth Murray oo xubin ka ah Ground Zero ayaa tiri, "U dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha nabada ee gobolka Puget Sound waxay lahadleen beesheena dhanka hubka nukliyeerka ee saldhiga tan iyo 1970s. Waxaan baranay in aan wadaagno walaac xubnaha ciidamada - walaac ah in adeegsiga hubka nukliyeerka uu u horseedi doono burbur aan la malayn karin oo ku dhaca dadka aan waxba galabsan iyo dhulkeena. ”
Go’aamada caalamiga ah waxaa lagu go’aamiyay in adeegsiga hubka nukliyeerka uu yahay mid sharci daro ah, oo ay kujiraan go aamada International Maxkamadda ee Caddaaladda 1996; ah 1948 Baaqa Caalamiga ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha; ah 1949 Shirkii Geneva; iyo 1977 heshiiskii Geneva Geneva.
Qaramada Midoobay Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Hubka Hubka Nukliyeerka ah (TPNW) wuxuu gali doonaa xoog sharci 22-ka Janaayond hadda in ka badan 50 quruumood ayaa saxiixday oo ansaxiyay. TPNW waxay ka mamnuuceysaa dowladaha ansixiyay heshiiska “horumarinta, tijaabinta, soo saarista, soo saarista, helitaanka, haysashada, ama keydinta hubka nukliyeerka ama aaladaha kale ee qarxa nukliyeerka.” Waxaa laga mamnuucay wareejinta ama helitaanka hubka nukliyeerka iyo aaladaha qarxa nukliyeerka, taasoo la micno ah inaysan oggolaan karin in hubka nukliyeerka la dhigo ama la geeyo dalalkooda. Gobollada sidoo kale waa laga mamnuucay inay adeegsadaan ama ku hanjabaan inay adeegsadaan hubka nukliyeerka iyo aaladaha kale ee qarxa nukliyeerka. Muhiimad weyn oo weyn, Qodobka XII ee Heshiiska wuxuu uga baahan yahay dowladaha ansixiyay heshiiska inay ku cadaadiyaan quruumaha ka baxsan heshiiska inay saxiixaan oo ay ansixiyaan. Midkoodna Mareykanka, ama mid ka mid ah waddammada kale ee hubka nukliyeerka haysta, weli ma uusan saxiixin TPNW.
The Xeerka labiska ee Caddaaladda Milatariga (UCMJ) waxay cadeyneysaa in shaqaalaha militariga ay waajib ku tahay waajibna ku ah inay u hogaansamaan kaliya amarrada sharciga ah runtiina ay waajib ku tahay adeeco amarrada sharci darrada ah, oo ay ku jiraan amarro madaxweynaha oo aan u hoggaansamin UCMJ. Waajibaadka anshaxa iyo sharciga ayaa ah dastuurka Mareykanka ee ma ahan kuwa soo saari kara amarrada sharci darrada ah, gaar ahaan haddii amaradaasi ay si toos ah ugu xadgudbayaan dastuurka iyo UCMJ.
Saldhigga Ciidanka Badda Kitsap-Bangor waa hoyga ugu badan ee la geeyay madaxyada nukliyeerka ee la geeyay Mareykanka Madaxa madaxyada nukliyeerka waxaa la geeyay Trident D-5 gantaal on Dhul-hoosaadka SSBN waxaana lagu kaydiyaa dhulka hoostiisa xarunta keydka hubka nukliyeerka salka.
Waxaa jira sideed Trmare SSBN oo hoobiyeyaal ah oo la geeyay Bangor. Lix doomaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ee loo yaqaan 'Trident SSBN' waxaa la geynayaa Xeebta Bari ee King Bay, Georgia.
Mid ka mid ah maraakiibta badda ee 'Trident submarine' wuxuu xambaaraa awoodda burburka in ka badan 1,200 bambooyin Hiroshima ah (Hiroshima bamku wuxuu ahaa 15 kiloton) ama xoog wax burburiya oo 900 bambooyin Nagasaki ah (20 kilotons.)
Gujis kasta oo Trident ah waxaa markii hore lagu qalabeeyay 24 gantaal oo Trident ah. 2015-2017 afar tuubo oo gantaal ah ayaa lagu quusiyay markab walboo gujis ah sababtuna ahayd heshiiskii 'New START Treaty'. Waqtigaan la joogo, markab kasta oo gujis ah oo loo yaqaan 'Trident submarine' wuxuu geeya 20 gantaal oo ah D-5 iyo ilaa 90 madax madax oo nukliyeer ah (celcelis ahaan 4-5 madax madax ah gantaalkiiba). Madax-madaxeedyadu waa W76-1 90-kiloton ama W88 455-kiloton madaxyada.
Navy bilowgii 2020 wuxuu bilaabay howl galka cusub W76-2 Dagaal madaxeed hooseeya (qiyaastii sideed kiiloomitir) oo lagu xushay gantaalaha ballistic-ka badda hoosteeda ee Bangor (ka dib markii la geeyay bilowgii Atlantic dhexdeeda bishii Diseembar 2019). Madaxa dagaalka ayaa loo geeyay si looga hortago adeegsiga ugu horreeyay ee Ruushka ee hubka nukliyeerka taatikada, halista abuurista a bilowga hoose adeegsiga hubka istiraatiijiyadeed ee Mareykanka ee mareykanka.
Isticmaal kasta oo hubka nukliyarka ka soo horjeedka dowlad kale oo hubka nukliyeerka ah waxay u badan tahay inay jawaab ka bixiso hubka nukliyeerka, oo sababa dhimasho iyo burbur aad u badan. Ka sokow saamaynta tooska ah kuwa ka soo horjeedda, dhacdada shucaaca ee la xiriirta waxay saameyn doontaa dadka ku nool quruumaha kale. Saameynta aadanaha iyo dhaqaalaha adduunka waxay noqon doontaa mid ka fog mala-awaalka, iyo amarrada baaxadda leh ee ka baxsan saameynta cudurka faafa ee coronavirus.
Hans M. Kristensen waa isha khabiirka ah ee bayaanka, “Saldhigga Naval Kitsap-Bangor… oo ah meesha ugu badan ee hubka Nukliyeerka la geeyay Mareykanka ” (Fiiri maaddada laga soo xigtey halkan iyo halkan.) Mudane Kristensen waa agaasimaha Mashruuca Macluumaadka Nukliyeerka at the Xiriirka Saynisyahanada Mareykanka halkaas oo uu siinayo dadweynaha falanqayn iyo xog ku saabsan xaaladda ciidamada nukliyeerka iyo doorka hubka nukliyeerka.
Masuuliyadda shacabka iyo hubka nukliyeerka
U dhawaanshahayaga tirada ugu badan ee la geeyay hubka nukliyeerka ah ee nukliyeerka ayaa ina ag dhigay meel u dhow halista maxalliga ah iyo tan caalamiga ah ee halista ah. Marka muwaadiniintu ogaadaan doorka ay ka leeyihiin rajada laga qabo dagaal nukliyeer, ama halista shil nukliyeer, arrintu hadda ma aha mid la soo koobay. U dhawaanshaheena Bangor wuxuu dalbanayaa jawaab qoto dheer.
Muwaadiniinta ku jira dimoqraadiyada sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin masuuliyado - oo ay ka mid tahay xulashada hogaamiyaasheena iyo in lala socodsiiyo waxa ay dowladeenu qabaneyso Saldhigga badda ee Bangor wuxuu 20 mayl u jiraa bartamaha Seattle, laakiin boqolkiiba in yar oo muwaadiniinta gobolkeenna ah ayaa og inay jirto Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Muwaadiniinta Gobolka Washington waxay si isdaba joog ah u doortaan saraakiisha dowladda ee taageera hubka nukliyeerka ee Gobolka Washington. Sanadihii 1970-yadii, Senator Henry Jackson wuxuu ku qanciyay Pentagon-ka inuu helo saldhiga gujis ee Trident ee kanaalka Hood, halka Senator Warren Magnuson uu helay lacag loogu talagalay waddooyinka iyo saamaynta kale ee uu sababo xarunta Trident. Markab-hoosaadka kaliya ee loo yaqaan 'Trident submarine' oo loogu magac daray qof (iyo Senatorkeenii hore ee Gobolka Washington) ayaa ah USS Henry M. Jackson(SSBN-730), oo kuyaala Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor.
Sanadkii 2012, Gobolka Washington wuxuu aasaasay Isbahaysiga Militariga Washington (WMA), waxaa si xoog leh u dalacsiiyay labada gudoomiye Gregoire iyo Inslee. WMA, Waaxda Difaaca, iyo hayadaha kale ee dowliga ah waxay ka shaqeeyaan xoojinta doorka Gobolka Washington sida "…Qalabka Awooda Awooda (Dekedaha Istaraatiijiga ah, Jid tareenka, Wadooyinka, iyo Garoomada Diyaaradaha) [oo] leh cutubyo hawada, dhulka, iyo badda ah oo dhammaystira howlgalka. ” Sidoo kale arag “saadaalinta korantada. "
Saldhigga Naval Kitsap-Bangor iyo nidaamka badda ee 'Trident submarine' ayaa isbeddelay tan iyo markii markabkii ugu horreeyay ee Trident uu soo degay Ogosto 1982. salka ayaa kor u kacay gantaalka weyn ee D-5 oo leh madax weyn oo ah W88 (455 kiloton), oo leh casriyeyn socota ee hagida gantaalaha iyo nidaamyada xakamaynta. Ciidanka Badda ayaa dhowaan howl galiyay kuwa yar yar W76-2 "Wax soosaar hoose" ama hub nukliyeer ah (ku dhawaad sideed kilotons) gantaalada ballistic submarine gantaalaha ee Bangor, oo si halis ah u abuuraya marin hoose oo loo adeegsado hubka nukliyeerka.
Arimaha
* Mareykanka wuxuu ku kharash gareeyaa lacag badan hubka nukliyarka barnaamijyada marka loo eego xilligii dagaalkii qaboobaa.
* Mareykanka wuxuu hada qorsheynayaa inuu qarash gareeyo $ 1.7 trillion in ka badan 30 sano dib-u-dhiska xarumaha qaranka ee hubka iyo casriyeynta hubka nukliyeerka.
* Jariiradda New York Times ayaa qortay in Mareykanka, Ruushka iyo Shiinaha Waxay si ba’an u daba-galayaan jiil cusub oo hub nukliyeer ah oo yar iyo yar. Dhismooyinka ayaa ku hanjabay inay soo nooleyn doonaan a Tartan hubkii qaboobaa ee xilligi qaboobaa oo ha joojisaan isu dheelitirka awooda ee umadaha.
* Ciidamada Badda Mareykanka ayaa taas sheegta SSBN Maraakiibta dagaalka ee ku jira gantaalada ayaa Mareykanka siiya "awooddeeda ugu badbaado uguna waarta ee duqeynta nukliyeerka." Si kastaba ha noqotee, SSBN-yada ku jira dekedda iyo madaxyada nukliyeerka ee lagu keydiyay SWFPAC waxay u badan tahay bartilmaameedka koowaad ee dagaalka nukliyeerka. Google sawir laga soo bilaabo 2018 waxay muujineysaa seddex miinooyin dhulka hoostiisa ah ee 'SSBN' oo ku yaal dhinaca wadada Hood Canal.
* Shil la xiriira hubka nukliyeerka ayaa dhacay November 2003 markii jaranjarada ay dhex gashay no Nucleone-ka Nuclearka inta lagu gudajiray gantaalaha caadiga ah ee laga soo raray Walxaha Qarxa ee Wharf ee Bangor. Dhammaan hawlgallada maaraynta gantaallada ee SWFPAC waa la joojiyey muddo sagaal toddobaad ah illaa Bangor dib looga xaqiijin karo hubinta hubka nukliyeerka. Saddex taliye sare waa la eryay, laakiin dadweynaha looma wargalin ilaa macluumaadka laga siidaayo warbaahinta markay ahayd Maarso 2004.
* Jawaabaha dadweynaha ee ka imanaya saraakiisha dawladda ee shilkii gantaalaha ee 2003 guud ahaan waa qaab ahaan yaab iyoNiyad Jab.
* Sababo la xiriira casriyeynta joogtada ah iyo barnaamijyada dayactirka ee warheysyada Bangor, madaxyada hubka nukliyeerka waxaa si joogto ah loogu raraa gawaarida xamuulka ah ee aan calaamadeysneyn inta udhaxeysa Waaxda Tamarta Pantex Plant oo u dhow Amarillo, Texas iyo saldhigga Bangor. Si ka duwan Ciidanka Badda ee Bangor, the DOE waxay si firfircoon u dardar gelisaa u diyaar garowga xaaladaha degdegga ah.
Hubka Nuclear-ka iyo iska caabbinta
Sanadihii 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-yadii, kumanaan soo bandhigay ka dhan ah hubka nukliyeerka ee saldhigga Bangor iyo boqolaal waa la qabtay. Seattle Wadaadka Hunthausen wuxuu ku dhawaaqay saldhigga gujis ee BangorAuschwitz ee Puget Sound ” iyo 1982 wuxuu bilaabay inuu joojiyo kala bar canshuurtiisa federaalka isagoo ka mudaaharaadaya “ka qeybgalka joogtada ah ee qarankeena ee ku aaddan sare u qaadista hubka nukliyeerka. ”
Bishii Meey 27, 2016, Madaxweyne Obama ka hadlay magaalada Hiroshima wuxuuna ku baaqay in la joojiyo hubka nukliyeerka. Wuxuu yiri awoodaha nukliyeerka “…waa inay lahaadaan geesinimo si ay uga baxsadaan caqliga cabsida, oo ay ku raadiyaan adduunyo la’aantood. Obama ayaa intaas ku daray, “Waa inaan bedelnaa fekerkeena ku saabsan dagaalka laftiisa. ”
Ku saabsan Dhulka Zero Center
Xarunta loo yaqaan 'Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action' waxaa la aasaasay 1977. Xaruntu waxay ku taal 3.8 hektar oo ku dhagan saldhigga badda ee Trident ee Bangor, Washington. Xarunta loo yaqaan 'Ground Zero Center for Nonviolent Action' waxay siisaa fursad ay ku sahamiso xididdada rabshadaha iyo caddaalad darrada ka jirta adduunkeenna iyo inay la kulmaan awoodda jacaylka beddelaya iyadoo loo marayo ficil toos ah oo aan rabshad lahayn. Waxaan iska caabinaynaa dhammaan hubka nukliyeerka, gaar ahaan nidaamka gantaalaha Trident ballistic.
Hawlaha Dhulka ee Soo Socda:
- Xarunta Gero Zero ee loogu talagalay Tallaabada Xagjirnimada iyo World Beyond War ayaa bixinaya bixinta afar boorar oo la geeyo Seattle bisha Janaayo iyada oo lagu dhawaaqayo in uu dhaqan galay heshiiskii Mamnuuca Hubka Nukliyeerka (TPNW) iyo in la xasuusiyo muwaadiniinta Trident ballistic nuclear submarine Force oo fadhigoodu yahay agagaarka Degmada Kitsap.
- Ground Zero wuxuu ku daabici doonaa labo ogeysiisyo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay Adeegga Dadweynaha Lacag bixinta wargeyska The Kitsap Sun - Janaayo 15th oo lagu maamuusayo Martin Luther King Jr, iyo Janaayo 22nd garashada soo galitaanka xoog ee TPNW.
- Janaayo 15th, sanadguuradii dhalashadii Martin Luther King, Jr., Ground Zero ayaa marti gelin doonta foojignaanta saldhiga gujis ee Bangor Trident, iyadoo lagu sharfayo dhaxalka Dr. King ee rabshadaha iyo diidmada hubka nukliyeerka.
- Xubnaha 'Ground Zero' waxay qaban doonaan boorar ay ku xardhan yihiin jidadka waaweyn iyo jidadka waaweyn ee labada degmo ee Kitsap iyo Seattle bisha Janaayo 22nd ku dhawaaqida gelitaanka xoog ee TPNW.
Nala Soo Xariir info@gzcenter.org faahfaahinta howlaha Janaayo.
