Killingers Condor Killers ayaa lagu tababaray Dugsiga Ciidanka Mareykanka

By Brett Wilkins, July 18, 2019

From Riyooyin guud

Shan ka mid ah ragga 24 lagu xukumay toddobaadkii hore Maxkamad Talyaani ah oo xabsi daa'im ah ku xukuntay doorka ay ka qaadatay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah Maraykanka oo taageeray dagaalkii qaboobaha ee Koofurta Maraykanku ka qalin jabiyay dugsi ciidan oo Maraykan ah oo markii hore loo yaqaanay jirdil loo gaystay, dilkii, iyo dimoqraadiyadda.

Bishii Luulyo 8 garsoorayaasha Maxkamada Racfaanka ayaa lagu xukumay xabsi hore oo Bolivian, Chilean, Peruvian iyo Uruguay iyo saraakiil millatari ka dib markii lagu helay dambi ah afduubka iyo dilka 23 Talyaaniga ee 1970s iyo 1980 Condor Condor, oo ah dadaal isku-dhafan oo ay wadajir u leeyihiin kalsoonida milatariga ee xulafada ee Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil iyo, ka dib, Peru iyo Ecuador-ka soo horjeeda hanjabaadaha bidixda. Ololaha, oo lagu gartey afduubyo, jirdil, waayid iyo dil, ayaa sheegtay in lagu qiyaasay nolosha 60,000, sida ay sheegeen kooxaha xuquuqda aadanaha. Dhibbanayaasha waxaa ka mid ahaa bidixda iyo dadka kale ee dibad baxa, wadaadada, aqoonyahanka, aqoonyahanka, ardayda, farmashiyeyaasha iyo madaxda ururada shaqaalaha, iyo dadka asaliga ah.

Dowladda Mareykanka oo ay ku jiraan hay'adaha militariga iyo hay'adaha sir doonka ayaa taageersan howlgallada milatari, qorsheynta, iyo taageerada farsamada iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta iyo tababarka jidh-dilka muddada Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter iyo Reagan. Inta badan taageeradan, taas oo Maraykanku isku dayay in uu sababo mowqifka caalamiga ah ee la dagaallanka colaadda qaboobaha ee ka dhanka ah wada-xaajoodka, wuxuu ku salaysan yahay xarumaha milatariga Maraykanka ee Panama. Waxay ahayd in ciidamada Maraykanku ay furaan Dugsiga Ameerika ee 1946, taas oo qalinjabin doonta hoggaamiyeyaasha 11 Latin American ee tobanka sano ee soo socda. Midkoodna ma noqonin hoggaamiye dalkooda ah oo leh qaab dimuqraadi ah, caqabado horleh oo ka soo horjeeda SOA "School of Assassins" iyo "School of Coups" sababtoo ah waxay soo saartey wax badan labadaba.

Ardayda qalin-jabinta badan ee SOA waxaa ka mid ah dhoofinta dhuxusha ee Panamaian Manuel Noriega, kaligii taliye militariga Guatemalan Efraín Ríos Montt, Bolivian despot Hugo Banzer (loo yaqaanno hoyga dagaal ee Nazi dagaal Klaus Barbie), taliyaha ciidanka Haitian taliyaha iyo kali taliyaha millatari Raoul Cédras iyo xoogga reer Argentine Leopoldo Galtieri, oo hogaamiyay mudadii uu joogay dalkiisa "Dirty War" kaas oo tobanaan kun oo aan waxba galabsan ragga iyo haweenka ayaa la waayay. Dembiilayaal kale oo aan dambi lahayn ayaa wax laga bartaa SOA, mararka qaar isticmaalaya Buugaagta Maraykanku kuwaas oo baray afduub, jirdil, dil, iyo farsamooyinka farsamaynta demoqraadiyada.

Qaar ka mid ah xasuuqii ugu xumaa iyo dilalka kale ee ay geystaan ​​ciidamada Mareykanka ee taageeray dagaalka intii lagu jiray dagaaladii sokeeye ee ka dhacay El Salvador iyo Guatemala intii lagu jiray 1980s, oo ay ku jiraan in la gowraco dadka tuulada 900-badanaa haweenka iyo carruurta El Mozote, dilkii loo gaystay Salvadoran Archbishop Óscar Romero iyo kufsi iyo dil oo ka mid ah afar kaniisadood oo Maraykan ah oo la shaqeynayey, ayaa la qorsheeyay, ama ka soo baxay shaqaalihii qalin jebiyey. Sidaas oo kale waxay ahaayeen taxane ah xasaasiyadaha shainsaw in Colombia, dilka afar saxafi oo u dhashay Holland oo ku yaal El Salvador, dil oo ah sarkaal hore oo reer Chile ah iyo caawiye Maraykan ah oo ka tirsan qarxinta baabuurta 1976 ee ku yaalla Washington, DC iyo xadgudubyo badan oo kale.

Hadda waxaa la ogaan karaa in dhowr rag ah oo lagu xukumay xabsi ku yaal magaalada Rome todobaadkii hore ay sidoo kale qalin jabiyeen SOA. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta ee ka soo baxay dugsiga sare ee 60,000 SOA oo laga soo ururiyay rikoodhka milatari ee Maraykanku by School of America Americas Watch (SOAW), oo ah koox dhaqdhaqaaqa juqraafi ah oo uu aasaasay jagada Roy Bourgeois ee 1990, shan ka mid ah SOA ayaa ka mid ah nimanka 24 ee lagu helay dembiga maxkamadda Talyaaniga. Laba ka mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan 'SOAW's' oo ah "qalin-jabiyayaasha SOA-da ugu weyn": Wasiirkii hore ee Bolivian Luis Arce Gomez, oo hadda u shaqeeya xaddiga 30 ee sanadka xabsi xagjirnimada, dilka iyo tahriibinta maandooriyaha, iyo Luis Alfredo Maurente, kabtanka Uruguay ayaa lagu soo rogay jirdilka iyo lumitaanka dadka ku dhow 100 ee Uruguay iyo Argentina. Arce Gomez ayaa dhamaystirtay koorsooyinka isgaarsiinta, sarkaalka iyo hagaajinta raadiyaha ee SOA ee 1958; Maurente waxa uu ka qaybgalay SOA ee 1969 iyo 1976, waxna ka baranayey sirdoonka milatariga. Hernan Ramírez Ramírez (Chile, kursiga taliska, 24), Ernesto Avelino Ramas Pereira (Uruguay, koorsada maskaxda, 1970) iyo Pedro Antonio Mato Narbondo (Uruguay; aan sheegin, 1962).

SOA ayaa ku shaqeyn jirtay Panama laga bilaabo 1946 ilaa 1984, markii loo wareejiyay Fort Benning, Georgia. Codsigaa oo ah in la isweydiiyo iyada oo ay sii kordhayso qulqulatada dadweynaha ee ka soo horjeeda culeyska qalin-jabinta, SOA ayaa beddeshay magaca Hay'adda Iskaashiga Amniga Galbeedka ee Iskaashiga Amniga (WHINSEC) ee 2000, iyada oo xoogga la saarayo xuquuqda aadanaha. Si kastaba ha noqotee, iskuullada dugsiyadu waxay sii wadaan inay ka dhigaan cinwaanno xun oo maanta ah, iyagoo leh afar ka mid ah lixda jeneraal ka danbeeya 2009 Honduran afduub iyo taliyeyaasha hore ee Mexico Hadda waxa loo shaqaaleeyay kalkaaliyaal loogu talagalay kartida daroogada caalamiga ah ee ka midka ah munaasabadii dhowaan la soo dhaafay.

Ma cadda in inta badan eedaysanayaasha ku jira kiisaska Rome ay la kulmi doonaan caddaalad, dhammaantood laakiin mid ka mid ah 24 ayaa lagu tijaabiyay maqnaanshaha iyada oo la raacayo fikradda sharciga ah ee xukunka caalamiga ah. Uruguay, oo aan u ogolaanayn xukunnada nolosha, ayaa horay xabsiga loogu taxaabay dadka lagu helay denbiyo la mid ah. A January 2017 Maxkamad Talyaani ah ayaa ku xukuntay siddeed eedeysane, oo ay ku jireen kaligii taliyihii hore ee Bolivia Luis García Meza, madaxweynihii hore ee Peruvian Francisco Morales Bermoudez, iyo wasiirka arimaha dibada ee Uruguay Juan Carlos Blanco - oo haatan ku jira xabsi ku yaal Montevideo - , isla markaan la helayo 19 dadka kale sababtoo ah sharciyada xadidan. Kuwii laga soo iibsaday ayaa dib loo celiyay go'aanka ay qaateen ee Isniintii.

Brett Wilkin waa qora madaxbanaan oo San Francisco ku salaysan iyo tifaftire-da-wayn oo loogu talagalay warbaahinta Mareykanka ee Digital Journal. Shaqadiisa, oo diiradda saaraya arrimaha dagaalka iyo nabadda iyo xuquuqda aadanaha, ayaa lagu kaydiyaa www.brettwilkins.com.