July 4, 2020
Xoghayaha Difaaca Mark T. Esper
Waaxda Difaaca
Xoghayaha Navy Richard V. Spencer
Waaxda Badda
Nora Macariola-Eeg
Taliska Injineerka Ciidamada Badda ee Badweynta
258 Makalapa Drive, Suite 100
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860-3134
Re: Tababarka Jasiiradaha Mariana iyo Imtixaanka kama dambeysta ah ee EIS / OEIS Faallooyinka Dadweynaha
Xoghaynta qaaliga ah Esper iyo Spencer iyo Marwo Macariola-Fiiri:
Waxaan nahay koox ballaaran oo aqoonyahanno ah, falanqeeyayaal millatari, u doodeyaal, iyo khabiiro kale oo saldhig millatari oo ka kala socda daafaha siyaasadeed kuwaas oo qoraya taageero adag oo ku saabsan falanqaynta iyo walaacyada ay muujiyeen Our Common Wealth 670 (oo ah Dowlad-wadaag Barwaaqo-wadaag ah oo ku taal Jasiiradaha Waqooyiga Mariana Waqooyiga) ( CNMI) urur ku saleysan bulshada) oo ka jawaabaya Tababarka Ciidamada Mareykanka ee Xeebaha Mariana iyo Imtixaanka kama dambeysta ah ee EIS / OEIS.
Waxaan la wadaagnaa welwelkeenna Dhaqaalaha ee 670 ee ah in Navy uusan fulinin shuruudaha Xeerka Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Qaranka (NEPA). Waxaan ku biirnaa Dhaqaalahayaga Guud ee 670 u doodista:
1) "Ka ilaalinta dhulkeena, badaha iyo cirka waxkastoo laga fogaanayo" oo lagu sameeyo howlaha iyo ciidamada Badda Mareykanka, iyo
2) joojinta dhamaan tababarka la soo jeediyey, tijaabooyinka, layliyada, iyo nashaadaadyada kale (sida, "ficil la'aan" badal ah) ilaa Navy ay muujineyso si cilmiyeysan "in aysan jirin ama aysan jiri doonin mustaqbal muuqda oo toos ah, aan toos ahayn, ama isugeyn ah. Saamaynta ay ku leedahay deegaanka u dhow dhow Jasiiradaha Mariana ee dabka nool iyo xadka loo yaqaan bambooyinka. Waxaan ogsoonahay in Ciidamada Badda Mareykanka iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee Mareykanka ay si ballaaran u leeyihiin taariikh dheer, oo diiwaangashan taariikhda sumaynta biyaha, ciidda, iyo hawada guud ahaan jasiiradaha Mariana isla markaana ay dhaawaceyso caafimaadka dadka gobolka.1
Xubnaha Kooxda Dib-u-dejinta ee Xerada Dibadda iyo Xiritaanka (OBRACC) ayaa bartay oo si qoto dheer wax u bartay oo wax ku qortay saldhigyada milatariga Mareykanka ee dibedda iyo saamaynta ay ku leeyihiin bulshada maxalliga ah iyo deegaannada. Dhowr xubnood oo ka tirsan OBRACC waxay ahaayeen khabiiro muddo tobanaan sano ah. Si wada jir ah, waxaan u daabacnay daraasiin maqaalo iyo warbixinno, ugu yaraan sideed buugaag, iyo daabacado kale oo waaweyn oo ku saleysan cilmibaaristeena.
Iskudhafka Dibadda iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u-Celinta
OBRACC waxay taageertaa lafagurka falanqaynta "Common Wealth 670" iyadoo la diiwaangelinayo dhowr dhibaato, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid falanqaynta Navy ee ku saabsan suurtagalnimada saameynta hawlgalka milatari ee kordhay ee Marianas. Waxaan si gaar ah uga walaacsanahay in:
1) Dhamaystirka kama dambaysta ah ee EIS / OEIS si ficil ah ugama hadasho caafimaadka aadanaha iyo saamaynta bey'ad aan ahayn bina-aadamnimada ee tababbarka Navy iyo howlaha tijaabinta ee aagga Tababbarka Jasiiradda Mariana iyo Daraasadda Imtixaanka (MITT). Gaar ahaan, waxaan ka walaacsanahay saameynta caafimaad ee moolalka Navy iyo wasakhda kale ee Navy ay ku yeeshaan dadka ku dhaqan jasiiradaha Mariana, kuwaa badankood waxay ku tiirsan yihiin xayawaanka badda ee ka soo go'ay biyahaan isha koowaad ee cuntada.
2) Hantidayada Guud ee '670 dukumiintiyada ah' waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyaa ku guuldaraysiga Navy inuu sameeyo baaritaan sax ah, oo si tafatiran oo cilmiyaysan ku saabsan dhibaatada faddaraynta ay keentay howlaha Navy ee MITT. Navy sidoo kale waxay umuuqataa inay iska indho tirtay daraasado cilmiyaysan oo hada jira kuwaas oo su’aal gal ku ah gabagabada Navy ee ah in howlaheeda militari ee mustaqbalka aysan wax saameyn ah ku yeelan doonin.
3) Navy wuxuu sheeganayaa saamaynta howlaha Hawlaha Navy ay ku leeyihiin sahayda cuntada, gaar ahaan cuntooyinka badda, oo aan ku salaysnayn daraasad cilmiyeed ee arinta. Baaritaannada aan-tirin-qorista ahayn, ee aan ahayn muunad-ku-saleysan, ee loo sheegto inay yihiin aasaaska go'aanka Navy ee ah inaysan jirin wax saameyn caafimaad oo bini-aadam ah uusan u gudbi doonin helitaan cilmi ah. Navy uma muuqan inuu si dhab ah u qaadanayo daraasado cilmiyeed oo cilmi baaris ah oo uu sameeyay Gary Denton iyo asxaabtiisa oo ka helay wasakheyn daran wasaqda hore ee ciida iyo wasakhda kale ee milatariga.2. Sida Dhaqaalahayaga Guud uu sheegayo 670, Navy sidoo kale uma adeegsaneyso macluumaadka si sahlan ee la heli karo ee ku saabsan ilaha cuntada ee ay isticmaalaan dadka reer Maariyaas ee ka sii gudbay meel ka durugsan kalluumeysiga.
4) Dhaqaalahayaga Guud ee loo yaqaan 670 dukumiintiyada ah ayaa fashiliyay fashilkii Navy ee ahaa in la qiimeeyo saamaynta isugaynta wasakhaynta Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Daraasadaha sayniska waxay muujiyeen halista joogtada ah ee burburka bey'adda ilaa dagaalkii labaad ee II. Navy wuxuu cadeynayaa inaysan jirin dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo muhiim ah iyadoon lasoo bandhigin xog ku saabsan heerarka faddarada salka ku haya ama korodhka laga filayo mustaqbalka tababarada Navy.
Gabagabadii, waxaan mar labaad ka codsaneynaa Navy iyo Pentagon inay si taxaddar leh u dhegeystaan faallooyinka Dhaqaalaheena Guud ee 670, sida ay dalbadeen hanaanka NEPA, iyo in la joojiyo dhammaan howlaha la qorsheeyay ilaa Navy ay muujin karto in howlaheeda aysan u horseedi doonin mid toos ah, aan toos ahayn. , ama waxyeelo deegaanka u gaysatay jasiiradaha Marianas.
Xubnahayadu waxay diyaar u yihiin inay ka jawaabaan su'aalaha aad qabtid. Fadlan kala xiriir Dr. David Vine dhanka vine@american.edu ama 202-885-2923.
Daacadnimo,
Iskudhafka Dibadda iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u-Celinta
Xiriirka xubnaha hoos ku taxan waxaa loogu talagalay ujeedooyin aqoonsi.
Medea Benjamin, CoDirector, CODEPINK
Leah Bolger, CDR, US Navy (Ret.), Madaxweyne World BEYOND War
Cynthia Enloe, Professor cilmi-baaris, Jaamacadda Clark
John Feffer waa agaasimaha siyaasada arimaha dibada
Joseph Gerson, kuxigeenka, Xafiiska Nabada Caalamiga
Kate Kizer, Agaasimaha Siyaasadda, Guul la’aan Dagaal
Barry Klein, Isbahaysiga Siyaasadda Dibadda
John Lindsay-Poland, qoraaga Emperors ee Jungle: Taariikhda Qarsoon ee Mareykanka ee
Panama (Jaamacadda Duke Press)
Catherine Lutz, oo ah borofisar ku takhasustay cilmu-nafsiga iyo daraasaadka caalamiga, Jaamacadda Brown
Miriam Pemberton, Saaxiibka Fellow, Machadka Daraasaadka Siyaasadda
Delbert Spurlock, Lataliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Mareykanka 1981-1983; ASA M & A 1983-1989.
David Swanson, Agaasimaha Fulinta, World BEYOND War
David Vine, Professor of Anthropology, Jaamacadda Mareykanka
Allan Vogel, Isbahaysiga Siyaasadda Dibadda
Lawrence B. Wilkerson, Col., Ciidamada Mareykanka (Ret.) / Taliyihii hore ee Shaqaalaha ee Xoghayaha Arimaha Dibada Colin
Powell / Booqashada Professor ee Dowlada iyo Siyaasada Dadweynaha, Kulliyada William iyo Maryan
1. Eeg, tusaale, Catherine Lutz, "Saldhigyada Milatariga Mareykanka ee Guam ee Aragtida Caalamka," The Asia-Pacific Journal, 30-3-10, July 26, 2010, https://apjjf.org/-Catherine-Lutz/ 3389 / maqaal.html; David Vine, Saldhigga Qaranka: Sidee Saldhigyada Milatariga Mareykanka ee Dibadda ay waxyeello ugu geystaan Mareykanka iyo Dunida (Buugaagta Magaalo Weyn, 2015), chap. 7; iyo qoraalka 2.
2. Gary RW Denton, et al., “Saameynta WWII Dumpsites ee Saipan (CNMI): Xaaladda Birta culus ee Ciidda iyo Sedaxyada,” Sahanka Cilmiga Deegaanka iyo Saadaasha Hawada 23 (2016): 11339-11348; Gary RW Denton, et al., Qiimaynta Birta culus ee dareenka iyo Xulista Bilaashka ee laga soo xulay American Memorial Park Nearshore Waters, Saipan, (CNMI), Mashruuca Dhameystirka Mashruuca WERI - Iskaashiga Deegaanka Deegaanka, 2018; Gary RW Denton, et al., “Saamaynta Dhibic Xeebeedka Xeebta ee Tropical Lagoon oo ku Saabsan Isugeynta Birta ku Saabsan Xeebaha Badda Birta: Daraasad Kiis ah oo ka socota Saipan, Dawlada Dhexe ee Jasiiradaha Waqooyiga Mariana (CNMI),” Bulshooyinka Saadaasha Hawada ee 25 (2009) ) 424-455.
