Waxaa qoray Lawrence Wittner, Janaayo 1, 2018, Dagaalku waa dembi.
Intii lagu jiray bartamihii 1930-meeyadii, iibkii ugu fiicnaa kashifada ganacsiga hubka ee caalamiga ah, oo lagu daray US Baarista Kongareeska kuwa rasaas-sameeyayaasha oo uu hoggaaminayo Senator Gerald Nye, ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeeshay ra'yiga dadweynaha Mareykanka. Iyagoo ku qanacsan in qandaraaslayaasha militarigu ay kicinayaan iibinta hubka iyo dagaalka si ay faa'iido u helaan, dad badan ayaa ku koray dhaleeceynta "ganacsatada dhimashada."
Maanta, ilaa siddeetan sano ka dib, ku-xigeenadoodii, oo hadda si asluubaysan loogu yeero "qandaraaslayaasha difaaca," waa nool yihiin oo way wanaagsan yihiin. Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad Machadka Cilmi-baarista Nabadda ee Stockholm, iibinta hubka iyo adeegyada milatariga ee 100-ka shirkadood ee millatari ee ugu weyn adduunka 2016 (sanadkii ugu dambeeyay ee tirooyinka la heli karo) ayaa kor u kacay ilaa $375 bilyan. Shirkadaha Maraykanku waxay kordhiyeen saamigooda wadarta guud ilaa 58 boqolkiiba, iyagoo hub siinaya ugu yaraan 100 ummadood adduunka oo dhan.
Doorka ugu weyn ee ay shirkadaha Maraykanku ka ciyaaraan ganacsiga hubka ee caalamiga ah waxa uu leeyahay dedaalka saraakiisha dawladda Maraykanka. "Qaybo muhiim ah oo ka tirsan dowladda," ayuu yiri falanqeeye milateri William Hartung, "waxay ujeedadoodu tahay hubinta in hubka Maraykanku uu ku qulquli doono suuqa caalamiga ah iyo shirkadaha sida Lockheed iyo Boeing ay ku noolaan doonaan nolol wanaagsan. Laga soo bilaabo madaxweynaha safaradiisa dibadda ee uu ku booqanayo hoggaamiyeyaasha adduunka ee xulafada ah, xoghayeyaasha arrimaha dibadda iyo gaashaandhigga ilaa shaqaalaha safaaradaha Mareykanka, saraakiisha Mareykanka waxay si joogto ah u shaqeeyaan sidii iibiyeyaasha shirkadaha hubka. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu xusay, "Pentagon waa awood-bixiyehooda. Laga soo bilaabo dilaaliinta, fududaynta, iyo ka dhigista lacagta dhabta ah ee ka soo iibsashada hubka ilaa u wareejinta hubka xulafada la jecel yahay ee lacagta cashuur bixiyayaasha, nuxur ahaan waa ka ganacsiga hubka ugu weyn adduunka.
Sannadkii 2013, markii Tom Kelly, ku xigeenka kaaliyaha xoghayaha xafiiska arrimaha siyaasadda ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibedda la weydiiyey intii lagu jiray dhegaysigii Congress-ka ee ku saabsan in maamulka Obama uu ku filan yahay horumarinta dhoofinta hubka Maraykanka, wuxuu ku jawaabay: "[Waxaan] u doodaynaa magaca. ee shirkadahayaga oo aan samayno wax kasta oo aan awoodno si aan u hubinno in iibintaasi ay socoto. . . taasina waa wax aan samaynayno maalin kasta, asal ahaan [ qaarad kasta oo adduunka ah. . . waxaanan si joogto ah uga fakaraynaa sidii aan wax kasii wanaagsanaan lahayn.” Tani waxay cadaysay qiimayn ku filan oo cadaalad ah, waayo lixdii sano ee ugu horeysay ee maamulka Obama, saraakiisha dawladda Maraykanku waxay hubiyeen heshiisyo ku saabsan iibinta hubka Maraykanka oo ka badan $ 190 ee adduunka oo dhan, gaar ahaan Bariga Dhexe ee kacsan. Waxa uu go’aansaday in uu ka roonaado Madaxweynihii isaga ka horeeyey ee Madaxweyne Donald Trump, safarkiisii ugu horeeyay ee dibadda ah, waxa uu ku faanay heshiis hub ah oo dhan $110 bilyan (oo isu geyn $350 bilyan tobanka sano ee soo socda) uu la galay Sacuudi Carabiya.
Suuqa ugu weyn ee hubka kaliya ayaa weli ah Mareykanka, waayo dalkan ayaa kaalinta koowaad kaga jira wadamada dhaqaalaha ku baxa militariga boqolkiiba 36 ee wadarta guud ee caalamka. Trump waa nin jecel xamaasad ciidan, sida uu yahay Congress-ka Jamhuuriga, kaas oo hadda ku guda jira ansixinta a Kororka boqolkiiba 13 Miisaaniyaddii hore ee xiddigiska ee Mareykanka. Inta badan kharashaadkan milatari ee mustaqbalka waxa hubaal ah inay u go'an tahay iibsashada hub cusub oo aad qaali u ah, qandaraaslayaasha ciidamada Waxay ku xeel dheer yihiin bixinta malaayiin doolar oo ololaha ololaha ah ee siyaasiyiinta baahan, iyagoo shaqaaleysiiyay 700 ilaa 1,000 u ololeeya si ay u soo jiitaan iyaga, iyagoo sheeganaya in tas-hiilaadkooda wax-soo-saarka ciidanku ay lagama maarmaan u yihiin abuurista shaqooyin, iyo abaabulida taangiyada ay maalgeliyaan shirkadaha si ay u muujiyaan shisheeye waligood weyn. "khatarta"
Waxa kale oo ay ku xisaabtami karaan soo dhawayn saaxiibtinimo oo ay ka heleen madaxdoodii hore ee hadda haya jagooyin heer sare ah oo ka tirsan maamulka Trump, oo ay ku jiraan: Xoghayaha Difaaca James Mattis (xubin hore oo ka tirsan guddiga guud ee Dynamics); Madaxa shaqaalaha ee Aqalka Cad John Kelly (oo ay hore u shaqayn jireen dhawr qandaraasle oo milatari); Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Difaaca Patrick Shanahan (Madaxii hore ee Boeing); Xoghayaha Ciidanka Mark Esper (madaxweyne ku xigeenkii hore ee Raytheon); Xoghayaha Ciidanka Cirka Heather Wilson (la taliyihii hore ee Lockheed Martin); Xoghaye hoosaadka Difaaca ee Helitaanka Ellen Lord (Maamule hore ee shirkad hawada sare ah); iyo Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee Golaha Amniga Qaranka Keith Kellogg (wuxuu ahaan jiray shaqaale ka tirsanaan jiray qandaraasle militari iyo sirdoon).
Habkani waxa uu si fiican ugu shaqeeyaa qandaraaslayaasha millatariga Maraykanka, sida lagu muujiyey kiiska Lockheed Martin, oo ah ka ganacsiga hubka ee ugu weyn adduunka. 2016, iibka hubka Lockheed ayaa kor u kacay ku dhawaad 11 boqolkiiba ilaa $ 41 bilyan, shirkaduna si fiican ayay ugu socotaa in ay taajirnimo ka sii korodho iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay wax soo saarkeeda Diyaaradda dagaalka ee F-35. Lockheed waxa ay bilawday ka shaqaynta horumarinta diyaarada dagaalka ee tignoolajiyada ku hormartay sanadihii 1980-tii ilaa 2001-dii, dawlada Maraykanku waxa ay kharash garaysay $ 100 bilyan wax soo saarkeeda. Maanta, qiyaasaha falanqeeyayaasha militariga ee ku saabsan wadarta kharashka canshuur bixiyayaasha 2,440 F-35 ee ay rabaan saraakiisha Pentagon-ka ayaa u dhexeeya $ 1 trillion ilaa $ 1.5 trillion, sameynta barnaamijka wax iibsiga ugu qaalisan taariikhda Maraykanka.
Dadka xiiseeya F-35 waxay cadeeyeen kharashka faraha badan ee ku baxaya diyaaradda dagaalka iyagoo xoogga saaraya inay awood u leedahay inay si degdeg ah u kiciso oo ay u soo degto, iyo sidoo kale la qabsiga isticmaalka saddex qaybood oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah ciidamada Maraykanka. Caannimadeeda ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay ka turjunto fikradooda ah in awooddeeda burburinta cayriin ay ka caawin doonto inay ku guuleystaan dagaalada mustaqbalka ee ka dhanka ah Ruushka iyo Shiinaha. "Diyaaradahaas si degdeg ah uguma geli karno," Lieutenant General Jon Davis, oo ah madaxa duulista hawada ee Marine Corps, ayaa u sheegay guddi-hoosaadka Adeegyada Qalabka ee Guriga horraantii 2017. "Waxaan leenahay ciyaar beddele, guuleyste dagaal, gacmaheena. ”
Xitaa sidaas, takhasuska diyaaradaha Tilmaan in F-35 ay sii waddo dhibaatooyin dhismeed oo aad u daran iyo in nidaamkeeda kombiyuuterka ee farsamada sare uu u nugul yahay weerar dhanka internetka ah. "Diyaaraddan waxa ay haysaa waddo dheer oo ay u socoto in ay diyaar u noqoto dagaalka," ayuu yidhi falanqeeye milatari oo ka tirsan Mashruuca Kormeerka Dawladda. "Marka la eego muddada ay ku jirtay horumarka, waa inaad ka fekertaa inay waligeed diyaar noqon doonto."
Waxaa bilaabay kharashka aan caadiga ahayn ee mashruuca F-35, Donald Trump Markii hore waxa ay ku jeesjeesay hawsha in ay tahay "laga baxay" Laakiin, ka dib markii uu la kulmay saraakiisha Pentagon-ka iyo maamulaha Lockheed Marilynn Hewson, madaxweynaha cusub wuxuu bedelay koorsada, isagoo ku amaanay "Fntastic" F-35 "diyaarad weyn" oo u oggolaanaya qandaraas balaayiin doolar ah oo loogu talagalay 90 ka badan.
Dib u milicsiga, midna lama yaabayo. Ka dib oo dhan, qandaraaslayaasha kale ee waaweyn ee militariga - tusaale ahaan, Nazi Germany's Krupp iyo IG Farben iyo Faashiistaha Japan Mitsubishi iyo Sumitomo ―si weyn bay u barwaaqeeyeen iyagoo u hubeeyay dalalkooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxayna sii wadeen barwaaqada wixii ka dambeeyay. Ilaa iyo inta dadku ay sii haystaan rumaysadkooda qiimaha ugu sarreeya ee awoodda milatari, waxaan sidoo kale filan karnaa Lockheed Martin iyo "ganacsatada kale ee dhimashada" inay sii wadaan faa'iidada dagaalka ee kharashka dadweynaha.
Lawrence Wittner (http://www.lawrenceswittner.com) waa Professor of History Emeritus ee SUNY/Albany waana qoraaga La-dagaallanka Bam (Jaamacadda Stanford Press).
