Isbaheysiga Dib-u-habeynta Saldhigga Dibadda iyo Xiritaanka ayaa soo diray warqad ay kaga dalbanayaan Golaha Guurtida iyo Guddiyada Adeegga Ciidanka Qalabka Sida in ay ku daraan shuruudaha warbixinta saldhigyada dibadda ee FY2020 NDAA si loo kordhiyo daahfurnaanta, loo badbaadiyo dollarka canshuur bixiyayaasha, loona hagaajiyo amniga qaranka. Warqadan oo ku lifaaqan iyo hoos ku qoran, waxa ku saxeexnaa in ka badan labaatameeyo khubaro iyo ururo ah oo ku takhasusay saldhigyada ciidamada.

Su'aalaha waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa OBRACC2018@gmail.com.

Mahadsanid

David

David Vine
Professor
Waaxda Antropoloji
Jaamacadda American
4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20016 USA

Ogosto 23, 2019

Mudane James Inhofe

Guddoomiyaha Golaha Guurtida ee Adeegga Ciidanka

 

Mudane Jack Reed

Xubinta Darajooyinka, Guddiga Golaha Guurtida ee Adeegyada Ciidanka

 

Mudane Adam Smith

Guddoomiyaha, Guddiga Adeegyada Ciidanka ee Aqalka

 

Sharafta leh Mac Thornberry

Xubinta Darajada, Guddiga Adeegyada Ciidanka ee Aqalka

 

Guddoomiyeyaasha qaaliga ah Inhofe iyo Smith, iyo Xubnaha Darajooyinka Reed iyo Thornberry:

Waxaan nahay koox khubaro saldhig military ah oo ka kala socda qaybaha siyaasadda qoraal si ay kuugu booriyaan inaad ilaaliso Sek. 1079 ee HR 2500, "Warbixin ku saabsan Kharashaadka Maaliyadeed ee Dibeda Maraykanka ee Booska iyo Hawlgallada Military," ee Sharciga Ogolaanshaha Difaaca Qaranka ee Sannad Maaliyadeed 2020. Haddii si adag loo fuliyo, warbixintan waxay kordhin doontaa daahfurnaanta waxayna awood u siinaysaa kormeer wanaagsan oo ku saabsan kharashka Pentagon, wax ku biirinta dadaallada muhiimka ah ee lagu ciribtirayo kharashaadka milatari ee khasaara, iyo kor u qaadista diyaargarowga ciidamada iyo amniga qaranka.

Muddo aad u dheer, waxaa jirtay daah-furnaan yar oo ku saabsan saldhigyada ciidamada Mareykanka iyo howlgallada dibadda. Hadda waxa jira qiyaastii 800 oo saldhigyo milatari oo Maraykan ah ("goobaha saldhiga") oo ka baxsan 50-ka gobol iyo Washington, DC. Waxay ku baahsan yihiin ilaa 80 waddan iyo dhulal-qiyaastii labanlaab tirada dalalka martida loo yahay marka loo eego dhammaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa.[1]

Cilmi baaris ayaa muddo dheer muujisay in saldhigyada dibadda ay si gaar ah u adag tahay in la xiro marka la dhiso. Badana, saldhigyada dibeddu way furnaadaan sababtoo ah hawlkarnimo xafiiseed oo keliya.^[2] Saraakiisha ciidamada iyo kuwa kale ayaa had iyo jeer u qaata in haddii saldhig dibadeed jiro, ay tahay inay faa'iido leedahay; Koongarasku marar dhif ah ayay ku qasbaan milatariga inay falanqeeyaan ama muujiyaan faa'iidooyinka amniga qaranka ee saldhigyada dibadda.

Fadeexada musuqmaasuqa ee "Fat Leonard" ee Ciidanka Badda, taas oo keentay in tobanaan milyan oo doolar lagu soo oogo iyo musuqmaasuq baahsan oo ka dhex jira saraakiisha sarsare ee ciidamada badda, waa mid ka mid ah tusaalooyin badan oo muujinaya la'aanta kormeerka rayidka ee saxda ah ee dibadda. Joogitaanka militariga ee Afrika waa mid kale: Markii afar askari ay ku dhinteen dagaalka Niger 2017, xubnaha Congress-ka intooda badan waa ay naxeen markii ay ogaadeen in ay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​1,000 askari oo militari ah dalkaas. In kasta oo Pentagon-ka uu muddo dheer sheeganayey inuu hal saldhig ku leeyahay Afrika—oo ku yaal Jabuuti—cilmi-baadhistu waxay muujinaysaa in hadda ay jiraan ku dhawaad ​​40 xarumood oo cabbirro kala duwan leh (hal sarkaal oo milatari ah ayaa qiray 46 rakibo sannadkii 2017).[3] Waxay u badan tahay inaad ka mid tahay koox yar oo Congress ka ah oo og in ciidamada Maraykanku ay ku lug lahaayeen dagaalka ugu yaraan 22 waddan tan iyo 2001, oo leh natiijooyin masiibo joogto ah.[4]

Hababka kormeerka ee hadda kuma filna Congress-ka iyo dadweynaha si ay u isticmaalaan xakamaynta saxda ah ee rayidka ah ee qalabka iyo hawlaha milatariga ee dibadda. Pentagon-ka sannadlaha ah "Warbixinta Qaabdhismeedka Saldhigga" wuxuu bixiyaa macluumaad ku saabsan tirada iyo cabbirka goobaha saldhigyada ee dibadda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku guul dareysataa inay ka warbixiso daraasiin qalab ah oo si fiican loo yaqaan ee dalalka adduunka oo dhan waxayna si joogta ah u bixisaa xog aan dhammaystirnayn ama aan sax ahayn.[5] Qaar badan ayaa ka shakisan in Pentagon-ku aanu garanayn tirada dhabta ah ee rakibaadda dibadda.

Waaxda Difaaca "Warbixinta Kharashka Dibadda," oo lagu soo gudbiyay dukumeentigeeda miisaaniyadeed, waxay bixisaa macluumaad xaddidan oo ku saabsan rakibaadyada qaar laakiin maaha dhammaan dalalka ay ciidamadu ku hayaan saldhigyada. Xogta Warbixintu inta badan ma dhammaystirna oo inta badan ma jiraan dalal badan. In ka badan toban sano, DoD waxay ka warbixisay wadarta kharashyada sanadlaha ah ee rakibaadda dibadda ee ku dhow $20 bilyan. Falanqaynta madax-bannaani waxay muujinaysaa in kharashka dhabta ah ee ka shaqaynta iyo ilaalinta saldhigyada dibadda uu ka badan yahay tiradaas laba jibaaran, oo ka badan $ 51 bilyan sannadkii, kharashka guud (oo ay ku jiraan shaqaalaha) oo dhan $ 150 bilyan. la yaab leh marka loo eego tobanaan balaayiin doolar oo ka soo qulqulaya gobollada iyo degmooyinka xubnaha Congress-ka ee meelo dibadda ah sannad kasta.

Haddii si sax ah loo fuliyo, warbixinta looga baahan yahay Sek. 1079 ee HR 2500 waxay si weyn u wanaajin doontaa hufnaanta hawlgallada militariga ee dibedda waxayna u oggolaan doontaa Congresska iyo dadweynaha inay sameeyaan kormeer rayid ah oo habboon oo ku saabsan Pentagon-ka. Waxaan kaa codsaneynaa inaad ku darto Sek. 1079 ee FY2020 NDAA. Waxaan sidoo kale kugu boorineynaa inaad dib u eegto luqadda wax ka beddelka si aad ugu dhufo erayada cutubka 1, "oo ay ku jiraan liiska sare ee goobta waara." Marka la eego ku filnaansho la'aanta Warbixinta Qaabdhismeedka Saldhigga, warbixinta loo baahan yahay waa in ay diiwaangeliso kharashyada iyo faa'iidooyinka amniga qaranka ee dhammaan Rakibaadaha Maraykanka ee dibadda.

Waad ku mahadsan tahay qaadista tillaabooyinkan muhiimka ah si kor loogu qaado daah-furnaanta, loo badbaadiyo dollarka canshuur bixiyayaasha, iyo horumarinta amniga qaranka.

Daacadnimo,

Iskudhafka Dibadda iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u-Celinta

Christine Ahn, Haweenka Hore DMZ

Andrew J. Bacevich, Machadka Quincy ee Xirfadda Dawladnimo ee Mas'uulka ah

Medea Benjamin, Xiriiriyaha, Codepink

Phyllis Bennis, Agaasimaha, Mashruuca Caalamiga ah ee Cusub, Machadka Daraasaadka Siyaasadda

Leah Bolger, CDR, Ciidanka Badda Mareykanka (ret), Madaxweyne World BEYOND War

Noam Chomsky, Professor Linguistics, Agnese Nelms Haury Guddoomiyaha, Jaamacadda Arizona/Professor Emeritus Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cynthia Enloe, Professor cilmi-baaris, Jaamacadda Clark

Isbahaysiga Siyaasadda Dibadda, Inc.

Joseph Gerson, Madaxweynaha, Ololaha Nabadda, Hub ka dhigista iyo Amniga Guud

David C. Hendrickson, Koleejka Colorado

Matthew Hoh, Sarkaal Sare, Xarun Siyaasadeed ee Caalamiga ah

Guahan Coalition for Peace and Justice

Kyle Kajihiro, Hawai'i Peace and Justice

Gwyn Kirk, Haweenka loogu talo galay Amniga Dhab Ah

MG Dennis Laich, Ciidanka Maraykanka, Hawlgab

John Lindsay-Poland, Jooji Hubka Maraykanka ee Iskuduwaha Mashruuca Mexico, Isweydaarsiga Caalamiga ah; qoraa, Amiirradii hawdka: Taariikhda Qarsoon ee Mareykanka ee Panama

Catherine Lutz, Thomas J. Watson.

Khury Petersen-Smith, Machadka Daraasaadka Siyaasadda

Del Spurlock, Lataliyihii hore ee Guud iyo Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Ciidanka Maraykanka ee Arrimaha Awooda iyo Kaydka

David Swanson, Agaasimaha Fulinta, World BEYOND War

David Vine, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Jaamacadda Mareykanka

Stephen Wertheim, Machadka Quincy ee Mas'uulka ka ah Dawladnimada iyo Machadka Saltzman ee Dagaalka iyo Daraasaadka Nabadda, Jaamacadda Columbia

Kornayl Ann Wright, Ciidanka Mareykanka ayaa shaqada ka fariistay iyo diblumaasi hore oo Mareykan ah

Dhammaantiis

[1] David Vine, "Liiska Saldhigyada Militariga Mareykanka ee Dibadda," 2017, Jaamacadda Mareykanka, http://dx.doi.org/10.17606/M6H599; David Vine, Aasaaska Qaranka: Sida Loo Isticmaalo Milatariga Milatariga ee Maraykanku dibadda u soo saaro America iyo World (Magaalo, 2015). Xaqiiqooyin badan iyo tirooyin ku saabsan saldhigyada Maraykanka ee dibadda ayaa laga heli karaa at www.overseasbases.net/fact-sheet.html.Su'aalo, macluumaad dheeraad ah: OBRACC2018@gmail.com / www.overseasbases.net.

[2] Mid ka mid ah daraasadaha dhifka ah ee Kongareeska ee saldhigyada Mareykanka iyo joogitaanka dibedda ayaa muujisay in "mar haddii saldhigga Mareykanka ee dibedda la dhiso, ay qaadato nolol iyada u gaar ah…. Hawlgallada asalka ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo duug ah, laakiin hawlgallo cusub ayaa la horumariyaa, kaliya maaha in ujeedadu tahay in xarunta lagu sii socdo, laakiin inta badan si dhab ah loo ballaariyo." Senetka Mareykanka, "Heshiiska Ammaanka Mareykanka iyo Ballanqaadyada Dibadda," Dhageysiga ka hor Guddi-hoosaadka Aqalka Sare ee Heshiisyada Ammaanka Mareykanka iyo Ballanqaadyada Dibadda ee Guddiga Xiriirka Dibadda, Congress-ka kow iyo sagaashan, Vol. 2, 2417. Cilmi-baaris dhawaan la sameeyay ayaa xaqiijisay natiijadan. Tusaale ahaan, John Glaser, "Ka-noqoshada Saldhigyada Dibadda: Waa maxay sababta Booska Milatari ee horay loo sii daayey uu yahay mid aan loo baahnayn, duugoobay, oo khatar ah," Falanqaynta Siyaasadda 816, Machadka CATO, Luulyo 18, 2017; Chalmers Johnson, Dhibaatooyinka Boqortooyada: Militariga, Xajinta, iyo Dhammaadka Jamhuuriyadda (New York: Metropolitan, 2004); Geed canab ah, Aasaaska Qaranka.

[3] Nick Turse, "Militeriga Maraykanku waxay sheegeen inay ku leeyihiin 'Raad fudud' Afrika. Dukumeentiyadani waxay muujinayaan shabakad ballaadhan oo saldhigyo ah, " Dhexgalka, Diisambar 1, 2018,https://theintercept.com/2018/12/01/u-s-military-says-it-has-a-light-footprint-in-africa-these-documents-show-a-vast-network-of-bases/; Stephanie Savell iyo 5W Infographics, "Khariidaddani waxay muujinaysaa halka aduunka uu militariga Maraykanku la dagaalamo argagixisada," Joornaalka Smithsonian, Janaayo 2019, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/map-shows-places-world-where-us-military-operates-180970997/; Nick Turse, "Raadka Dagaalka Mareykanka ee Afrika ee sirta ah dukumeentiyada militariga Mareykanka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday saldhigyada militariga Mareykanka ee guud ahaan Qaaraddaas," TomDispatch.com, Abriil 27, 2017, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176272/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_the_u.s._military_moves_deeper_into_africa/.

[4] Afgaanistaan, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Yemen, Iraq, Libya, Uganda, South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Chad, Niger, Central African Republic, Syria, Kenya, Cameroon, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo, Saudi Arabia iyo Tunisia. Eeg Savell iyo 5W xog-ururin; Nick Turse iyo Sean D. Naylor, "Waxa la daaha ka qaaday: Hawlgallada 36-ka ah ee Milateriga Maraykanka ee Afrika," Yahoo News, Abriil 17, 2019, https://news.yahoo.com/revealed-the-us-militarys-36-codenamed-operations-in-africa-090000841.html.

[5] Nick Turse, "Saldhigyada, Saldhigyada, Meel kasta... Marka laga reebo Warbixinta Pentagon," TomDispatch.com, Janaayo 8, 2019, http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/176513/tomgram%3A_nick_turse%2C_one_down%2C_who_knows_how_many_to_go/#more; Geed canab ah, Qaranka saldhiga, 3-5; Vine, "Liiska Saldhigyada Militariga Mareykanka ee Dibadda."

[6] David Vine, Jaamacadda Ameerika, qiyaasta kharashka saldhigga ah ee OBRACC, vine@american.edu, cusbooneysiinta xisaabaadka gudaha Canabka, Qaranka saldhiga, 195-214.