Kordhinta militariga Waqooyiga Sare iyo gobolka Baltiga

Waxaa qoray Agneta Norberg, World BEYOND War, September 20, 2020

Shirkadaha waaweyn, gaar ahaan kuwa warshadaha militariga, ayaa si xoog leh u riixay ballaarinta iyo ballaarinta doorka NATO. Candhuuftooda cad ee faa'iidada suurtagalka ah waxay ahayd mid aan muran lahayn intii lagu jiray dabbaaldegga sannad-guurada 50aad ee NATO oo noqday "fursadda suuq-geyn ee ugu dambeysa." Guddiga martida loo yahay waxaa ka mid ahaa madaxda sare ee Ameritech, Daimler, Chrysler, Boeing, Ford Motor, General Motors, Honeywell, Lucent Technologies, Motorola, SBC Communications, TRW iyo United Technologies. Shirkadahani waxay ku mashquulsanaayeen u ololaynta balaadhinta NATO.

Waqooyiga ee NATO.

Thorvald Stoltenberg wuxuu ahaa wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Norway. Wuxuu ahaa aabaha Jens Stoltenberg, Xoghayaha Guud ee NATO maanta. Thorvald Stoltenberg waxa uu sameeyay warbixin 2009, Iskaashiga Waqooyiga Yurub ee Siyaasadda Dibadda iyo Amniga. Soo jeedinta uu soo bandhigay warbixintan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay shirkii aan caadiga ahayn ee wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee Waqooyiga Yurub, ee Oslo, Febraayo 9, 2009.

Dhawr sano ka dib markii la soo bandhigay warbixinta Thorvald Stoltenber, arrimuhu si degdeg ah ayay u horumareen si loo xaqiijiyo samaynta ururka Waqooyiga Yurub ee qorshaynta dagaalka NATO. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Britain, David Cameron, ayaa bishii January, 2011, ku martiqaaday London ra'iisul wasaarayaal ka kala yimid dhammaan dalalka Waqooyiga Yurub. qayb ka mid ah shirkii ugu horreeyay ee Waqooyiga/Baltiga ee London si loo xoojiyo "isbahaysiga danaha guud". Mawduucyada kulankan ayaa ahaa talooyinka lagu soo bandhigay warbixinta Thorvald Stoltenber.

Ka dib markii warbixintan la soo bandhigay, laga dooday oo la qaatay, Waqooyiga oo dhan ayaa horumariyay, sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya, oo laga dhigay goob lagu tababaro ciidamada NATO iyo hubka cusub ee dhammaan Scandinavian iyo gobollada Baltic iyo badda bari. Qoraalka soo socdaa waa soo bandhigid ku saabsan sida wadamada Waqooyiga Yurub ay ugu horumareen dagalka dagalka US/NATO ee Ruushka.

Iswidhan

Sharaxaada horumarka milatari ee Iswidhan, wadankii hore ee dhexdhexaadka ahaa iyo mid aan la socon, waa mid niyad jab iyo walaac leh. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay dalkan oo nabad ah wuxuu isu beddelay goob dagaal oo ballaaran oo ku taal Waqooyiga iyo sidoo kale Koonfurta Iswiidhan. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan waa samaynta NEAT- Waqooyiga Yurub Aerospace Testrange, oo qiyaas ahaan le'eg Beljamka, oo ku taal gobolka Norrbotten, oo ay isticmaalaan wadamada NATO si ay u tababaraan una horumariyaan qalabka milatari, gantaalada, iyo diyaaradaha. Meesha NEAT dhab ahaantii waa laba goobood oo tijaabo ah oo isku xidhan taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad u weyn oo ku habboon in la tijaabiyo laguna horumariyo hababka iyo qalabka robots-ka fog ee kala duwan. Si taas loo gaaro, waxaa jiray go'aan 2004, baarlamaanka Iswiidhan, in NEAT loo shaqaaleysiiyo militariga ajnabiga ah iyo kuwa soo saara hubka ujeedooyinkaas. Dukumeentiga gundhigga u ah go'aankan waxaa loogu magac daray "Snow, Darkness, and Cold" waxaana sameeyay dimuqraadiga bulshada, Leif Leifland.

Tijaabooyin iyo tababaro badan oo ku saabsan hababka hubka ayaa, tan iyo markaas, loo oggolaaday inay dhacaan. Tusaale ahaan tijaabinta diyaarada aan duuliyaha lahayn, NEURON, oo ah mashruuc ay wadaagaan Iswidhan SaabAero, iyo French Dassault Aviation, oo ay weheliyaan shirkadaha Switzerland, Spain, Greece, iyo Italy. Tusaale kale waa hubka riddada dheer ee Maraykanka, AMRAAM, kaas oo ah gantaal hawada sare ku xidhan. AMRAAM waxay u soo gaaban tahay "Heerka-gantaalka-hawo-wareegga ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee sareeyo". Gantaalkan ayaa ah midka ugu casrisan, ugu awooda badan, uguna isticmaalka badan gantaalada hawada ilaa hawada laga isticmaalo ee caalamka oo dhan, waxaana laga soo iibsadaa lagana isticmaalaa 35 wadan. Gantaalkan waxaa haga nidaamyada radar wuxuuna awood u leeyahay inuu helo bartilmaameedyadiisa ka baxsan baaxadda muuqaalka inta lagu jiro dhammaan xaaladaha cimilada, maalin iyo habeen. AMRAAM waxa iibsada oo isticmaala wadamo kale: Kuwait, Israel, South Korea, iyo Sweden, oo ku qalabaysay garabka dagaalka ee SAAB-39-Gripen, gantaalkan.

Aaggan ballaaran, NEAT, wuxuu noqday mid caan ka ah diyaargarowga dagaalka NATO: US, Britain, France, Greece, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania iyo dalal kale oo badan ayaa tijaabinaya. hubkooda halkaas iyo samaynta dhoolatus dagaal ee ciyaaraha dagaalka NATO. Milateriga Sweden ayaa ku andacoonaya in goobtan ay tahay meel aan la degin oo ku habboon in lagu tijaabiyo laguna sameeyo jimicsi. Dadka Samirka ah ayaa is khilaafay oo si weyn ayay uga soo horjeesteen.

Tusaalooyinka dhoolatusyada waaweyn ee caalamiga ah ee US/NATO waa Jawaab Qabow, oo la qabto sanadkii labaadba, iyadoo 16,300 oo ciidamada NATO ah 2012, iyo 16,000 oo ciidamada NATO ah 2014, oo ay ku xigto dhoolatus sannadkii labaadba iyada oo tiro isku mid ah oo ciidan ah. Dadka caadiga ah ma ogaan lahaayeen jimicsiyadan waaweyn haddii shil uusan soo saarin tan 2012, markii diyaarad xamuul ah ay ku duushay buurta Kebnekaise, shaqaalihii saarnaana shan dhallinyaro Norvegian ah ayaa dhintay. Juun 2-deedii, 2015, waxaa goob joog ka ahaa ciyaar kale oo dagaal, Arctic Challenge Exercise, jimicsi dagaal oo ballaaran, oo ka dhacay gobollada Västerbotten iyo Norrbotten. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee Lulea, Kalax, ayaa xarun u ahayd, waxaana ku sugnaa 115 diyaaradood oo kuwa dagaalka ah oo ka kala yimid 13 dal. Inta lagu guda jiro jimicsiga 95 hawo ayaa hawada ku jiray isku mar waxayna dabooleen aag weyn sida Jarmalka oo dhan. Luleå/Kalax, waxay, u badan tahay, noqon doontaa US/Nato Northern Military Center, goorta iyo haddii Iswiidhan ku biirto Nato. Ciyaartan gaarka ah, laba AWACS ayaa la isticmaalay. AWACS waxay u gaaban tahay Digniinta Hawada iyo Saldhigga Xakamaynta, taas oo siisa Isbahaysiga "amar hawada ku jirta oo la heli karo iyo xakamaynta hawada iyo ilaalinta badda iyo awoodda maamulka goobta dagaalka." Saldhigga Cirka ee US/NATO ee Geilenkirchen, Germany, waxa uu hoy u yahay 17 AWACS.

Laakiin waxaa jira iska caabin ka dhan ah jimicsiyadan khatarta ah: Markii ACE-gani uu bilaabmi lahaa, koox dumar ah oo Iswidhish ah ayaa gooyay xayndaabka garoonka hawada oo gudaha u soo galay oo dul maray garoonka hawada iyagoo wata boor ay ku qoran yihiin: "WAA KU FILAN!" Waxaana gacanta ku dhigay ciidamada Booliska oo xabsiga la dhigay. Su’aalo ayaa la waydiiyay oo dacwad lagu soo oogay, waxaana la horgeeyay maxkamadda Luleå, waxayna ahayd inay bixiyaan ganaax.

Norway iyo Denmark

Norway waxay ku biirtay NATO 1949, afar sano oo kaliya ka dib markii Midowgii Soofiyeeti uu Norway ka caawiyay inay ka ceyriyaan ciidamadii Nazi-ga ee waqooyiga Norway. Kumanaan askari ayaa la dilay. Midowgii Soofiyeeti wuxuu noqday mid caan ka ah dadka Norway ee ku nool Waqooyiga Norway. Waxaa jiray dareeno kale oo ku wajahan Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Koonfurta, ugu yaraan siyaasiyiinta iyo militariga Norway. Quwado xooggan ayaa horey u dejiyay qorshaha mustaqbalka ee Norway. Siyaasiyiinta qaar ayaa qaxooti ku ahaa London, ka hor inta uusan dagaalku dhammaanin waxay dejiyeen qorshayaal mustaqbalka Norway ah. Arbeiderpartiet (Xisbiga Labour Party) ayaa talada hayay wuxuuna ahaa aqlabiyadda baarlamaanka. Tryggve Lie, iyo kuwo kale, waxay ahayd xooga ka dambeeya qorshayaasha sirta ah ee Norway loogu jiiday NATO. Maraykanku waxa uu hore u dejiyey qorshayaal uu Norway uga dhigayo xuduudka istiraatijiyadeed ee Bari ee Maraykanku la leeyahay Midowgii Sofiyeeti. Tryggve Lie ayaa markaa loo magacaabay Xoghayihii Guud ee ugu horreeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay.

Maraykanku waxa uu sameeyay qorshayaal uu ku hareeraynayo oo lagu ilaalinayo Soofiyeedka, waxana uu bilaabay duullaan saliib ah oo ka dhan ah waddanka dagaalku aafeeyay. Norway aad ayey muhiim ugu noqotay qorshayaashaas sababtoo ah dalku waxa uu xuduud la lahaa cadawga cusub ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Norway waxa loo dejiyay inay noqoto buundada iyo gogol u ah istiraatijiyadda Maraykanka. Wax yar ka dib markii uu dhamaaday dagaalkii WWll, saraakiil sarsare oo Maraykan ah ayaa ku safrayay Norway waxayna dalbanayeen in saraakiisha sarsare ee militariga Norway ay u bedelaan ururka difaaca jihada uu Maraykanku u soo jeediyay.

Maraykanku si gaar ah uma danaynayn Danmark muddadaas. Qorshayaasha milatarigu waxay Danmark u arkeen qalab muhiim ah hal sabab oo keliya: Danmark gumaystihii Greenland. Jasiiradda weyn waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa sidii madal loogu talagalay istiraatijiyadda Mareykanka ee B-129 si ay duqeymo ugu sameeyaan Midowga Soofiyeeti. Markii dambe Maraykanku wuxuu hub nukliyeer ah geeyay saldhigga Thule oo hadda, tan iyo markii bambaanooyinkii nukliyeerka laga saaray, jasiiradda waxaa loo isticmaalaa qalabyada radar si loogu adeego baahiyaha milatariga iyo martigelinta raadaarka muhiimka ah ee Maraykanka ee loogu yeero Difaaca Gantaalka. Danmark iyo Iswidhan waxay gaadheen heshiis, inay xidhaan Öresund-ka cidhiidhiga ah ee u dhexeeya labadaas waddan, marka ay xiisaddu ka taagan tahay, oo aanay marin maraakiibta Ruushka iyo baabuurta kale ee dagaalka.

Finland

Finland waxay la leedahay Ruushka xuduud dhan 1.300 km. Xaqiiqadan waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa marka Finland laga hadlayo NATO. Bishii Disembar, 2017, Finland waxay u dabaaldegtay 100 sano oo madaxbannaanida Ruushka. Go'aanka madaxbannaanida waxaa saxiixay Vladimir Illich Lenin, hoggaamiyihii Midowga Soofiyeeti. Taariikh ahaan Iswiidhan waxa ay gumaysanaysay Finland shan boqol oo sano, balse dagaalkii ay Ruushka la gashay 1808-09 ka dib, Iswiidhan waxa ay noqotay in ay ka tanaasusho xukunkeedii Finland. Kadib WWll Finland iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay kala saxiixdeen heshiis saaxiibtinimo iyo iskaashi. Waxay ku heshiiyeen inaan loo hanjabin, weerarin, ama cid saddexaad aysan soo marin dhulka Finland oo aysan weerarin ama aysan u hanjabin Midowga Soofiyeeti. Finland waxay la soo baxday karti dublamaasiyadeed oo u gaar ah deriskeeda weyn. "Su'aasha ku saabsan dagaalka iyo nabadda, waxaan had iyo jeer taageernaa nabadda iyo colaadaha caalamiga ah, waxaan ku dadaaleynaa inaan qaadano doorka dhakhtarka halkii aan ka qaadan lahayn garsooraha," ayuu yiri madaxweyne Kekkonen.

Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dib, siyaasiyiinta Finland waxay si tartiib tartiib ah uga leexdeen siyaasaddii hore ee nabadda. Sannadkii 1992-kii Finland waxay iibsatay Hornet Warfighter oo uu Maraykanku soo saaray, waxayna noqotay mid aad iyo aad u taageersan la shaqaynta US Finland isla markiiba waxay xubin ka noqotay Partnership for Peace, NATO antechamber. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay Finland waxay ka qayb qaadatay dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqyada milatari ee US/NATO iyo dhoolatusyada dagaalka ee Waqooyiga. Tusaalooyinka qaarkood waa "Kulanka Hawada Waqooyiga" ee 2007, oo ay weheliyaan wadamo badan oo kale oo NATO ah iyo sidoo kale Iswidhan. Sannadkii 2009-kii, Finland waxay ka qayb qaadatay fallaadhaha daacadda ah, oo ah layli dagaaleedkii ugu weynaa taariikhda ilaa hadda. Ciyaartan dagaalka gaarka ah waxaa hogaaminayay Bodö Norway, Kalalax (Luleå) ee Sweden iyo garoonka diyaaradaha Oulu ee Finland.

Ciidamada Finnishka ayaa sidoo kale ka qaybqaatay dhoolatusyada dagaalka jiilaalka "Jawaab Qabow" laga bilaabo Febraayo 18th ilaa March 4th, 2012, ciyaarta dagaal ee ugu weyn tan iyo dagaalkii qaboobaa (16,300 oo askari). Finland waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaadatay "Jimicsiga Arctic Challenge Exercise", 2013, 2015, 2017. Waxaa jira iska caabin xooggan oo looga soo horjeedo ku biirista NATO ee dadka Finland, markaa tani waa in la hareer maro. Si xal loogu helo dhibaatadan Finland waxay la jirtay wadamada kale ee Waqooyiga Yurub, oo lagu martiqaaday London si ay u abuuraan "Mini-NATO". Wadashaqeyntu waa mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee iskaashiga. Bishii Sebtembar 2014, Taliyaha Ciidanka Finland, wuxuu u saxiixay Taageerada Qaranka Martigelinta ee NATO. Horumarkaani waa dhif ama waligood si furan loogama hadlin warbaahinta ama baarlamaanka Finland. Bishii Juun 2016, dhoola-tusyo badan oo NATO ah ayaa ka dhacay dhammaan gobolka Badda Baltic: 40.000 oo ciidan ah ayaa ka qaybqaatay laylisyada badda iyo hawada ee isbarbar socda: Baltops, jimicsi dagaal laga bilaabo Juun 3rd ilaa June18th, marin iyo dagaal dagaal oo leh 6.000 oo ciidan halka Finland iyo Iswiidhan waxay ka qaybqaadatay sidoo kale "Anakonda" oo ah jimicsi dhulka iyo dagaalka ah oo ay la socdaan 25.000 oo askari oo jooga Poland. Ciidamada Maraykanka iyo Cirka ayaa kaalin dhexe ka qaatay, wadamada kale ee ka qaybqaatay waxay ahaayeen Estonia, Latvia, Lituania, Albania, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kosovo, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkiga iyo Great Britain.

Wadamada Baltiga

Estonia, Latvia iyo Lituania, wadamo yar yar oo ku yaal badda Baltic-ga oo inta badan loo yaqaan dawladaha Baltic. Saddexdan dawladood waxay ku biireen NATO 2004. Maraykanku wuxuu qaaday nooc kasta oo hindise ah si uu u isticmaalo aaggan, oo ku xiga Ruushka, oo ah goob ciidan, isagoo sameeyay dhoolatusyo badan oo berriga iyo badda ah. Maraykanku waxa uu hadda geli karaa saldhigyada milatari ee Ämari (Estonia), Lilvarde (Lettland) iyo Siauliai (Lithuania). Ciidamada Maraykanka/ NATO waxay si degdeg ah u bilaabeen Bilayska Hawada Baltic ee hawada sare ee dalalkan. Ciidamada Cirka ee Mareykanka ayaa la wareegay ilaalada hawada Baltic.

Badda Bari waxaa ka dhaca cayaar dagaal oo loogu magacdaray, BALTOPS, taasoo ah biyaha u dhexeeya Finland, Sweden iyo dalalka Baltic-ga. Ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee halkaas ka dhacday waxaa ka qeyb qaatay 17 wadan oo ay ka qeyb qaateen ilaa 5000 oo askari, 50 maraakiib dagaal oo badda ah, 50 baalal dagaal ah iyo diyaarado helicopter ah, badmareeno badan, 10 maraakiib dagaal iyo maraakiib kale oo dagaal. Milateriga Sweden ayaa ku daray ciidamada: hal corvett, 8 diyaaradaha dagaalka ee JAS Gripen iyo 300 oo askari Swedish ah. Ciidamada Mareykanka ayaa la wareegay tiro diyaarado ah oo nooca B-52 ah, kuwaasi oo shacabka lagu ogeysiiyay duqeymo ka dhacay tuulooyin ku yaala dalka Vietnam.

Tusaalooyinka kale waxaa ka mid ah: Bishii Juun, 2014, ciidamada badda ee 12 waddan ayaa ka qayb qaatay dhoolatuska sannadlaha ah ee badda Baltic Sea. Jimicsiga noocaan ah ayaa sanado badan laga bilaabay Badda Bari. Laakiin kani wuxuu ahaa jimicsigii ugu weynaa ee caalami ah oo ka dhaca gobolka sanadkan. Waxay ka dhigan tahay in la kordhiyo tababarada wada shaqaynta ee ka dhexeeya wadamada ka qayb galaya. BALTOPS waxay ka bilaabatay Karlskrona, oo ku taal xeebta koonfureed ee Iswidhan, halkaas oo ay isugu yimaadeen saraakiil ciidan oo ka socda wadamada ka qayb qaadanaya si ay uga hadlaan xeeladaha iyo yoolalka. Wadamada ka soo qeyb galay ayaa kala ahaa Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom iyo USA.

Bishii Luulyo, 2016, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Jarmalka, Talyaaniga iyo Boqortooyada Midowday ee UK waxay saxiixeen heshiis lagu dhisayo Xarunta Sare ee Stratcom ee Riga, Latvia. Stratcom waxay u soo gaaban tahay Taliska Istaraatiijiyada Mareykanka. Waa talis dagaal oo ay maamusho Pentagon, mas'uul ka ah dagaalka macluumaadka iyo hawlgallada kale. Sweden ayaa ku biirtay 2016. Waaxda arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka ayaa hadda ku howlan dagaal dacaayad ah oo baraha bulshada ah oo ka dhan ah Ruushka.

Intii lagu jiray muddada May 11th iyo June 20th, 2020, jimicsiga weyn ee dagaalka, Aurora 20, ayaa dhacay. Wadamo badan oo NATO ah iyo dabcan Ciidanka Milatariga iyo Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka ayaa ka qayb qaatay.