By NuclearBan.US, Janaayo 22, 2023
Washington, DC — Warqad maanta loo diray madaxweyne Biden oo ay saxeexeen in ka badan 100 ururro qaran, dawlad-goboleed iyo kuwo maxalli ah ayaa ugu baaqaya Madaxweynaha inuu saxiixo heshiiska Mamnuucidda Hubka Nukliyeerka (TPNW ama “Heshiiska Banaanka Nukliyeerka”).
Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Nukliyeerka wuxuu mamnuucayaa wax kasta oo lagu sameeyo hubka nukliyeerka. Wuxuu dhaqan galay Janaayo 22, 2021, iyo Janaayo 2023, hadda waa sharciga 68 waddan. 27 dal oo kale ayaa ku guda jira ansixinta heshiiska, qaar kale oo badan ayaana ka go’an inay saxiixdaan oo ansixiyaan.
Ololeyaasha nabadeed ayaa maanta isugu soo baxay waddooyinka goobo badan oo dalka ah si ay u xusaan 2-dand sanad guurada ka soo wareegatay markii uu dhaqan galay heshiiskan oo loogu baaqay Madaxweynaha inuu saxiixo. Warqadda, oo ay taageerto qaran ahaan Peace Action, Veterans for Peace, CodePink, World BEYOND War, Pax Christi USA, Nukliyeerka Age Peace Foundation, Ururka Haweenka Caalamiga ah ee Nabadda iyo Xoriyadda, Fellowship of Reconciliation USA, iyo kuwo kale, waxay siinaya Madaxweynaha lix sababood oo adag sababta uu - iyo waa - inuu saxiixo heshiiskan hadda.
Tusaale ahaan, saxiixida Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Nukliyeerka waxay noqon doontaa bayaan ujeedo ah oo lagu fulinayo ballanqaad sharci ah oo Maraykanku sameeyay 55 sano ka hor, markii uu saxiixay heshiiskii Nukliyeerka ee Nukliyeerka oo lagu heshiiyey in laga wada xaajoodo baabi'inta dhammaan hubka nukliyeerka "si daacad ah" iyo "taariikh hore."
Sidoo kale, adduunka oo dhan ayaa marqaati ka ah waqtiga dhabta ah in hubka nukliyeerka uusan u adeegin ujeedo ciidan oo faa'iido leh. Hubka Nukliyeerka ee Maraykanku kama hor istaagin duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine. Hubka Nukliyeerka ee Ruushka kama hortagayo Mareykanka inuu hubeeyo oo uu taageero Ukraine.
Warqadda ayaa tilmaamaysa in marka la saxiixo TPNW, Maraykanku uu bilaabi karo isbeddelka qiimaha leh ee lacagta, maskaxda iyo kaabayaasha hubka nukliyeerka si loo xalliyo cimilada degdegga ah.
Full qoraalka warqadda iyo liiska ururada kuwa saxiixay waa la heli karaa halkan:
January 22, 2023
ku: Madaxweyne Joe Biden
Aqalka Cad
1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW
Washington, DC 20500
Mudane Madaxweyne Biden,
Anaga, kuwa hoosta ku saxeexan, waxaan kuugu baaqaynaa inaad si degdeg ah u saxiixdo, anigoo ku hadlaya magaca Mareykanka, Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Hubka Nukliyeerka (TPNW), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Heshiiska Mamnuucidda Nukliyeerka."
Mudane Madaxweyne, Janaayo 22, 2023 waxay ku beegan tahay sannad-guuradii labaad ee ka soo wareegtay markii uu dhaqan galay ururka TPNW. Halkan waxaa ah lix sababood oo kugu qasbaya sababta ay tahay inaad hadda u saxiixdo heshiiskan:
1. Waa wax sax ah in la sameeyo. Ilaa inta uu jiro hubka nukliyeerka, khatarta ayaa sii kordheysa maalin kasta oo dhaafa in hubkan la isticmaalo.
Sida laga soo xigtay Faafinta Aasaaska Aasaasiga ah, dunidu waxay u dhowdahay "qiyaamaha" marka loo eego wakhti kasta xitaa inta lagu jiro maalmaha ugu madow ee Dagaalkii Qaboobaa. Isticmaalka xitaa hal hub oo Nukliyeer ah ayaa ka dhigan masiibo bini'aadantinimo oo aan la qiyaasi karin. Dagaal culus oo nukliyeer ah ayaa soo afjari doona ilbaxnimada aadanaha sida aan ognahay. Ma jiro wax, Mudane Madaxweyne, oo suurtogal ah in uu cudurdaar u noqdo heerkaas khatarta ah.
Mudane Madaxweyne, khatarta dhabta ah ee ina soo food saartay maaha mid aad u badan in Madaxweyne Putin ama hogaamiye kale ay si ula kac ah u adeegsadaan hubka Nukliyeerka, in kasta oo ay taasi suurtogal tahay. Khatarta dhabta ah ee hubkan ayaa ah in qaladka bini'aadamka, cilladda kumbuyuutarka, weerarka internetka, xisaabinta khaldan, isfaham la'aanta, isgaadhsiinta, ama shil fudud ay si fudud u horseedi karto gubasho nukliyeer ah iyada oo aan cidina waligeed ku talogelin.
Xiisadda sii kordheysa ee hadda ka dhex jirta Maraykanka iyo Ruushka ayaa ka dhigaysa in hubka Nukliyeerka ah ee aan ku talo-galka ahayn aad u badan tahay, khatartuna aad bay u weyn tahay in la iska indho tiro ama la yareeyo. Waa lama huraan inaad qaaddo tallaabo aad ku dhimayso khatarahaas. Sida kaliya ee lagu yarayn karo khatartaas eber waa in la baabi'iyo hubka laftooda. Taasi waa waxa TPNW u taagan yahay. Taasi waa waxa aduunka intiisa kale ay dalbanayaan. Taasi waa waxa bani-aadmigu u baahan yahay.
2. Waxay wanaajin doontaa mawqifka Maraykanku ku leeyahay adduunka, gaar ahaanna xulafadayada dhow.
Duullaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine iyo jawaabta uu Maraykanku ka bixiyey waxa laga yaabaa inay si weyn u wanaajisay mawqifka Ameerika, ugu yaraan Galbeedka Yurub. Laakin soo dirista jiilka cusub ee hubka nukliyeerka ee Maraykanka ee "taatikada" ee Yurub ayaa si dhakhso ah u bedeli karta waxaas oo dhan. Markii ugu dambeysay ee qorshahan oo kale la isku dayo, 1980-meeyadii, waxay horseedday cadaawad aad u weyn oo loo qabo Mareykanka waxayna ku dhowdahay in la rido dhowr dowladood oo NATO ah.
Heshiiskani waxa uu taageero bulsho oo aad u weyn ku leeyahay adduunka oo dhan iyo gaar ahaan Galbeedka Yurub. Sida dalal badan oo badani ay u saxeexaan, awooddeeda iyo muhiimadeeda ayaa sii kordhaya oo keliya. Mar alla markii uu Maraykanku ka soo horjeedo heshiiskan, waxaa sii xumaanaya maqaamkeennu wuxuu ahaan doonaa indhaha caalamka oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah asxaabta ugu dhow.
Maanta oo kale, 68 waddan ayaa ansixiyay heshiiskan, iyaga oo mamnuucay wax kasta oo ku saabsan hubka Nukliyeerka ah ee dalalkaas. 27 dal oo kale ayaa ku guda jira ansixinta heshiiskan iyadoo qaar kale oo badanna ay saf ugu jiraan sidii ay u ansixin lahaayeen heshiiska.
Jarmalka, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium (iyo Australia) ayaa ka mid ahaa dalalkii sida rasmiga ah uga soo qayb galay goob-jooge ahaan kulankii ugu horreeyay ee TPNW ee sannadkii hore ka dhacay Vienna. Iyaga oo ay weheliyaan xulafada kale ee Maraykanka, oo ay ku jiraan Italy, Spain, Iceland, Denmark, Japan iyo Canada, ayaa leh codbixin dadweyne kuwaas oo si weyn u taageersan dalalkooda inay saxeexaan heshiiska, sida lagu sheegay ra'yi ururin dhowaan. Waxa kale oo jira boqollaal sharci-dejiyayaal ah oo dalalkaas saxeexay Ololaha Caalamiga ah ee baabiinta Hubka Nukliyeerka (ICAN) ee ballan-qaadka taageerada TPNW, oo ay ku jiraan ra'iisul-wasaaraha Iceland iyo Australia.
Maaha su'aal ah "haddii," laakiin kaliya "goorma," kuwan iyo dalal kale oo badan ayaa ku biiri doona TPNW oo mamnuucaya wax kasta oo lagu sameeyo hubka nukliyeerka. Sida ay sameeyaan, ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka iyo shirkadaha caalamiga ah ee ku lug leh horumarinta iyo soo saarista hubka nukliyeerka waxay la kulmi doonaan dhibaatooyin sii kordhaya si ay u sii wataan ganacsiga sida caadiga ah. Waxa hore loogu ciqaabayaa ganaax aan xad lahayn iyo ilaa xabsi daa'im haddii lagu helo ku lug lahaanshaha horumarinta, soo saarista, dayactirka, gaadiidka ama maaraynta (qof kasta) hubka nukliyeerka ee Ireland.
Sida ay si cad ugu sheegayso Buugga Dagaalka ee Mareykanka, ciidamada militariga Mareykanka waxay ku xiran yihiin heshiisyada caalamiga ah xitaa marka Mareykanku uusan saxiixin, marka heshiisyadan oo kale ay matalaan "aragtida guud ee caalamiga ah ee casriga ah” sida ay tahay in loo fuliyo howlgallada ciidamada. Iyo horeba maalgashadayaasha matalaya in ka badan $ 4.6 trillion hantida caalamiga ah ayaa ka leexday shirkadaha hubka nukliyeerka sababtoo ah caadooyinka caalamiga ah ee isbeddelaya natiijada TPNW.
3. Saxeexdu wax kale maaha ee waa bayaan ku saabsan rabitaankeena ah inaan gaarno yoolka uu Maraykanku mar horeba sharci ahaan ka go'an yahay inuu gaadho.
Sida aad si fiican u ogtihiin in heshiis la saxiixo la mid ma aha in la saxiixo, marka la ansixiyona waxaa dhaqan gala qodobada heshiiska. Saxeexdu waa uun tallaabada ugu horreysa. Saxeexa TPNW-na kuma xidhna dalkan hadaf aanu si guud iyo sharciyanba ugu heellanayn; kuwaas oo ah, baabi'inta guud ee hubka nukliyeerka.
Mareykanka waxaa ka go'an in la baabi'iyo wadarta hubka nukliyeerka tan iyo ugu yaraan 1968, markii ay saxiixday Heshiiska Nukliyeerka ee Nukliyeerka oo ay ogolaatay in laga wada xaajoodo baabi'inta dhammaan hubka nukliyeerka "si daacad ah" iyo "taariikh hore". Tan iyo markaas, Maraykanku wuxuu laba jeer siiyay "ballanqaad aan caddayn" adduunka intiisa kale si uu u guto waajibaadkiisa sharci ee ah inuu ka xaajoodo ciribtirka hubkan.
Madaxweyne Obama waxa uu ku mutaystay abaal marinta caalamiga ah ee Nobel Peace Prize ka dib markii uu Maraykanka u hibeeyey hadafka ah in dunidu noqoto mid ka xor ah Nukliyeerka, adiguna waxa aad ku celisay ballankaas dhawr jeer, oo ay ugu dambaysay Ogosto 1, 2022, oo aad ka ballan qaaday Caddaanka. Guriga "si uu u sii wado ka shaqeynta hadafka ugu dambeeya ee aduunka aan lahayn hubka nukliyeerka."
Mudane Madaxweyne, saxiixida TPNW waxay muujin doontaa daacadnimadaada sida ay uga go'an tahay inaad dhab ahaantii gaadho yoolkaas. Helitaanka dhammaan quruumaha kale ee hubka nukliyeerka ah si ay sidoo kale u saxiixaan heshiiska waxay noqon doontaa tallaabada xigta, ugu dambeyntiina horseedda ansixinta heshiiska iyo baabi'inta oo dhan hubka nuclear ka oo dhan wadamada. Dhanka kale, Maraykanku ma sii ahaan doono halis weerar nukliyeer ah ama madmadowga nukliyeerka marka loo eego hadda, iyo ilaa inta la ansixinayo, wali waxay sii wadi doontaa isla hubka nukliyeerka sida maanta.
Dhab ahaantii, marka la eego shuruudaha heshiiska, baabi'inta hubka nukliyeerka oo dhammaystiran, la xaqiijin karo oo aan laga noqon karin waxay dhacdaa oo kaliya ka dib marka la ansixiyo heshiiska, iyada oo la raacayo qorshe waqti-xiran oo sharci ah oo dhammaan dhinacyada ay tahay inay ku heshiiyaan. Tani waxay u ogolaanaysaa dhimis heersare ah iyadoo loo eegayo jadwal la isku raacsan yahay, sida heshiisyada kale ee hub ka dhigista.
4. Dunida oo dhami waxay marqaati ka tahay waqtiga dhabta ah in hubka nukliyeerka uusan u adeegin ujeedo ciidan oo faa'iido leh.
Mudane madaxweyne, dhammaan sababaha loo ilaalinayo hubka nukliyeerka waa in ay aad u awood badan yihiin sida "ka-hortagga" weligood uma baahna in la isticmaalo. Haddana haysashadayada hubka nukliyeerka si cad kama aysan hor istaagin duulaanka Ruushka ee Ukraine. Sidoo kale haysashada hubka Nukliyeerka ah ee Ruushku kamay hor istaagin Maraykanka in uu hubeeyo oo uu taageero Ukrain inkasta oo Ruushku uu ku hanjabayo.
Laga soo bilaabo 1945, Maraykanku wuxuu dagaal ku qaaday Kuuriya, Vietnam, Lubnaan, Liibiya, Kosovo, Soomaaliya, Afgaanistaan, Ciraaq, iyo Suuriya. Haysashada hubka nukliyeerka kama aysan "hortagin" mid ka mid ah dagaaladaas, mana hubo haysashada hubka nukliyeerka in uu Maraykanku "ku guulaystey" mid ka mid ah dagaaladaas.
Haysashada hubka nukliyeerka ee UK kama aysan hor istaagin Argentina in ay duulaan ku qaado jasiiradaha Falkland 1982. Haysashada hubka nukliyeerka ee Faransiiska kama aysan hor istaagin in ay lumiyaan fallaagada Algeria, Tunisia ama Chad. Haysashada hubka Nukliyeerka ah ee Israa'iil kama aysan hor istaagin duulaankii ay ku qaadeen dalkaas Suuriya iyo Masar sanadkii 1973-kii, sidoo kale kama aysan hor istaagin Ciraaq in ay ku soo da'do gantaalada Scud 1991. Haysashada hubka nukliyeerka ee Hindiya kama aysan joojin duullaanka aan tirada lahayn ee Kashmir Pakistan, sidoo kale haysashada Pakistan ee hubka nukliyeerka ma joojin mid ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqyada milatari ee Hindiya ee halkaas.
La yaab maaha in Kim Jong-un uu u maleeyo in hubka Nukliyeerka ah uu joojin doono weerar uu Mareykanku ku qaado dalkiisa, haddana shaki la’aan waxaad ku raacsan tahay in haysashada hubka Nukliyeerka ay ka dhigayso weerarkaas. dheeraad ah laga yaabaa in mar ka mid ah mustaqbalka, aan yarayn.
Madaxweyne Putin ayaa ku hanjabay inuu hubka Nukliyeerka u adeegsan doono waddan kasta oo isku daya inuu soo farageliyo duullaanka uu ku qaaday Ukraine. Taasi ma ahayn markii ugu horeysay ee qof uu ku hanjabo inuu isticmaalo hubka nukliyeerka, dabcan. Madaxweynihii kaa horeeyay ee Aqalka Cad ayaa Kuuriyada Waqooyi ugu hanjabay in ay baabi’in doonto Nukliyeerka sanadka 2017. Sidoo kale hanjabaadaha nukliyeerka waxaa sameeyay Madaxweynayaashii hore ee Mareykanka iyo hogaamiyayaasha wadamada kale ee ku hubeysan Nukliyeerka oo dib ugu laabanaya wixii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka.
Hase yeeshee hanjabaadahaasi waa kuwo aan macno lahayn oo aan la fulin, marna looma fulin sabab aad u fudud oo haddii sidaas la yeelo waxay noqonaysaa fal is-miidaamin ah, mana jirto hoggaamiye siyaasi ah oo miyir qaba oo mar uun dooran kara doorashadaas.
War-murtiyeedkiina si wadajir ah oo aad la wadaagteen Ruushka, Shiinaha, Faransiiska iyo UK bishii Janaayo ee sannadkii hore, waxaad si cad u sheegtay in "dagaalka Nukliyeerka ah aan lagu guuleysan karin oo aan waligiis lala dagaallamin." Bayaanka G20 ee ka soo baxay Bali ayaa ku celceliyay in “isticmaalka ama hanjabaada isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka ay tahay mid aan la aqbali karin. Xallinta nabada ee colaadaha, dadaallada wax looga qabanayo xasaradaha, iyo sidoo kale dublamaasiyadda iyo wadahadalka, waa muhiim. Waaga maanta waa inaanu noqon dagaal”.
Maxay ka dhigan yihiin hadallada noocaas ah, Mudane Madaxweyne, haddaysan ahayn macno-darrada dhabta ah ee haysashada iyo cusboonaysiinta hubka nukliyeerka ah ee qaaliga ah ee aan weligeed la isticmaali karin?
5. Markaad saxiixdo TPNW hadda, waxaad niyad jabin kartaa wadamada kale inay raadiyaan inay helaan hubka nukliyeerka ee iyaga u gaar ah.
Mudane Madaxweyne, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in hubka Nukliyeerka uusan joojineynin gardarrada, uusanna gacan ka geysan in lagu guuleysto dagaallada, haddana dalal kale ayaa sii waday inay rabaan. Kim Jong-un waxa uu rabaa in hubka nukliyeerka uu isaga difaaco Maraykanka si sax ah sababtoo ah we sii wad in ay ku adkaysato in hubkani si uun u difaaco us isaga ka yimid. La yaab maaha in Iran ay sidaas dareemto.
Inta aan sii wadno ku adkeysiga waa in aan haysano hubka nukliyeerka si aan u difaacno, iyo in kuwani ay yihiin dammaanadda "ugu sarreeya" ee amnigeena, in ka badan waxaan ku dhiirigelineynaa wadamada kale inay sidaas oo kale rabaan. Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Sacuudi Carabiya ayaa durbaba ka fiirsanaya inay helaan hubkooda nukliyeerka. Dhawaan waxaa jiri doona kuwa kale.
Sidee dunidu ugu soo qulqulaysaa hubka nukliyeerka ay suurtogal tahay inay ka badbaado badan tahay adduunka la'aanteed wax kasta oo hubka nukliyeerka? Mudane Madaxweyne, waa xilliga laga faa’iidaysan karo fursadda lagu baabi’in karo hubkaas hal mar, ka hor inta aan ay soo badanayaan waddamo badan oo ku haray loolan hub ah oo aan la xakamayn karin oo hal natiijo oo suurtagal ah ka dhalan kara. Hubkaas in la baabi’iyo hadda ma ahan oo kaliya damiir, ee waa lagama maarmaan amniga qaranka.
Haddii uusan jirin hal hub oo Nukliyeer ah, Mareykanka wuxuu weli ahaan lahaa dalka ugu awoodda badan adduunka marka loo eego xad aad u ballaaran. Anagoo kaashanayna xulafadayada milatariga, kharashka ciidankeena ayaa ka badan dhamaan kuwa naga soo horjeeda ee la isu keeno marar badan, sanad kasta. Ma jiro waddan dhulka ku yaal oo ku dhow inuu awood u yeesho inuu si dhab ah ugu hanjabo Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa - ilaa ay haystaan hubka nukliyeerka.
Hubka nukliyeerka ayaa ah barbareeyaha caalamiga ah. Waxay awood u siinayaan waddan yar oo faqiir ah, oo dadkiisu ay gaajoonayaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inay u hanjabaan awoodda adduunka ugu xoogga badan dhammaan taariikhda aadanaha. Habka kaliya ee ugu dambeyntii lagu baabi'in karo khatartaas waa in la baabi'iyo dhammaan hubka nukliyeerka. Taasi, Mudane Madaxweyne, waa lagama maarmaan amniga qaranka.
6. Waxaa jirta hal sabab oo kama dambeys ah oo hadda loo saxiixayo TPNW. Taasina waa danta ubadkeena iyo ubadkeena, kuwaas oo dhaxlaya adduun macno ahaan ka gubanaya indhahayaga hortooda taas oo ka dhalatay isbeddelka cimilada. Si ku filan uma xallin karno dhibaatada cimilada iyada oo aan sidoo kale wax ka qaban khatarta nukliyeerka.
Waxaad qaaday tillaabooyin muhiim ah oo aad wax kaga qabanayso dhibaatada cimilada, iyada oo loo marayo biilka kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo sharciga dhimista sicir bararka. Waxa caqabad ku noqday go'aannada Maxkamadda Sare iyo Shirweynaha adag si aad u gaadho wax badan oo aad ogtahay in loo baahan yahay si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan. Haddana, trillions Doolarka cashuur bixiyayaasha ayaa lagu shubayaa horumarinta jiilka soo socda ee hubka nukliyeerka, oo ay la socdaan dhammaan qalabka kale ee militariga iyo kaabayaasha aad saxiixday.
Mudane Madaxweyne, danta ubadkeena iyo caruurteena, fadlan ka faa'iidayso fursadan si aad u bedesho qalabka oo aad u bilawdo u gudubka adduun waara oo iyaga ah. Uma baahnid Congress-ka ama Maxkamadda Sare si aad u saxiixdo heshiis adiga oo matalaya Mareykanka. Taasi waa awoodaada Madaxweyne.
Oo anagoo saxeexayna TPNW, waxaan bilaabi karnaa isbeddelka weyn ee kheyraadka looga baahan yahay hubka nukliyeerka ilaa xalalka cimilada. Markaad calaamadeyso bilowga dhamaadka hubka nukliyeerka, waxaad awood u yeelan doontaa oo aad ku dhiirigelinaysaa kaabayaasha sayniska iyo warshadaha ee taageera warshadaha hubka nukliyeerka si ay u bilaabaan isbeddelkaas, oo ay la socdaan balaayiin maaliyadeed oo gaar ah oo taageera warshadahaas.
Iyo tan ugu muhiimsan, waxaad furi doontaa albaab aad u wanaajiso iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee Ruushka, Shiinaha, Hindiya iyo Midowga Yurub taas oo aan la'aanteed wax tallaabo ah oo cimiladu ku filnaan doonto badbaadinta meeraha.
Mudane Madaxweyne, maadaama uu yahay waddankii ugu horreeyay ee horumariya hubka Nukliyeerka ah, isla markaana ah waddanka keliya ee weligii loo adeegsaday dagaalka, Mareykanka waxaa saaran mas’uuliyad gaar ah oo damiireed si loo hubiyo inaan mar dambe loo isticmaalin. Sidaad adiguba ku tidhi khudbadii January 11, 2017. "Haddii aan rabno adduun aan lahayn hubka nukliyeerka - Maraykanku waa inuu qaataa hindisaha inuu nagu hoggaamiyo halkaas." Fadlan, Mudane Madaxweyne, waad sameyn kartaa tan! Fadlan qaado talaabada ugu horeysa ee cad ee baabi'inta nukliyeerka oo saxiix heshiiska mamnuucida Nukliyeerka.
Mahadsanid,
* Ururada geesinimada leh = saxiixayaasha rasmiga ah, ururada aan ku qornayn geesinimada waxa loogu talagalay ujeeddooyin aqoonsi oo keliya
Timmon Wallis, Vicki Elson, Aasaasayaasha, NuclearBan.US
Kevin Martin, Madaxweyne, Hawlgal nabadeed
Darien De Lu, Madaxweyne Qaybta Maraykanka, Ururka Haweenka Caalamiga ah ee Nabadda iyo Xoriyadda
Ivana Hughes, Madaxweyne, Nuclearka Aasaasiga ah ee Nabada
David Swanson, Agaasimaha Fulinta, World Beyond War
Medea Benjamin, Jodie Evans, Co-founders, CodePink
Johnny Zokovitch, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Pax Christi USA
Ethan Vesely-Flad, Agaasimaha Abaabulka Qaranka, Isku-dhafka Dib-u-heshiisiinta (FOR-USA)
Melanie Merkle Atha, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Xiriirka Nabadda ee Episcopal Peace
Susan Schnall, Madaxweyne, Ciidamadii Hore ee Nabadda
Hanieh Jodat, Iskuduwaha Iskaashiga, RootsAction
Michael Beer, Agaasime, Dhibaatooyinka Caalamiga ah
Alan Owen, aasaasaha, LABRATS (Dhaxalkii Bambaanadii Atomiga. Aqoonsiga Badbaadayaasha Imtixaanka Atoomiga)
Helen Jaccard, Maareeyaha, Halyeeyga Nabadda Mashruuca Xeerka Dahabka
Kelly Lundeen iyo Lindsay Potter, Agaasimeyaal, Nukewatch
Linda Gunter, aasaasaha, Ka baxsan Nuclearka
Leonard Eiger, Xarunta Soodejinta ee "Zero Center for Action for Nonviolent Action"
Felice iyo Jack Cohen-Joppa, Nuclearka Nukleerka
Nick Mottern, Iskuduwaha, Ban Killer Drones
Priscilla Star, Agaasime, Isbaheysiga La Dagaalanka Nukliyeerka
Cole Harrison, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Massachusetts Action Action
Rev. Robert Moore, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Isbaheysiga Nabadda (CFPA)
Emily Rubino, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Tallaabada Nabadda ee New York State
Robert Kinsey, Isbahaysiga Colorado ee Ka Hortagga Dagaalka Nukliyeerka
Rev. Rich Peacock, la-guddoomiyaha, Peace Action ee Michigan
Jean Atey, Xoghayaha Guddiga, Maryland Peace Action
Martha Speiss, John Rabiy, Peace Action Maine
Joe Burton, Khasnajiga Guddiga, North Carolina Peace Action
Kim Joy Bergier, Iskuduwaha, Michigan Jooji Ololaha Bambooyinka Nukliyeerka
Kelly Campbell, Agaasimaha Fulinta, Dhakhaatiirta Oregon ee Mas'uuliyadda Bulshada
Sean Arent, Maareeyaha Barnaamijka baabi'inta Hubka Nukliyeerka, Dhakhaatiirta Washington ee Mas'uuliyadda Bulshada
Lizzie Adams, Xisbiga Green Party ee Florida
Doug Rawlings, Halyeeyga Nabadda ee Maine Cutubka
Mario Galvan, Aagga Nabadda ee Sacramento
Gary Butterfield, Madaxweyne, San Diego Veterans For Peace
Michael Lindley, Madaxweyne, Halyeeyga Nabadda ee Los Angeles
Dave Logsdon, Madaxweyne, Halgamayaashii Magaalada Mataanaha ee Nabadda
Bill Christofferson, Halyeeyga Nabadda, Milwaukee cutubka 102
Philip Anderson, Halyeeyga Nabadda Cutubka 80aad Duluth Superior
John Michael O'Leary, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka, Halyeeyga Nabadda Cutubka 104 ee Evansville, Indiana
Jim Wohlgemuth, Halyeeyga Nabadda Cutubka Madow ee Hector
Kenneth Mayers, Xoghayaha Qaybta, Halyeeyga Nabadda Santa Fe Cutubka
Chelsea Faria, Militari ka dhig Maska Reer Galbeedka
Claire Schaeffer-Duffy, Agaasimaha Barnaamijka, Xarunta Xalalka Xasiloonida, Worcester, MA
Mari Inoue, La-aasaasaha, Mashruuca Manhattan ee adduun ka xor ah Nukliyeerka
Wadaadka Dr. Peter Kakos, Maureen Flannery, Isbahaysiga Mustaqbalka ee Xorta ah ee Nukliyeerka ee Galbeedka Mass
Douglas W. Renick, Guddoomiye, Kaniisadda Haydenville Guddiga Hoggaaminta Nabadda iyo Cadaaladda
Richard Ochs, Baltimore Peace Action
Max Obuszewski, Janice Sevre-Duszynka, Xarunta Rabshadaha Rabshadaha ee Baltimore
Arnold Matlin, Isku-duwaha, Muwaadiniinta Dooxada Genesee ee Nabadda
Wadaadka Julia Dorsey Loomis, Ololaha Wadooyinka Hampton si loo baabi'iyo Hubka Nukliyeerka (HRCAN)
Jessie Pauline Collins, la-guddoomiyaha, Iska caabinta Muwaadiniinta ee Fermi Two (CRAFT)
Keith Gunter, guddoomiye, Isbahaysiga Joojinta Fermi-3
HT Snider, Guddoomiye, Hal Abaabul Maalinta Qorraxda
Julie Levine, Agaasime-wadaag, Isbahaysiga MLK ee Isbahaysiga Greater Los Angeles
Ellen Thomas, Agaasime, Soo jeedinta Hal Olole ee Mustaqbal Nuclear-ka Xorta ah
Mary Faulkner, madaxweynaha Ururka Haweenka Codbixiyayaasha Duluth
Walaashii Clare Carter, New England Peace Pagoda
Ann Suellentrop, Agaasimaha Barnaamijka, Dhakhaatiirta Masuuliyada Bulshada - Magaalada Kansas
Robert M. Gould, MD, Madaxweyne, Dhakhaatiirta San Francisco Bay ee Mas'uuliyadda Bulshada
Cynthia Papermaster, Iskuduwaha, CODEPINK Aagga Gacanka San Francisco
Patricia Hynes, Xarunta Traprock ee Nabadda iyo Caddaaladda
Christopher Allred, Xarunta Nabadda iyo Caddaaladda ee Rocky Mountain
Jane Brown, Newton Dialogues ee Nabadda iyo Dagaalka
Steve Baggarly, Shaqaalaha Katooliga ee Norfolk
Mary S Rider iyo Patrick O'Neill, aasaasayaasha, Aabbe Charlie Mulholland Shaqaale Katoolik ah
Jill Haberman, Walaalaha St. Francis ee Assisi
Rev. Terrence Moran, Agaasime, Xafiiska Nabada, Cadaalada, iyo Hufnaanta Deegaanka/Walaalaha Samafalka ee Saint Elizabeth
Thomas Nieland, Madaxweyne Emeritus, UUFHCT, Alamo, TX
Henry M. Stoever, la-guddoomiyaha, PeaceWorks Magaalada Kansas
Rosalie Paul, Iskuduwaha, PeaceWorks ee Greater Brunswick, Maine
Ololaha New York ee lagu baabi'inayo Hubka Nukliyeerka (NYCAN)
Craig S. Thompson, Feejignaanta Nabadda ee Aqalka Cad ee ka hortagga Nukliyeerka
Jim Schulman, Madaxweynaha Kumaan saaxiibo ah oo mustaqbalka Virginia ah
Mary Gourdoux, Joogitaanka Nabadda Xuduudka
Alice Sturm Sutter Uptown Progressive Action, Magaalada New York
Donna Gould, Kaca oo iska caabi NY
Anne Craig, Diid Raytheon Asheville
Nancy C. Tate, Xarunta Nabadda ee LEPOCO (Guddiga walaaca Lehigh-Pocono)
Marcia Halligan, Kickapoo Peace Circle
Marie Dennis, Beesha Assisi
Mary Shesgreen, guddoomiyaha, Muwaadiniinta Dooxada Fox ee Nabadda & Cadaaladda
Jean Stevens, agaasime, Bandhiga Filimka Deegaanka Taos
Mari Mennel-Bell, agaasime, JazzSLAM
Diana Bohn, Isuduwaha, Xarunta Nicaragua ee Waxqabadka Bulshada
Nicholas Cantrell, madaxweynaha Green Future Wealth Management
Jane Leatherman Van Praag, Madaxweyne, Wilco Justice Alliance (Williamson County, TX)
Ernes Fuller, gudoomiye ku xigeenka, Muwaadiniinta ka walaacsan Badbaadada SNEC (CCSS)
Dunida waa dalkaygii
Carmen Trotta, Shaqaalaha Catholic
Paul Corell, xidhay barta Hindiya Hadda!
Patricia Had iyo jeer, Isbahaysiga Xaafadaha Galbeedka Valley
Thea Paneth, Arlington United for Justice with Peace
Carol Gilbert, OP, Grand Rapids Dominican Sisters
Susan Entin, Kaniisadda St. Augustine, St. Martin
Maureen Doyle, MA Green Rainbow Party
Lorraine Krofchok, agaasime, Ayeeyooyinka Nabadda Caalamiga ah
Bill Kidd, MSP, Convenor, Baarlamaanka Scottish Cross Party Kooxda Hub ka dhigista Nukliyeerka
Dr David Hutchinson Edgar, gudoomiyaha Ololaha Irish ka dhigista Nukliyeerka / An Feachtas um Dhí-Armáil Núicléach
Marian Pallister, gudoomiye, Pax Christi Scotland
Ranjith S Jayasekera, Madaxweyne kuxigeenka, Sri-Lanka Dhakhaatiirta Nabadda iyo Horumarka
Juan Gomez, Iskuduwaha Chilean, Movimiento Por Un Mundo Sinji Guerras Y Sin Violencia
Darien Castro, Wada-aasaasaha, Wings for Amazon Project
Lynda Forbes, xoghaye, Kooxda Nabadda Hunter Newcastle, Australia
MARHEGANE Godefroid, Iskuduwaha, Comité d'Appui au Développement Rural Endogène (CADRE), Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo
Edwina Hughes, Isuduwaha, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Nabadda Aotearoa
Anselmo Lee, Pax Christi Kuuriya
Gerrarik Ez Eibar (No a la Guerra)
[Sidoo kale 831 qof oo kale ayaa si shaqsi ah u saxiixay warqadda iyadoo waraaqahaas si gaar ah loo diray.]
Xiriirinta warqadaha:
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Jawaabaha 2
Waa maskax jirran oo xiran oo taageerta siyaasadaha hubka nukliyeerka ee Mareykanka. Nabadda oo aan loo dhaqaaqin waxay u socotaa dagaal. Waxaa na haysta niman waalan oo waalan oo u guntaday inay xukunka qabtaan oo doonaya inay naftayada oo dhan halis galiyaan si ay u ilaashadaan damaca maamulka. Sida MLK uu yidhi doorashadu maaha mid u dhexeeya rabshad iyo rabshad la'aan. Doorashadu waxay u dhaxaysaa rabshad la'aan ama jiritaan la'aan. Kaca oo u dhaqma sidii dadka waaweyn.
Mudane Madaxweyne Biden,
Inta lagu jiro waqtiyadan adag, xaqiiqadu waxay kaa dalbanayaan inaad u fiirsato xaalado badan laakiin haddii aan la helin Nabadda adduunka waxaan burburin karnaa adduunka.