Waxaa qoray Edward Hasbrouck
Jimcihii Maxkamadda 9th ee Rafcaannada Rafcaanka ayaa dib u celisay go'aanka Maxkamadda Degmada ee Maraykanka ee Los Angeles oo ka soo horjeesatay cabashada Isbahaysiga Qaranka ee Men Men v. Nidaamka Adeega Xulashada.
Maxkamadda Racfaanku waxay dib u soo celisay cabashada, waxayna kiiska ku wareejisay Maxkamadda Degmada ee Maraykanka si loo tixgeliyo arrimaha kale ee kiiska.
Tallaabada xigta ee habraaca waxay noqon kartaa qoraal kooban oo ku saabsan arrimahan, ama amar jadwal qoraal ah oo foomka Maxkamadda Degmada ah, ama qof ahaan ama taleefan “shirar xaalad ah” oo ka dhaca Los Angeles, midkoodna dhici kara dhowr toddobaad illaa labo bilood.
Natiijada ugu badan ee tan iyo qaar kale oo la mid ah (inkastoo aan ka sii yaraanin) dacwooyinka la sugayo waa maxkamad xukuntay in diiwaangelinta labka ah ee kaliya ee dastuuriga ah. Xukun noocan oo kale ah ayaa soo afjari doona hannaanka diiwaangelinta, marka laga reebo in Congress-yada wax ka beddelaan sharciga
Go'aanka dib loogu soo celinayo kiiskan waxay u egtahay inuu culeys dheeraad ah saari doono Koongaraska si uu u qaado arrinta diiwaangelinta qabyada ah si dhakhso leh. Labada xisbi ee waawayn labaduba waxay ku kala qaybsan yihiin qabyo qoraalka diiwaangelinta: waa "arrin ciriiri ah" oo horeba uga jirtay xisbi kasta iyo sidoo kale suurtagalnimada dhinacyada.
Biilasha loogu talagalay in la kordhiyo diiwaangelinta haweenka ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay labada xisbi (HR 1509) iyo Jamhuuriyeyaash (HR 4478), iyo su'aalaha ku saabsan in haweenka loo baahan yahay in ay is-diiwaangaliyaan ayaa laga codsaday doodaha koowaad ee Dimoqraadiga iyo Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka.
Qaar ka mid ah musharaxiinta Jamhuuriyadda ayaa sheegay in diiwaangelinta loo baahan yahay in la kordhiyo haweenka, kuwa kalena waa in loo hayaa raga kaliya. Xubin ka tirsan Golaha Shirkadda 1994, Bernie Sanders ayaa codsatay in la soo gabagabeeyo diiwaangelinta. Laakiin illaa iyo intii aan awooday inaan go'aan ka gaaro, Bernie Sanders ama Hillary Clinton ma sheegin waxa ay ka qabanayaan qorista qorista, ama soo jeedinayaan in Congress-ka ay sameeyaan, haddii la doorto.
HR 4523, oo ah biil lagu joojinayo diiwaangelinta qabyada ah gebi ahaanba, baabi'inta Nidaamka Adeegga Xulista, iyo baabi'inta Federaalka "Wax-ka-beddelka" ee ku xiraya diiwaangelinta qabyada ah ee kaalmada ardayda ee Federaalka, tababarka shaqada, iyo barnaamijyo kale ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay Golaha koox laba dhinac ah ee kafaala qaadayaasha. Ilaa hadda intaan ogahay, ma jiro murashax Madaxweyne oo ka socda labada xisbi ee waaweyn oo taageeray HR 4523 ama sheegay inay taageeri doonaan joojinta diiwaangelinta qabyada ah. Laakiin biilkani wuxuu matalaa fursada ugufiican in kabadan 20 sano si loo joojiyo diiwaangelinta qabyada ah loona baabi'iyo Nidaamka Adeegga Xulista.
Fadlan taageer HR 4523 si loo dhammeeyo diiwaangelinta qabyada ah iyo baabi'inta Nidaamka Adeegga Xulashada. Fadlan sidoo kale taageerto adkeysiga joogtada ah ee diiwaangelinta dejinta, ragga iyo dumarka, ilaa inta ay sharcigaasi sii ahaanayaan.
Fikrada by 9th Maxkamadda Racfaanka Rafcaanka:
http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/
War-saxaafadeed ka soo baxay Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Ragga:
http://ncfm.org/2016/02/
Tafaasiisha HR 4523:
https://www.congress.gov/bill/
Codsiga taageerida HR 4523:
http://diy.rootsaction.org/
Background:
https://hasbrouck.org/blog/
http://www.resisters.info/#
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