Afar iyo toban sano oo Afqaanistaan ​​ah: Su'aalo isku mid ah

Waxaa qoray Ann Wright.

Bishii Diseembar 2001, wax ka yar shan iyo toban sano ka hor, waxaan ku jiray koox yar oo shan qof ka kooban oo dib u furay Safaaradda Mareykanka ee Kabul, Afghanistan. Hadda shan iyo toban sano ka dib, isla su'aalaha aan weydiinnay ku dhowaad labaatan sano ka hor ayaa la weydiiyay ku lug lahaanshaha Mareykanka ee Afgaanistaan ​​waxaanan helaynaa jawaabo badan oo isku mid ah.  

Su’aaluhu waxay yihiin: maxaynu ugu noolayn Afghanistan shan iyo toban sano oo xaggee baan ka joognaa balaayiin doolarka mareykanka ah ee loo geliyay Afghanistan?  

Jawaabahana waa isla sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya - Mareykanku wuxuu Afghanistan u joogaa inuu ka adkaado Taliban iyo al Qaeda, (iyo hada kooxaha kale ee xagjirka ah) sidaa darteed ma weerari karaan Mareykanka. Muddo shan iyo toban sano ah, militariga ugu horumarsan uguna dhaqaalaha badan adduunka ayaa isku dayay inuu ka adkaado Taalibaan iyo Al Qaacida, iyadoo lagu doodi karo inay yihiin maleeshiyooyinka ugu dhaqaalaha yar uguna qalab yar adduunka, kumana guuleysan. 

Aaway lacagtii? Inbadan ayaa u aaday Dubai guryo iyo guryo ay dagan yihiin hogaamiyaasha Afqaanistaan ​​iyo qandaraaslayaal (Mareykan, Afgaanistaan ​​iyo kuwa kale) oo malaayiin ka dhigay ku lug lahaanshaha Mareykanka ee Afghanistan.

Bishii Febraayo 9, 2017, guddiga dhageysiga howlaha garsoorayaasha golaha Senate-ka ee dhageysanaya Afqanistaan, John Nicholson, oo ah Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Mareykanka ee Afghanistan, ayaa kajawaabay su'aalo labo saacadood dhageysigii Senate-ka ee ku saabsan ku lug lahaanshaha Mareykanka ee Afghanistan. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo gudbiyey labaatan bog qoraal ah oo ku saabsan xaaladda Afghanistan. http://www.armed-services. senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ Nicholson_02-09-17.pdf

Annholson oo ka jawaabeysa su’aasha mid ka mid ah Senator-ka, “Ruushka ma faragalin ayuu ku hayaa Afghanistan ?,” Nicholson ayaa ku jawaabtay: “In kasta oo Ruushka uu leeyahay ka-hortagga mukhaadaraadka ku saabsan Afghanistan iyo welwelka weerarka argagixisanimo ee kooxaha xagjirka ah ee Afghanistan, ilaa 2016 waxaan aaminsanahay in Ruushku uu gacan siinayay Taliban si loo wiiqo howlgalka Mareykanka iyo NATO. Taalibaan waa habka ay kooxaha kale ee xagjirka ahi uga hawlgalaan Afghanistan. Waxaan ka walaacsanahay iskaashiga sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya Ruushka iyo Pakistan oo sii wadaya inay hoy siiso hoggaanka sare ee Taliban. Ruushka iyo Pakistan ayaa dhoolatus milatari oo wadajir ah ku qabtay Pakistan. Anaga iyo xulafadayada Aasiya ee Bartamaha waxaan ka walwalsan nahay ujeedooyinka Ruushka. ”

Nicholson wuxuu yiri "horumarka ayaa laga wadaa howlgalka Mareykanka ee tababarka, la talinta iyo qiimeynta (TAA) ciidamada amaanka Afghanistan." Ma jiro Senator weydiiyey sababta 16 sano ka dib Mareykanku u sii wado inuu sameeyo isla tababarkaas — iyo intee in le’eg ayuu tababarkan noocan ah u socday inuu ku tababaro xoogag ka adkaan kara Taliban iyo kooxaha kale. 

Nicholson wuxuu sheegay in Mareykanka iyo NATO ay balanqaadeen uguyaraan afar sano oo dheeri ah oo Afghanistan ah shirkii NATO ee ka dhacay Warsaw, Poland bishii Luulyo 2016. Shirkii deeq bixiyeyaasha ee ka dhacay Brussels bishii Oktoobar 2016, 75 waddan oo deeq bixiyeyaal ah ayaa ku yaboohay $ 15 bilyan dib u dhiska sii socda. Afghanistan. Mareykanku wuxuu sii wadi doonaa tabarucaadda $ 5 bilyan sanadkiiba illaa 2020. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Qoraalkiisa Nicholson wuxuu intaa ku daray in 30 wadan oo kale ay ku yabooheen in ka badan $ 800M sanadkii si ay u maalgeliyaan Ciidamada Difaaca iyo Amniga Qaranka ee Afghanistan (ANDSF) illaa dhamaadka 2020 iyo in bishii Sebtember, Hindiya ay $ 1B ku dartay $ 2B oo ay horey ugu ballanqaaday Horumarka Afghanistan.

Tan iyo 2002, Koongareeska Mareykanka wuxuu u qoondeeyay in kabadan $ 117 bilyan dib-u-dhiska Afghanistan (tababarka ciidamada amniga Afghanistan, kor u qaadida dowladda Afghanistan, bixinta daryeelka caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada dadka Afghanistan, iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha Afghanistan), kharashka ugu weyn ee dib-u-dhiska wadan kasta taariikhda Mareykanka.  https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Nicholson wuxuu sheegay in 8,448 askarta militariga Mareykanka ee ku sugan Afqanistaan ​​ay hada tahay inay sii joogaan si ay Mareykanka uga difaacaan kooxaha xagjirka ah ee Afghanistan iyo Pakistan halkaasoo ay ku yaalliin 20 ka mid ah 98-ka koox ee argagixisada adduunka loo aqoonsaday. Wuxuu sheegay inuusan jirin wax wada shaqeyn ah oo ka dhaxeysa Daalibaan Afgaanistaan ​​iyo Daacish, laakiin inta badan dagaalyahanada ISIS ay ka yimaadaan / soo maraan Daalibaan Baakistaan.

Sannad ka hor, illaa Maarso 2016, waxaa jiray qiyaastii 28,600 oo shaqaale qandaraaslayaal ah Wasaaradda Difaaca (DOD) ee Afghanistan, marka la barbardhigo 8,730 ciidamada Mareykanka, iyadoo shaqaalaha qandaraasku ay matalayaan qiyaastii 77% wadarta joogitaanka DOD ee waddanka. 28,600 oo kamid ah shaqaalaha qandaraaslayaasha DOD, 9,640 waxay ahaayeen muwaadiniin Mareykan ah qiyaastii 870, ama qiyaastii 3%, waxay ahaayeen qandaraaslayaal amni oo gaar loo leeyahay. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf

Tan iyo markii heerarka ciidamada milatarigu ay sii ahaanayaan sidii sanadkii hore, qof ayaa sharraxaya in tirada qandaraaslayaasha rayidka ahi ay la mid yihiin 2017 wadarta guud ee shaqaalaha militariga Mareykanka iyo qandaraaslayaasha DOD ee Afghanistan.

Tirada ugu badan ee ciidamada Mareykanka ee Afgaanistaan ​​waxay ahayd 99,800 rubucii labaad ee 2011 iyo tirada ugu badan ee qandaraaslayaal millatari waxay ahayd 117,227 oo ay 34,765 ahaayeen muwaadiniin Mareykan ah waxay ku sugnaayeen rubucii labaad ee 2012 tirada guud ee ku saabsan shaqaalaha 200,000 shaqaalaha Mareykanka ee dalka, marka laga reebo shaqaalaha Wasaaradda iyo qandaraasleyaasha.  https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf   Xogta tirada shaqaalaha Wasaaradda iyo qandaraasleyaasha sanadkasta Afghanistan lama heli karo.

Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 2001 ilaa 2015, 1,592 qandaraaslayaal gaar loo leeyahay (qiyaastii 32 boqolkiiba kuwaas oo Mareykan ah) oo ka shaqeynayay qandaraasyada Waaxda Difaaca ayaa sidoo kale lagu dilay Afghanistan. Sanadkii 2016, in kabadan laba jibaar inta qandaraasleyda gaarka loo leeyahay lagu dilay Afghanistan marka loo eego militariga Mareykanka (56 militariga Mareykanka iyo 101 qandaraaslayaal ayaa ladilay).

http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/ 05/29/the-new-unknown- soldiers-of-afghanistan-and- iraq/

Senator McCaskill wuxuu weydiiyay Nicholson su'aalo adag oo ku saabsan sii socoshada musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira dowladda Afghanistan iyo qandaraasleyda maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. Nicholson wuxuu sheegay in shan iyo toban sano kadib, uu rumeysan yahay in Mareykanku ugu dambeyn awood u leeyahay inuu aqoonsado askarta "cirfiid" ee ka tirsan mushaarka militariga isla markaana uu joojiyo lacag bixinta hogaamiyaha militariga ee gudbiyay magacyada. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, Nicholson wuxuu intaas ku daray in sida ku xusan warbixintii ugu dambeysay ee Kormeeraha Guud ee Mareykanka ee la xiriirta musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa goobta qandaraaska lagu sheegay in $ 200 milyan oo lacag dheeraad ah lagu siiyay qandaraasleyaasha qandaraas $ 1 bilyan ah oo loogu talagalay sahayda gaaska ayaa keentay in lagu xukumo hal jeneraal reer Afghanistan ah iyo afar qandaraasle oo laga mamnuucay inay qandaraas ku bixiyaan qandaraas. Lacag bixinta “askarta cirfiidka ah” iyo lacagaha dheeraadka ah ee baatroolka ayaa ah isha ugu weyn ee musuqmaasuqa ee dhawaanahan ka jiray Afghanistan. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Senator kale oo dawladiisa ay halakeeyeen daroogada xad dhaafka ah ayaa waydiiyay, "Dhimashada tirada badan ee Maraykanka ee daroogada xad dhaafka ah ee soo socota ee ka imaanaysa Afghanistan, muxuu US / NATO u baabiin la 'yahay beeraha' opium poppy Afghanistan '? Nicholson ayaa ku jawaabay: “Ma garanayo, mana ahan waajibaadkayaga milatari. Hay'ad kale ayaa sidaas samayn doonta. ”

Nicholson wuxuu sheegay in dadaallada dib-u-heshiisiinta lala sameeyo Taliban iyo kooxaha kale ay gaareen guulo xadidan. Bishii Sebtembar 29, 2016, afar sano oo dagaalyahan ah oo ka soo horjeeda Midowgii Soofiyeeti, xoogag kale oo miliishiyo ah intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye, Taliban iyo US / NATO, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, hogaamiyaha Hezb-e Islami ayaa heshiis nabadeed la saxiixday dowladda Afqanistaan ​​oo oggolaaneysa soo laabashada Maleeshiyaadka 20,000 iyo qoysaskoodaba Afghanistan.  https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/peace-with- hekmatyar-what-does-it-mean- for-battlefield-and-politics/

Nicholson wuxuu sheegay in qaar ka mid ah dagaalyahanada Afgaanistaan ​​ay sii wadaan inay beddelaan isbahaysi ku saleysan kaasoo kooxdu ay bixiso lacagta ugu badan iyo amniga.

Warqad furan https://www.veteransforpeace. org/pressroom/news/2017/01/30/ open-letter-donald-trump-end- us-war-afghanistan si Madaxweyne Trump u soo afjaro dagaalka Afgaanistaan, ururro badan iyo shaqsiyaad ayaa madaxweynaha cusub ee Mareykanka ugu baaqaya inuu soo afjaro dagaalka ugu dheer ee taariikhda dalka:

“Ka dalbashada dhalinyarada iyo ragga Mareykanka ah howlgalka dil ama dhimasha ee la qabtay 15 sano ka hor waa wax badan oo la iska weydiinayo. Filashooyinka inay ku rumeeyaan himiladaasi aad ayey u badan tahay. Xaqiiqdaas ayaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geysato sharaxaadda tan: kan gacan ku dhiiglaha ugu sarreeya ciidamada Mareykanka ee Afghanistan waa ismiidaamin. Dilaaga labaad ee ugu sareeya milatariga Mareykanka waa cagaar midab buluug ah, ama dhalinyarada Afghanistan ee Mareykanku tababarayo waxay hubkooda u weecinayaan tababarayaasheeda! Adiga laftaadu waad garatay tan, oo wuxuu ku yidhi: "Aan ka baxno Afgaanistaan. Ciidankeennu waa la dilay by Afgaanistaan ​​waan tababarnaa, waxaanan laynaynaa balaayiin halkaas ah. Xasaas Dib u dhis Maraykanka. "

Dib u celinta ciidamada Maraykanku waxay sidoo kale u fiicnaan lahaayeen dadka Afqaanistaan, sababta oo ah joogitaanka askarta ajnabiga ah ayaa caqabad ku ah wadahadalka nabadda. Afgaanistaan ​​naftooda waa in ay go'aamiyaan mustaqbalkooda, waxayna awoodi doonaan inay sidaas sameeyaan marka ay dhammaato faragalinta shisheeye.

Waxaan idinka codsaneynaa inaad bogga u rogaan faragalinta millatari ee musiibada ah. Dhammaan ciidammada Mareykanka ka soo kaxaysta Afghanistan. Jooji weerarada cirka ee Mareykanka taas badalkeedna, qayb ka mid ah qarashka, ku caawi Afghanistananka ah cunnada, hoyga, iyo qalabka beeraha. ”

Shan iyo toban sano oo su'aalo isku mid ah iyo jawaabo isku mid ah oo ku saabsan dagaalkii Afgaanistaan. Waa waqtigii dagaalka la joojin lahaa.

Ku saabsan Qoraaga: Ann Wright waxay 29 sano ka soo shaqeysay Ciidanka Mareykanka / keydka ciidamadeed waxayna ka fariisatay Kornayl. Waxay sidoo kale 16 sano diblomaasi Mareykan ah ka soo noqotay Nicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan iyo Mongolia. Waxay iska casishay dowladda Mareykanka bishii Maarso 2003 iyadoo ka soo horjeeday dagaalkii madaxweyne Bush ee Ciraaq. Tan iyo markii ay is casishay, waxay ku laabatay Afghanistan saddex jeer iyo Pakistan hal mar.