Dad ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhigay magaalada Nago, ee ismaamulka Okinawa, iyagoo ka soo horjeeda saldhiga la qorsheeyay ee loo rari doono saldhiga muhiimka ah ee ciidamada Mareykanka ee ku yaala xeebta magaalada Henoko Dec. 3, 2019. Sawirka: Kyodo oo la sii marayo Sawirrada AP
Waxaa qoray Maia Hibbett, Intercept, September 9, 2022
Bill Clinton waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu xidhi doono saldhigga 1996-kii. Laakiin qorshayaasha dhismo badan iyo diiradda la saarayo badda Pacific-ga ayaa jasiiradaha iyo noolaha u gaarka ah halis ugu jira si aan xad lahayn.
HAL GALBEEDKA APRIL magaalada Tokyo, madaxweynaha Mareykanka wuxuu sameeyay ballan qaad soo dhaweyn ah oo uu ku dhimayo joogitaanka ciidankiisa ee Okinawa. Saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidamada Maraykanka ayaa kufsaday gabadh 12 jir ah oo reer Okinawan ah bishii Sebtembar ee la soo dhaafay, dadka deegaanka oo aad uga cadhooday ayaa muddo bilo ah ku mudaaharaadayay shabakada cufan ee saldhigyada Maraykanka ee maamul goboleedka Japan.
"Markii Ra'iisul Wasaaruhu na weydiistay inaan tixgelinno walaaca dadka Okinawa oo aan la kulmay iyaga, taasoo ka dhalatay qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka nasiib-darrada ah ee aad si fiican u garanayso," ayaa sheegay in Madaxweyne Bill Clinton, oo garab taagan Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan Ryutaro Hashimoto, khudbadii Abriil 1996, "Waxay i dhibtay in aan arrimahan la xalin hadda ka hor, ka hor wakhtigan." Maamulkiisu waxa uu ogolaaday in uu xidho Saldhigga Hawada ee Futenma, oo ah saldhigga ugu weyn ee ciidamada Marines-ka ee magaalada Okinawan ee Ginowan oo ay dadku ku badan yihiin, shan ilaa todoba sano gudahood.
Fiidnimada Talaadada ee Washington, 87 Okinawan iyo kooxaha bulshada rayidka ah ee caalamiga ah waxay warqad u diri doonaan Aqalka iyo Guddiyada Adeegyada Qalabka Sida ee Senate-ka, iyagoo ku boorin doona Congress-ka Dimuqraadiga ee hoos yimaada Madaxweyne Joe Biden inuu ugu dambeyntii xiro saldhigga. In ka badan 26 sano ayaa laga joogaa markii Clinton ay ballan qaaday inay si degdeg ah u joojinayso Saldhigga Hawada ee Futenma, dawladaha Japan iyo Maraykankuna waxay ku qaadatay tobannaan sano oo ay riixayeen qorshayaasha deegaanka wax u dhimaya ee dhismaha iyo dhaqaajinta tiirarka goolka si loo dhammaystiro. Sida sannaduhu soo jiitamayaan, waxay u badan tahay waqtiga Xiritaanka Futenma waxa laga riixay qiyaasihii asalka ahaa ee 2001-03 ilaa 2025, ilaa 2035, ilaa 2040, ilaa - sida qorayaasha warqaddu ku doodayaan - run ahaantii, marna.
Sawir ayaa muujinaya Saldhigga Hawada ee Marine Corps Futenma oo ku taal Magaalada Ginowan, Gobolka Okinawa, Jan. 7, 2022. Sawirka: Yomiuri Shimbun oo la sii marayo AP
Inta ay dadka rayidka ah ee Okinawan sugayaan, Futenma weli way furan tahay, ciidamada Marines-ka ee halkaas ku suganna waxay sii wadaan inay si xoog leh u sheegaan joogitaankooda. Agagaarka agagaarka ayaa lagu arkay diyaarad helikobter ah oo militari ah shil ee Okinawa International University iyo qayb ka mid ah ku dhici barxadda Futenma No. 2 dugsiga hoose. Ginowan iyo magaalooyinka kale ee Okinawan ayaa laga helay biyo wasakhaysan oo ka yimid militariga sunta ah xumbo dab-damis iyo dhuumaha shidaalka. Iyo Futenma, in kasta oo xudunta u ah riixitaanka xiritaanka, ay aad uga fog tahay saldhigga kaliya ee Mareykanka ee dhibaatada keenaya: Okinawa, oo leh dhul baaxad leh oo ku saabsan saddex-meelood laba meel baaxadda Rhode Island, waxay leedahay 32 qalab milatari oo Mareykan ah.
Qabashada ayaa ah in xidhidhisku aanu run ahaantii ahayn xidhid; waa guuritaan. Indhaha dawladaha Maraykanka iyo Japan, mashruuca saldhiga cusub, ee loo yaqaan Futenma Replacement Facility, ama FRF, waa in la dhamaystiraa ka hor inta aanu Futenma xidhmin. Si loo dhamaystiro, dawladda Jabaan waa inay daadisaa qashinka qashinka - laga soo xigtay mar-mar-muran goobaha guud ahaan Japan iyo Okinawa - ilaa Henoko-Oura Bay, oo ah aag kala duwanaanshiyaha noolaha oo 26 mayl u jira Futenma. "Marka laga eego dhinaca injineernimada," warqaddu waxay ku doodaysaa, "ma jirto rajo ah in sifadeeda qeexeysa," marinka garoonka diyaaradaha, "weligiis la dhisi doono." Ka dib sahan dhinaca dhulka ah oo ay samaysay dawladda Japan, ayaa sagxada badda kaas oo dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan ayaa ahaa loo arko "jilicsan sida majones."
Waxa saxeexay 52 urur oo ka kala socda Okinawa iyo Japan iyo 35 ka yimid dibadda, oo ay ku jiraan Asia Pacific American Labor Alliance, Center for Biological Diversity, iyo CODEPINK, warqaddu waxay ku soo beegantay xilli ay sii xoogaysanayso xiisadda u dhaxaysa awoodaha reer galbeedka iyo Shiinaha ee ku saabsan madaxbannaanida Taiwan. Maadaama ay u dhowdahay Taiwan, Okinawa - oo saldhigyadeeda milatari ee Maraykanku ay ku jiraan 15 boqolkiiba jasiiradda ugu weyn ee dhulka hadda jira - ayaa loo tixgeliyaa goob istaraatiijiyadeed oo muhiim ah. Dhul balaadhinta si saldhig cusub loo dhigo, waxaa loo malaynayaa, muhiim u ah ka hortagga Shiinaha; in si fudud loo qiyaaso ilaa 31 su'aashu maaha.
"Okinawa aad bay muhiim ugu ahayd taariikhda Taiwan, iyo fikradda nooca xannibaadda ama ka kooban Shiinaha," James Lin, oo ah taariikhyahan Taiwan casriga ah ka jooga Jaamacadda Washington, ayaa u sheegay The Intercept. "Marka waxaan qiyaasayaa in haddii uu jiro nooc kasta oo khilaaf ah in Okinawa ay aad ugu lug yeelan doonto."
Bishii Maarso, dowladda Japan dhawaaqay Okinawa waa "aagga dagaalka" haddii ay dhacdo xaalad degdeg ah oo Taiwan ah.
Bishii hore, Wasiirka Difaaca Japan Nobuo Kishi ayuu u sheegay saxaafadda in shan gantaal oo Shiinuhu tijaabiyey ay ku soo dhaceen "aagga dhaqaalaha gaarka ah" ee Japan markii ugu horreysay abid. Gantaalada, ayaa loo diray jawaab celin muran dhaliyay booqasho Taipei Afhayeenka Aqalka Nancy Pelosi, ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ku degtay biyaha koonfur-galbeed ee Hateruma: mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha Okinawa ee koonfurta ugu xiga, oo ku dhawaad 300 mayl u jirta jasiiradda weyn iyo nus fogaanta Taiwan.
In ka badan hal bil tan iyo markii, Shiinuhu waxa uu sameeyay dhoolatus milatari oo badan wuxuuna ku soo rogay cunaqabatayn dhaqaale Taiwan. buuq diyaarado iyo diyaarado mara hawada Taiwan iyo mamnuucid soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta khudaarta kala duwan, kalluunka, iyo ciidda sida liiska weligood sii kordhaya ee saraakiisha Maraykanku waxay safarro ku tageen jasiiradda.
Liiska dadka kale ee caanka ah waxa ku jira Sens. Ed Markey, D-Mass., iyo Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn.; Xildhibaan John Garamendi, D-Calif.; Don Beyer, D-Va.; Alan Lowenthal, D-Calif.; Aamua Amata Coleman Radewagen, R-Mareykan Samoa; iyo gudoomiyaasha Jamhuuriga Eric Holcomb ee Indiana iyo Doug Ducey ee Arizona. Wufuudda kongareeska ayaa caan ku ah Taiwan, ayuu yiri Lin, in kasta oo booqashadii Pelosi "ay runtii ahayd mid khatar ah oo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay Taiwan, marka loo eego cunaqabateynta dhaqaale, marka la eego tijaabada gantaallada."
"Xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Shiinaha ayaa naga dhigay qaar badan oo naga mid ah Okinawa si aan raaxo lahayn halkan ku noolaanshaha," Hideki Yoshikawa, agaasimaha Mashruuca Cadaaladda Deegaanka ee Okinawa iyo qoraaga hogaamiyaha warqadda, ayaa ku qoray email-ka Intercept. In kasta oo uu isku dayayo in aanu noqon digniin ama aanu xoogga saarin xaaladaha ugu xun, Yoshikawa ayaa yidhi, "waxa ka dhacayay Ukraine ilaa Febraayo sanadkan ayaa hubaal naga dhigay in aan ka fikirno kuwa ugu xun."
DHISMAHA KA DHAXEEYA Japan iyo Okinawa siyaabo badan ayaa barbar socda xiriirka uu Maraykanku la leeyahay Hawaii. Sida jasiiradaha Baasifiga, Okinawa waxaa mar xukumay boqortooyo maxalli ah, oo loo yaqaan kiiska Okinawa sida Boqortooyada Ryukyu. Imperial Japan iyo Shiinaha ayaa ku dhibtooday sidii ay gacanta ugu dhigi lahaayeen Ryukyus, kuwaas oo ka ganacsan jiray labada boqortooyo qarniyo, ilaa Japan ay la wareegtay 1879. Gumeysiga Japan ee guusha leh wuxuu ka dhigay silsiladda jasiiradda oo noqotay Okinawa gobolka ugu da'da yar, oo la mid ah dawlad Maraykan ah. Qaar ka mid ah Ryukyuans hadda waxay abaabulaan u magacaabista dadka asaliga ah - taas oo Qaramada Midoobay ay ku talisay in Japan ay bixiso - laakiin dawladda Japan ayaa wali diidan inay aqoonsato.
Ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, Japan waxay si rasmi ah uga tanaasushay ciidankeeda iyo maamulkeeda koonfureed: Waajibaad cusub oo nabadeed oo dastuurku wuxuu ka mamnuucay inay yeelato ciidan awood u leh dembiga, iyo heshiiskii 1951 ee San Francisco wuxuu dhigay Okinawa hoos yimaada US maamulka madaniga ah. In ka badan 20 sano ka dib, jasiiradaha ayaa dib ugu noqday gacanta Japan, iyadoo shardi ah in Maraykanku uu ku sii wadi karo qabsashada milatari ee shabakad saldhigyo ah - oo loogu talagalay "is-hortaag istiraatiiji ah" oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha iyo joogsiga ilaalinta Japan. Hadda, iyada oo xiisaduhu ka sii xumaanayaan Taiwan, Okinawa waxay u taagan tahay inay ku dhammaato isgoysyada.
"Haddii iskahorimaadka millatari ee u dhexeeya labada quwadood ee waaweyn (Mareykanka iyo Shiinaha), oo ay Japan ku lug leedahay, uu noqdo mid dhab ah, ha ahaato qorshe ama shil, waxaan filayaa,, gantaalaha ayaa ka duuli doona Shiinaha (ama maraakiibteeda dagaalka iyo diyaaradaheeda) si ay u garaacaan Maraykanka. saldhigyada iyo saldhigyada Ciidamada Is-difaaca ee Japan ee Okinawa,” Yoshikawa ayaa u sheegay The Intercept.
Maraykanku waxa uu ciidamadiisa ku garaacay Okinawa iyada oo ay jirto dhacdo hore oo cadaadis sare oo ku saabsan Taiwan: Intii lagu jiray Xiisadda marin biyoodka Taiwan saddexaad, maamulka Clinton ayaa amar ku siiyay raxan maraakiib dagaal oo Maraykan ah in ay ka shiraacdaan Okinawa iyaga oo sii mara marinka cidhiidhiga ah iyaga oo ka jawaabaya tijaabooyin isdaba joog ah oo uu Shiinuhu sameeyay. Waxay dhacaysay intii u dhaxaysay 1995 iyo 1996 - iyada oo ugu sarraysa wax yar ka hor xidhitaanka saldhigga Futenma ee la ballanqaaday - waxay ahayd amaanay oo ah "bandhiggii ugu weynaa ee awoodda militariga Mareykanka ee Aasiya tan iyo dagaalkii Vietnam" oo ay qortay BBC.
Bishii hore, iyada oo la raacayo safarrada kala duwan ee Congress-ka Maraykanka iyo natiijada ka soo baxday Shiinaha ee cudud, laba markab oo ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka ayaa mar kale. shiraacday iyada oo loo marayo marin biyoodka Taiwan. Hagardaamooyinkii Xarunta Istiraatiijiyadda iyo Cilmi-baarista Caalamiga ah waxay leeyihiin lagu tilmaamay xaaladda hadda jirta "Dhibaatada Afraad ee Gacanka Taiwan."
Sawir anteeno ah ayaa muujinaya shaqada qashin-qubka ee aagga xeebta ee Henoko ee Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, Disembar 10, 2021. Henoko ayaa loo doortay inay noqoto goobta loo rarayo Saldhigga Hawada Mareykanka ee Futenma. Sawirka: Yomiuri Shimbun oo la sii marayo AP
“Dowladda Jabbaan waxay xoojinaysaa dadaalkeeda ku aaddan qaabaynta mashruuca FRF ee sheekada ka hortagga khataraha ka imanaya dalalka deriska ah," Yoshikawa iyo la- saxiixayaashiisa ayaa warqaddooda ku qoraya. Laakiin "iyadoo kor loo qaadayo wacyigelinta arrimaha sagxadda badda ee jilicsan iyo suurtagalnimada dhismaha FRF ee su'aasha culus, doodaha dawladda ee ku saabsan ka hortagga iyo istaraatiijiyada waa kuwo aan lagu qanci karin."
Soo jeedinta asalka ah ee xarunta ayaa looga baahnaan lahaa dowladda inay buuxiso gacanka - guriga in ka badan 5,000 oo nooc oo biyo ah, oo ay ku jiraan Okinawa dugong oo aad u dabar go'aya, degaannada buluugga ah ee dhifka ah, iyo daraasiin noocyo cusub oo qolof ah. helay 2009 oo keliya - oo wasakh leh. Soo jeedinta hadda waxay u baahan tahay waxa loogu yeero shaqada xoojinta dhulka, ama wadista tiirarka ciidda is haysta ee sagxadda badda si ay u xoojiso joogteynta slushy iyo taageerada saldhigga.
"In kasta oo shaqada xoojinta sagxadda badda ay tahay dib u eegis weyn oo lagu sameeyay qorshihii asalka ahaa, Xafiiska Difaaca Okinawa si ku filan dib uma qiimeynin badbaadada iyo suurtagalnimada dhismaha saldhigga," warqadda ayaa sheegaysa. Natiijo ahaan, Denny Tamaki, gudoomiyaha ismaamulka Okinawa - oo wajahaya tartan dib u doorashada si weyn diiradda loo saaray Arrinta saldhiga ee Sebtembar 11 - ayaa si isdaba joog ah u diiday codsiyada oggolaanshaha oggolaanshaha dhismaha saldhigga. Dawladda Japan ayaa marar badan ku celisay.
Warqadda ayaa sidoo kale ka codsanaysa dawladda Maraykanka inay ku qasbaan Wasaaradda Difaaca inay shaaciso goorta, sida saxda ah, ay ka war heshay arrinta sagxadda badda oo ay soo saarto warbixinteeda. Dowladda Japan ma aqoonsan dhibaatada ilaa 2019, in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in sahan juquraafi Japan laga helay 2015. Markii sahamiyeyaashu tijaabiyeen xoogga looga baahan yahay in ay ku kaxeeyaan barafka badda dhexdeeda, waxay ogaadeen "in halkii ciidda lagu dhex ridi lahaa dubbe, baaritaanka barar culeeskeeda lafteeda ayay u degtay.
Xarunta Istaraatiijiyadda iyo Daraasaadka Caalamiga ah, oo guud ahaan caan ku ah garaacista durbaanka dagaalka oo aan ku boorin xakamaynta, Mark Cancian wuxuu qoray 2020 ee mashruuca FRF: "Waxay u muuqataa wax aan macquul ahayn in [dhismaha saldhigga] waligiis la dhammeeyo."
Racfaanka Guddiga Adeegga Qalabka Sida rabitaanka loo maleynayo in lagu xoojiyo istaraatiijiyadda militariga Mareykanka, warqaddu waxay ogaatay inay tahay "wax laga xumaado in biilka la soo jeediyay Juun 2020 ee Guddi-hoosaadka Diyaargarowga ee Guddiga Adeegyada Qalabka ee Aqalka, kaasoo codsan doona DoD inuu barto arrimaha jilicsan ee badda, laguma aqbalin Sharciga Ogolaanshaha Difaaca Qaranka ee 2021." Waqtigaas, Tamaki lahaa dhawaan la kulmay oo leh sharci-dejiyeyaasha Washington, iyo nooca Guddi-hoosaadka Diyaargarowga ee NDAA ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ku qasbi lahayd Waaxda Difaaca inay daraasad ku sameyso sagxada badda labadaba si ay u jilicsanaato iyo jiritaanka khadadka cilladaha dhulgariirka. Laakiin waligeed kama soo muuqan NDAA kama dambaysta ah. Xafiiska Rep. John Garamendi, Guddoomiyaha guddi-hoosaadka Diyaargarowga, kama jawaabin codsigii Intercept ee faallooyinka.
Yoshikawa waxa ay rajaynaysaa in, iyada oo loo malaynayo in ilaalinta deegaanku aanay ku filnayn, karti-darrada baaxadda leh ee mashruuca FRF ay u oggolaan doonto sharci-dajiyayaasha Mareykanka in ay arkaan in faa'iidooyinkeeda istaraatiijiyadeed ay tahay mid rajo weyn laga qabo.
"Sida cad, dhisidda saldhig kale oo weyn oo Maraykan ah oo ku yaal Okinawa ma yara, laakiin waxay kordhisaa, suurtagalnimada weerar," warqaddu waxay ku doodaysaa qoraalladeeda gunaanadka.
Yoshikawa wuxuu tilmaamay in qodobbada Axdiga Geneva, oo raadinaya in lagu ilaaliyo dadka rayidka ah iyada oo ay jiraan iskahorimaadyo milatari, ay caddaynayaan waxtar la'aan Okinawa: U dhawaanshaha jireed ee u dhexeeya saldhigyada iyo bulshada rayidka ah waxay ka dhigi doontaa ilaalinta heshiiska mid adag, haddii aysan suurtagal ahayn, si loo dhaqan geliyo.
"Waxaa naloo isticmaali lahaa sida gaashaanka bini'aadamka ee saldhigyada milatariga, ma aha si kale," Yoshikawa ayaa yidhi. "Ma doonayno in nala isticmaalo, mana doonayno in baddeenna, kaymahayaga, dhulkeenna iyo cirkeenna loo adeegsado colaadaha dawlad-goboleedyada."
