NaJosefa Essertier, March 4, 2008, kubva Zoom muKorea.
Mangwanani-ngwanani, musi weChishanu, February 23, vaviri vekuGermany vaStatranationalist, Katsurada Satoshi (56) naKawamura Yoshinori (46), vakatungamira vakuru vakuru veGeneral Association of Korean Residents muTokyo ndokupfura mukati maro neine handgun. Katsurada akaita gumbo racho, uye Kawamura akauraya. Nenzira yakanaka, mabhudzi akarova suo, uye hapana akakuvadzwa.
Kana mumwe munhu akakuvadzwa kana kuurayiwa, vangangodaro vaiva nhengo dzeChishanu, vazhinji vavo vane vashandi vepasipoti, kunze kwepapepa, munhu anogona kutaura kuti ichi chaiva chiitiko chenyika yose. Sangano rinodanwa Chongryon in Korean. Inogamuchira rubatsiro rwemari kubva kuhurumende yeNorth Korea, uye sehurumende, inokurudzira zvinodiwa nehurumende uye yeNorth Korea. Asi inoshandawo senzvimbo yekuunganidza vanhu veKorea, vose vari kumaodzanyemba nekuSouth, kutaura, kuvaka shamwari, kuenzanisa manotsi, kubatanidza kubatana, nekuchengetedza tsika dzavo. Hafu chete yevamiriri vemuNorth Korean vashandi vesipoti. Iyo imwe hafu ine yeSouth Korea kana yeJapasipoti yepasipoti.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu akakuvadzwa mumuviri, hapana mubvunzo kuti dzimwe nhengo uye vasiri nhengo dzeKorea yose muJapan uye kumativi ose enyika zvakakanganiswa pamanzwiro kana mupfungwa. Funga nguva. Zvakaitika vhiki imwe isati yaMarch 1st, zuva iro, makore 99 apfuura, maKorea akatanga kurwisana nehurumende kubva muUmambo hweJapan. Ihondo yakaoma yekusunungura kubva kune dzimwe nyika kutonga yakatanga musi iwoyo mu1919 uye inoenderera nhasi. Zuva rekupfura, iyo 23rd yaFebruary, yaivawo panguva yePyeongchang Olympic uye yeOlympic Truce paKorea Peninsula apo Washington neSeoul vakamisa "mauto" ehondo (kureva, mitambo yehondo) yakagadzirirwa kutyisidzira hurumende nevanhu Mawodzanyemba Koriya. Yaiva panguva apo vanhu vakapoteredza nyika vakabatana neKorea kuti vafare kune vatambi vanobva kumaodzanyemba nekuSouth Korea uye chiedza chechiedza chakapinda muhupenyu hweKorea nevamwewo muNortheast Asia-ray rekupa chiedza kupa tariro kuvanhu vanoda rudo pasi pose kuti rimwe zuva, zvichida kunyange gore rino, rugare paPeninsula inogona kuwanikwa.
Kutengesa-nekutengesa kwemagandanga pachivako ichi kunomutsa chirevo chekuita zvechisimba munguva yemberi uye kurasikirwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva veKorea - upenyu hwevanhu vechiKorea vari kure neKorea, vamwe vavo vari tsika dzechiJapan uye vabereki vavo vakaberekerwa uye vakakurira muJapan. Kurwiswa kwekutyisa uku kwaiva-kudura pfuti panzvimbo yevanhu vasina kuchengetedza vanhu vakaungana panzvimbo yevanhu vanochengeta mutemo kubva kumapoka mashomanana, avo zvikurukuru vana vevanhu vakarongerwa neUsia Japan. Izvozvi zvose zviri mupfungwa-zviri pachena kuti kupotera kwakarongedza kukanganisa runyararo rwekuKorea nevanhu vanoda rugare munyika yose vari kushuva uye vachirwisana-zvinosuruvarisa chaizvo kuti mharidzo yemitambo, mumutauro weChirungu neJapan, pamusoro pechinhu ichi chinokosha chave chiri zvishoma nezvishoma kuuya uye zvishoma muhuwandu.
Mazana emakumi ezviuru zveKorea Akauya Kurarama muJapan
Vagari vokuKorea vokuJapan vanowanzotaurwa nezvayo Zainichi Kankoku Chosenjin muchiJapan, kana Zainichi kwenguva pfupi, uye muchiChirungu dzimwe nguva vanonzi "Zainichi Koreans." Kuongororwa kwakachengetedza kwenhamba yose yeZainichi Koreans mu2016 yaiva 330,537 (299,488 South Koreans uye 31,049 dzisina chiKorea). Pakati pe1952 ne2016, 365,530 Korea yakawana hukama hwekuJapan, zvichida kuburikidza nekuzvarwa kana jus sanguinis kana "kodzero yeropa," kureva, kuburikidza nekuva nemubereki mumwechete-mutemo wechiJapane. Vangave vane Japanese, South Korean, kana North North ivo vagari venyika, kana kuti ivo vasiri pasi, nhamba yose yeKorea inogara muJapan inenge ye700,000.
Nharaunda yeZainichi yeKorea nhasi ingadai isingambofungidziki kunze kwechisimba cheMambo weJapan (1868-1947). Japan rakabata kutonga kweKorea kubva kuChina muHondo yekutanga Sino-Japanese (1894-95). Mu 1910 yakazara neKorea. Pakupedzisira yakashandura nyika ikava ikoni kubva kwairi yakawana pfuma yakawanda. VaKorea vazhinji vakauya kuJapan zvakananga semugumisiro wehutongi hweMambo hweKorea; vamwe vakauya sechikonzero chisina kujeka chaicho. Imwe nhamba inokosha pakutanga yakabva pakuzvidira kwayo yekuzadzisa chikwata cheJapan nokukurumidza-kubhadhara mari yekushandira, asi mushure meNhoroondo yeManchurian ye1931, nhamba zhinji dzeKorea dzakamanikidzwa kushanda muJapan sevashandi vakanyora mukugadzira, kuvaka, uye migodi. (Ona Youngmi Lim's "Meso maviri Ezvokuvenga Korean Campaign muJapan")
Panguva yekukundwa kweMambo mu1945, paive nemamiriyoni maviri eKorea muJapan. Vakawanda veavo vakange vakamanikidzwa kushanda muJapan uye nenzira imwe neimwe vakakwanisa kupona dambudziko racho vakadzokera kuKorea, asi vanhu ve600,000 vakasarudza kugara. Pasina mhosva yevako pachavo, nyika yekwavo yakange iri mune chisarudzo, chisina kugadzikana, uye maitiro ehondo yakagadzikana yevanhu vemo yakaonekwa. Mugore iroro, 1945, chikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheKorea Peninsula chaive pasi pebasa reuto reUnited States, uye kuchamhembe kwakatongwa na Kim Il-sung (1912-1994), mumwe wevakuru vakuru vakange vatungamirira kushorwa kweJapan varimi muhondo yakasimba yehondo guerrilla pamusoro pemakore anoda kusvika 15.
Vatongi vechiJapane vakavhura hurumende yavo yekuManchukuo muManchuria munaMarch 1st, 1932-vachiziva zvizere zvinoreva March 1st kuneKorea uye zvirokwazvo pasinei. Panguva iyoyo, sangano rekuzvimirira rainzi "March 1st Movement" (Sam-il in Korean. "Sam" zvinoreva "zvitatu" uye "il" zvinoreva "imwe." San-ichi muchiJapan). Zuva iri rakabviswa kakawanda munhoroondo. Semuenzaniso, Prime Minister weJapan Shinzo Abe akasarudza March 1st, 2007 kuti aite zvinonyadzisa uye benzi rake kuti hakuna "uchapupu" hwekuti vakadzi veKorea vakanga "vakamanikidzwa" kunyorerwa se "kunyaradza vakadzi," kureva, varanda vepabonde vehondo dzeJapan panguva yeHondo. (Ona Chitsauko 2 yeBruce Cumings ' Hondo yeKorea: A History).
Kungofanana nekuramba kweFrance (kureva., "La Resistance") yaive kurwisa kutora kweNazi Germany kutora France nevabatsiri vayo, kuramba kweKorea kwaive kurwisa maJapan makoloni nevabatsiri vayo. Asi nepo kuramba kweFrance kuchipembererwa kuMadokero, kurwisa kweKorea hakuna hanya
Mumakore ekushanda kweSouth pasi pehurumende yeUnited States Army Military muKorea (USAMGIK, 1945 - 1948), hurumende itsva iri kuchamhembe yakabatsirwa zvikuru pakati peKorea munyika yose sezvo yakatungamirirwa nevashandi vaivimbisa zvakanaka uye ramamangwana revanhu mune boka risingaverengeki, rakasiyana. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakatsigirwa neSoviet Union naJoseph Stalin (1878-1953), mutongi ane utsinye. IAmerica yakanga iri muJapan uye South Korea, asi Japan chete yakasunungurwa. Chimwe chibvumirano chechibvumirano chakabvumirwa kutora midzi ipapo. MuSouth Korea, kune rumwe rutivi, veUnited States vakavaka mudzvinyiriri Syngman Rhee uye vakava nechokwadi chokuti akakunda hurumende kuburikidza nesarudzo dzakasungwa mu1948. Aive akakurumbira pakati pevamwe vevakuru vevanhu vakuru, avo vakawanda vaive vakabatana neUmambo hweJapan, asi aivengwa uye akaparadzirwa nevakawanda veKorea. (Munyaya yeJapan, mutongi wenyika haina kudzorerwa kumaoko eJapan kusvika ku1952, asi izvi hazvisi zvekusununguka.Hurumende itsva yeJapan yaifanira kuvhara mapiritsi ane shungu.Vakatofanira kubvumirana ne "rugare rwakasiyana" Washington yakasimuka, "rugare" umo maJapan akadziviswa kusaina zvibvumirano zvine rugare neSouth Korea neChina. Japan haina kukwanisa kugadzirisa ukama neSouth Korea kusvikira 1965.)
IU.S. yakavhara runyararo pakati peSouth Korea neJapan, yakatungamirira hondo pakutsigira udzvinyiriri hwemhirizhonga muSouth Korea, uye yakaramba ichidzorera hutatu hwekudzvinyirira kwemakumi emakumi mashomanana kusvikira South Korea dzakatorazve kutonga nyika kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwevanhu. South Korea yakave ichitungamirirwa neWashington kwemakore 73 ikozvino, uye kutonga kune dzimwe nyika kwakadzivisa rugare paKorea Peninsula. Nokudaro munhu anokwanisa kutaura kuti Zainichi Koreans muJapan nhasi mazuva ano zvikuru ndivo vakaurayiwa nezana remakore rezana rekuJapan nehurumende uye makore 73 ekutonga kweAmerica. Dzimwe nguva kutonga kwave kwakanyanya, uye dzimwe nguva yakange iri shure-iyo-zvivara, asi yakagara iripo, ichidzivirira kugadziriswa kwehondo yehurumende. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chimwe chete chinoita kuti vokuAmerica vafarire kufara kweZaichiichi Koreans.
Chirangaridzo cheMarch 1 Movement
Musi woMugovera, February 24, muTokyo, ndakapinda chiitiko chemasikati manheru pakurangarira kweChnUMXth chiitiko cheMarch 99st Movement. Paiva nehurukuro mbiri - imwe neve mutori wenhau uye imwe neSouth Korean anti-war activist - pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu muSouth Korea nhasi. (Mashoko pamusoro pechiitiko ichi chiripo pano muchiJapan).
Muimba inogara 150, pane 200 vanhu varipo. Handa Shigeru, mutori wenhau weJapan uyo akanyora mabhuku akawanda muJapane pamusoro pekugadziriswa kweJapane, kusanganisira rimwe rine musoro IJapan Ichashanda Hondo Here? Kodzero yekudzivirira kuzvidzivirira uye kudzivirira mauto (Nihon wa senso wo suru no ka: shudanteki jiei ken ku jieitai, Iwanami, 2014) yakatanga kutanga. Hurukuro yake inonyanya kukosha iyo hurumende yeJapan yakagadzira hondo ine simba mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, yakakwana nemauto ekupedzisira-tech, kusanganisira ndege dzeAWACS, F2s, ndege yeAsprey tilt-rotor, uye M35 cargo lori. Aya ndiwo marudzi ezvombo zvinokanganisa zvinogona kushandiswa kurwisa dzimwe nyika. Japan ichakurumidza kuva, maererano naHanda Handa, ndege huru uye vasere vaAegis vaparadzi. Izvo zvinopfuura Aegis vaparidzi kupfuura dzimwe nyika kunze kweAmerica.
IJapan ine Patriot PAC-3 air defense missile systems, asi Handa akatsanangura kuti izvi zvisingagoni kuchengetedza zvakakwana Japan kuhondo dzisina kupinda sezvo dzakangoiswa munzvimbo dze 14 muJapan uye imwe yega inotakurwa nemisasa ye16. Kamwe iyo zvombo zvichishandiswa zvakasimudzwa, hapana nzvimbo dzakachengeteka munzvimbo iyoyo. Akatsanangura kuti North Korea yakagadzira nukes chete nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa, zvichienderana nedzidziso ye MAD (mutual assured destruction) -kufunga kuti kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya nehurumende inorwisa kungaita kuti kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwehurumende inorwisa uye kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu-mune mamwe mazwi, "iwe unogona kundiuraya, asi kana ukadaro, iwe uchafa, zvakare" kusvika.
Imwe hurukuro yakapiwa neSouth Korea, mumiririri, Han Chung-mok. Anotora kubva kuKorea Alliance of Progressive Movements (KAPM), sangano rekuChina riri ku South Korea, kusanganisira vashandi, varimi, vakadzi, uye vadzidzi, avo vave vachitsvaka rugare paKorea Peninsula.
KAPM inodaidzira kupera kwakazara kwese kwekutyisidzira kwemauto ekudzidzira kudzikisira kusagadzikana paPeninsula uye vanotsigira US-North Korea pamwe neNorth-South hurukuro.
Han akarondedzera kukosha kwei Kenduru Revolution izvo zvakatungamirira pakubviswa kwemuongorori asina kufarira gore rakapfuura. Mu mashoko weMuongorori weKorea Korea Moon Jae-in, "mwedzi yakareba-mikuru yakawanda yakapindira mune vamwe vanhu vane mamiriyoni e17 vasina kuita zvechisimba kana kusungwa kubva pakutanga kusvikira pakupedzisira." Icho chikamu chechitatu chevanhu veSouth Korea . I "MaOlympic Peace" inoitika iye zvino haigone kuwanikwa kunze kwokubviswa kwePark Geun-hye, mune maonero aHan.
Han akasimbisa kuti North Korea ndiyo nyika duku-ine vanhu vakawanda vanenge 25 vanhu-asi yakakombwa nenyika huru dzine masimba ane simba. (Mukutaura kwemari yekudzivirira, China ndiyo Number 2, Russia ndiyo Nhamba 3, Japan ndiyo Nhamba 8, uye South Korea ndiyo Nhamba 10 munyika. Achave Mukuru Mukuru Mutungamiri Wekutonga Mutongi Mukuru Wepasi Pose muChirungu.) Kunyange zvazvo North Korea yakawana nukes nokuda kwezvayo pachayo kuchengetedza, izvi zvakagadzirwa zvakatungamirira kutyisidzira, zvechokwadi, mukana wekurwisa kweAmerica.
Han akatsanangura izvo zvaakadana kuti "Peace Olympics." Akatsigira nguva apo misodzi yakazara mumaziso aKim Yong Nam, mutungamiri wemakore ane zana anonzi 90 weNorth Korea nomugumo wehurumende yenyika, uye simba rakaipa raive naro kuKorea.
Akati vanhu vazhinji vanobva kuNorth Korea vakanga vachiimba uye vaiva nemisodzi mumeso avo vachiri kurira pamusoro sangano revakadzi rekubatana rehockey. Zviuru zvishoma zvinoda runyararo vekuSouth Korea nevanhu vanobva kumativi ese epasi vakaungana muchivako padhuze nenhandare, vakambundirana uye vachifararira pavakaona mutambo kuburikidza nehupenyu hwevideo feed.
Han akataura kuti iyo Candlelight Revolution yakaburitsa nguva yakakosha munhoroondo iyo "mwenje yemwenje" inofanirwa kufungisisa. Mumwe wemibvunzo mikuru ndeyekuti ungakunde sei yakavanzika koloni neUnited States. MaSouth Koreans nemaJapan, akadaro, vanofanirwa kufunga nezverudzii rwenzira yavanoda kutora: kunamira neAmerica kana kutora imwe, nzira nyowani. Kubva pahuwandu hwevanhu vakavhunduka kana kuseka mazwi aVaHan asati adudzirwa muchiJapan, ndinofungidzira kuti vateereri vaive vangangoita gumi kana makumi maviri muzana emitauro miviri Zainichi Koreans, asi vazhinji vacho vaitaridzika kunge vaitaura mitauro yechiJapan, vazhinji kana vazhinji vanogona kuve neKorea yemadzitateguru kana tsika yetsika.
VaSouth Korean vanoita zvematongerwo enyika vari kuronga zuva guru rekuratidzira runyararo musi we15th yaAugust, zuva iro Korea yakasunungurwa kubva kutongi hwechiJapan mu1945. (March 1st gore rinotevera richava chirangaridzo chezana remakore cheMarch 1st Movement).
Han akavharwa nokuti, "Rugare rweKorea ndiko rugare rweEast Asia. ChiJapan democracy ichabatanidza pamwe nekufambisa runyararo muKorea. Ndinotarisira kusangana pamwe chete. "
Mutambo weChitus 1st waivawo rinoyeukwa nehurumende yeSouth Korean kokutanga kuSeodaemun Prison History Hall muSeoul. Musi waMarch kutanga, 1919, boka revaKorea vashanduri vakaparidzira pachena rusununguko rwehurumende - kwete zvakasiyana neAmerican Declaration of Independence. Mumwedzi inotevera mushure mokuzivisa, mumwe wevane gumi vokuKorea akabatanidzwa mune a runyararo rwezvakaitwa zvisiri zvechisimba vachipikisana neJapan nechisimba nekoloni.
Pakuyeuchidza, Mutungamiri Mwedzi akazivisa nyaya yehutano hwekuita zvepabonde dzevakadzi vekuKorea "kwete kupfuura," inopesana nevakatangira Park Geun-hye raDecember 2015 chibvumirano pamwe neTokyo kuti "pakupedzisira uye kusinganzwisisiki" kugadzirisa nyaya yacho. Chibvumirano ichocho chakaitwa kunze kwechirongwa chevaya vakaurayiwa nehutapwa hweJapan muSouth Korea uye vachipesana nezvido zvehuwandu hwevanhu. Umambo hweJapan hwakave varanda vechiuru makumi ezviuru zvevakadzi veKorea uye vazhinji sevakadzi ve400,000 muMambo yose mu "nzvimbo dzekutenderera," apo vakambodhirwa zvekare zuva rimwe nerimwe nemauto. (Ona bhuku raKiu Peipei Chinese Comfort Women: Uchapupu hunobva kuImperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford UP)
March 18 Emergency Action muTokyo
Kufanana nezviito zvizhinji zvinokurudzira rugare muUnited States munguva yevhiki March 15-22, kuchava nehutano hwe "dambudziko" muTokyo neSvondo, March 18 pa 2 PM pamberi peAmerican Embassy. Inonzi "An Emergency Action Yokurwisana Nesungano Yedu Yese-South South Korea," yakarongeka kuratidza kushorwa ne:
- IU-South Korea yehondo mitambo yePeninsula
- Mitambo yemuAmerica-Japan, yakadai seyo amphibious landing Exercise kubva kuSouth California gungwa musi waFebruary 7 uye Cope North kurovedza muviri izvo zvakatanga musi waFebruary 14 muGuam
- Chero mitambo yehondo iyo iri kugadzirira kuuya kweNorth Korea;
- Icho chivako chitsva chokuvaka muHenoko, Okinawa;
- Kuwedzera kweAbe ye "Self-defense Forces" yeJapan kuburikidza nokutaura nezve "ngozi" kubva kuNorth Korea; and
- Japan, US, uye South Korea zvigadziriswa uye "kukurira kukuru" kuNorth Korea.
Chiito ichocho chichadaidza zvakare:
- Taura hurukuro pakati peAmerica neNorth Korea;
- Kuiswa kwechibvumirano chorugare kupedza Hondo yeKorea;
- North-South hurukuro uye kuzvimiririra uye rugare rwezvekubatana; and
- Kuita hukama hwehukama pakati peTokyo nePyongyang.
Boka rinoronga rinodana "Beikan godo gunji enshu hantai 3.18 kinkyu kodo jikko iinkai" (The Executive Committee for Emergency Action musi waMarch 18th neChipatara cheSouth Korea-South Korea Kudzidzira Mauto). Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, onai pano (muchiJapan).
Kutonga Kwechokwadi Kunoshandiswa Here?
Kunyange zvazvo pasina munhu akakuvara mumuviri nekuda kwekupfuura kwaFebruary 23 kuChinyryon, iyo chiitiko panguva ino muUnited States-North Korea - apo runyararo paPeninsula rungangosvika pakona uye pakati pe "Peace Olympics" "Pamwe nevhiki vasati vayeuchidzwa neMarch 1st Movement - inotyisidzira kurwisana nevakawanda, rugare rweZinichi Koreans, vanotarisana nekusarurwa kwakanyanya muJapan. Icho chinotyisawo zvechisimba pamusoro peKorea kwose kwose. Nenzira iyo, haisi kureva kuwedzeredza kudana kuti "chigandanga" chiito. Izvozvo zvinofanira kunge zvakakonzera kutya mumoyo yevanhu vazhinji, kunyange vazhinji veJapane, vanogara munyika umo kuputika kunonyanya kushoma.
Kuti mapurisa eJapan anotonga sei chiitiko ichi achava nemigumisiro yeramangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu muJapan uye hukama hwepasi pose muNortheast Asia. Vachaita zviratidzo zvenhema zvekururamisira here pavanenge vachimhanya pavangwarira vachifunga kutyisidzira Zainichi Koreans mukunyarara mukunyarara? Kana kuti vachapa ruramisiro yechokwadi, kutsvaga zvido zvevarume ava, kuratidzira zvirongwa zvavo zvechisimba, nekukurukura shoko kune nyika kuti sangano reJapane rinogamuchira runyararo runyararo rwemhuri uye kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzevashoma dzicharemekedzwa? Ngatiregei kumirira mhinduro yacho mberi kweterevhizheni nemakombiyuta asi panzvimbo pedu tinovaka kumanikidzwa kwenyika kudzvinyirira kwakadaro kuitira kuti magandanga emangwana achazofunga kaviri pamusoro pekushandisa kurwisana nemauto kuti vadzivirire vanhu vanoita rugare kuti vaite rugare.
Tinotenda zvikuru kuna Stephen Brivati nekuda kwemashoko, mazano, nekugadzirisa.
Joseph Essertier ari purofesa wehukama paNagoya Institute of Technology uyo akatsvakurudza mabhuku echiJapan uye nhoroondo. Kwemakore akawanda ave achibvumirana nemasangano ehutano eJapan uye mukunyora kwake achangobva kuisa pfungwa kune zvakadaro masangano 'uye kudiwa kwekubatana kwenyika yose pakugadzirisa East Asia kukakavadzana kwenyika.
