NeLawrence S. Wittner, September 18, 2017
Ko nyika yakabata mwoyo nemafungiro evanhu venyika?
Ichokwadi inoratidzika kunge yakabuda sesimba rine simba mumakore apfuura. Kuhwamanda kwavo kunofungidzirwa kukwirira kwenyika uye ruvengo rwevatorwa, mapato ezvematongerwe enyika ari kure nechokurudyi vakaita kufambira mberi kwavo kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuma1930. Mushure mekubudirira kwekurudyi kwekurudyi, muna Chikumi 2016, mukuita kuti vazhinji vavhoti veBritish vabvumire Brexit - Kubuda kweBritain kubva kuEuropean Union (EU) kunyangwe mapato makuru anochengetedza akatanga kutora nzira yechauvinist. Achishandisa musangano wake weConservative Party kuunganidza rutsigiro rwekubva muEU, Britain Prime Minister Theresa May akazivisa vachifungisisa: "Kana iwe uchida kuti iwe uri mugari wenyika, iwe uri mugari weruzhinji."
Kurerekera kurudzi rwechisimba kwainyanya kuoneka muUnited States, uko Donald Trump - pakati penziyo dze "USA, USA" kubva kuvatsigiri vake vakasimba ― akavimbisa "kuita America huru zvakare" nekuvaka rusvingo rwekuvhara maMexico, vachidzivisa kupinda yevaMuslim kuenda kuUnited States, uye kuwedzera simba remauto eUS. Kutevera kushamisika kwake kukunda sarudzo, Trump akaudza rally muna Zvita 2016: “Hakuna rwiyo rwepasi rose. Hapana mari yepasirese. Hapana chitupa chekuva mugari wepasi rese. Tinovimbisa kuvimbika kumureza mumwe uye mureza iwoyo mureza weAmerica. ” Mushure mekufarisisa kubva kuvanhu, akawedzera kuti: "Kubva zvino ichave iri: America Kutanga. Zvakanaka? America kutanga. Tiri kuzviisa pakutanga isu. ”
Asi vemunyika vakatambura nekudzokera shure kukuru muna 2017. Musarudzo dzakaitwa munaKurume muNetherlands, bato reruvengo rwevekusununguka, kunyangwe rakapihwa mukana mukukunda nevanoziva nezvematongerwo enyika. rakakundwa. Zvakawanda zvakafanana zvakaitika muFrance, uko, muna Chivabvu, mutsva wezvematongerwo enyika, Emmanuel Macron, dambudziko reMarine Le Pen, mukwikwidzi wekurudyi weNational Front, musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika nevhoti 2-to-1. Kwapera mwedzi, mu sarudzo dzeparamende, Bato idzva raMacron nevatsigiri varo vakahwina zvigaro mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nenomwe nenhengo dzeNational Assembly, paine mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe nenomwe, ukuwo National Front ichikunda chete 350. MuBritain, Theresa May, aine chivimbo chekuti mutsara wake mutsva, wakaomarara paBrexit uye kupesana mubato rinopikisa reLabour Party kwaizounza mibairo mikuru kubato rake reConservative Party, rakadaidzira sarudzo munaJune. Asi, kuvhundutsa kwevacherechedzi, maTori akarasikirwa nezvigaro, pamwe neparamende yavo yakawanda. Zvichakadaro, muUnited States, marongero aTrump akaburitsa mafungu ekuramba veruzhinji, ake kugutsikana zviyero mune maonero mapurogiramu akazununguka kumagariro asina kumboitika kune Mutungamiri mutsva, uye aive vakamanikidzwa kuchenesa Steve Bannon-Kukurukurirana kwemazano emunyika mukusarudzwa kwake kusarudzo uye mubasa rake-kubva kuWhite House.
Kunyangwe hazvo zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakakonzera kukundwa kwemunyika, maonero akapararira epasi rese akaita basa. Munguva yeMacron mushandirapamwe wemutungamiri wenyika, aigara achirova hushamwari hwepfungwa dzeNational Front, achizviratidza internationalist vision yeEurope yakabatana ine miganhu yakazaruka. MuBritain, kutsigira kwakasimba kwaMay kwaBrexit backfired pakati pevanhu, kunyanya vechidiki vane mafungiro enyika.
Chokwadi, pamusoro pemazana amakore hunhu hwenyika dzakasiyana hwave hwazvino uno mukuona kwevanhu. Kazhinji dzinoteverwa Diogenes, muzivi weClassical Greece, uyo, akabvunza kwaakabva, akapindura kuti: "Ndiri mugari wenyika." Pfungwa iyi yakawedzera mari pamwe nekupararira kweChiedza kufunga. Tom Paine, inofungidzirwa sevamwe veAmerica's Founding Fathers, vakatora musoro wekuvimbika kune vanhu vose munavo Kodzero dzeMunhu (1791), ichizivisa: "Nyika yangu ndiyo nyika." Mafungiro akafanana akaratidzirwa mumakore apfuura ne William Lloyd Garrison ("Nyika yangu ndiyo nyika; vanhu vemunyika yangu vose vanhu"), Albert Einstein, uye vazhinji vevamwe vanofunga nezvepasi rose. Mushure meChipiri Hondo Yenyika yakaunza nyika-nyika system kumucheto wekudonha, a hukuru hwemagariro evanhu yakavakirwa kutenderera pfungwa ye "Nyika Imwe," nehurongwa hwekuva mugari wepasirese nemasangano epasirose anowana mukurumbira wakakura kutenderera pasirese. Kunyangwe hazvo musangano wakaramba nekutanga kweCold War, kufungidzira kwayo kwekutanga kwenzvimbo yepasirese kwakapfuurira muchimiro cheUnited Nations nemushandirapamwe wepasi rose werunyararo, kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe sekupenga kwenyika kwakatanga mumakore achangopfuura, ongororo dzeongororo dzakaratidza danho rakasimba kwazvo rekutsigira kupokana kwayo: kuva mugari wepasi rese. Chisarudzo yevanhu vanodarika zviuru makumi maviri munyika gumi neshanu, yakaitiswa neGlobeScan yeBBC World Service kubva Zvita 20,000 kusvika Kubvumbi 18, vakawana kuti makumi mashanu neshanu muzana evapinduri vakazviona sevagari vepasirese kupfuura sevagari venyika dzavo. Iyi yaive nguva yekutanga kubva pakatanga kutevera muna 2015 kuti ruzhinji rwunzwe nenzira iyi.
Kunyange muUnited States, uko zvishomanana kudarika hafu yevakabvunzurudza vakazviti ivo vagari vemo, nyika yeTrump's hyper-nationist yakasangana chete 46 muzana yemavhoti akaitirwa Mutungamiri, nokudaro achimupa mavhoti anosvika mamirioni matatu pane akachengetedzwa nemuvengi wake weDemocratic. Uyezve, mavhoti pasati uye kubva sarudzo dzakaratidza kuti vazhinji veAmerica vaipokana chirongwa chaTrump chinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye chakatsigirwa zvakanyanya "America Kutanga" chirongwa - kuvaka rusvingo rwemuganhu pakati peUnited States neMexico. Pakasvika nyaya dzekupinda munyika, a Quinnipiac University inoshandiswa kutorwa kumavambo February 2017 yakawana kuti 51 muzana yevhoti yeAmerica inopesana nekutonga kweTrump kusimudzira kuenda kuUnited States kubva kunyika dzinomwe munyika dzeMuslim, 60 yepakati yakaramba kupomesa mapurogiramu ose evapoteri, uye 70 muzana vaipikisa zvachose vapoteri veSiriya vachibva kuEmerica .
Pakazara, saka, vanhu vazhinji kupota nyika - kusanganisira vanhu vazhinji muUnited States - havasi vanoshingairira nyika. Muchokwadi, ivo vanoratidza inoshamisa nhanho yerutsigiro yekufamba kupfuura nyika-nyika kune ugari hwenyika.
Dr. Lawrence Wittner, yakabatanidzwa ne PeaceVoice, ndiye Purofesa weNhoroondo yakabuda muSUNY / Albany uye munyori we Kutarisana neBhomba (Stanford University Press).
