Ne Vijay Prashad, The Tricontinental, May 9, 2022
Vadiwa shamwari,
Kwaziso kubva padhesiki re Tricontinental: Sisitimu Yekutsvaga Kwemagariro.
Mishumo miviri yakakosha yakaburitswa mwedzi wapfuura, kana kuwana mhando yekutariswa yavanofanirwa. Musi wa 4 Kubvumbi, iyo Intergovernmental Panel pamusoro peKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze Boka III ripoti rakabudiswa, zvichimutsa kudenha kwakasimba kubva kuMunyori Mukuru weUnited Nations, António Guterres. Chirevo, iye akati, 'ndeta yezvipikirwa zvemamiriro okunze asina kubudirira. Ifaira rekunyara, richinyora zvitsidzo zvisina chinhu zvinotiisa mugwara rekuenda kunyika isingararame'. PaCOP26, nyika dzakabudirira akapika kushandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora yeAdhaptation Fund yekubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dzigadzirise kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvichakadaro, musi wa100 Kubvumbi, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) yakaparura gore negore ripoti, kuona kuti kushandiswa kwemauto pasi rose kwakapfuura madhora matrillioni maviri muna 2, kekutanga yakapfuura mamaki maviri emadhora. Vashanu vakanyanya kushandisa mari - United States, China, India, United Kingdom, neRussia - vakaita 2021 muzana yemari iyi; United States, iyo pachayo, inotora 2 muzana yemari yose yezvombo.
Kune kuyerera kusingagumi kwemari yezvombo asi isingasviki zvishoma pakunzvenga njodzi yenyika.
Izwi rekuti 'njodzi' harisi kuwedzeredza. Munyori Mukuru weUN, Guterres, akayambira kuti 'tiri munzira yekumhanyisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze… Yasvika nguva yekumisa kupisa pasi redu'. Aya mazwi anobva pane chokwadi chiri muChirongwa cheBasa Rebasa III. Iko zvino yakasimbiswa zvakasimba muzvinyorwa zvesainzi kuti basa rezvakaitika kare rekuparadza kwakaitika kune zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekunze edu rinogara nematunhu ane simba zvikuru, anotungamirirwa neUnited States. Pane gakava shoma pamusoro pebasa iri munguva yakapfuura, mhedzisiro yehondo ine hutsinye yakanangana nezvisikwa yakaitwa nemasimba ecapitalist uye colonialism.
Asi basa iri rinotambanukirawo kunguva yedu yazvino. Pana 1 Kubvumbi, chidzidzo chitsva chaive rakabudiswa in Iyo Lancet Mapuraneti Hutano zvichiratidza kuti kubva muna 1970 kusvika muna 2017 'nyika dzine mari yakawanda dzinoita chikamu che74 muzana chekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakanyanyisa pasi rose, zvinotungamirirwa zvikuru neU.SA (27 muzana) uye EU-28 nyika dzine mari yakawanda (25 muzana)'. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu muNorth Atlantic nyika kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kweabiotic zviwanikwa (fossil fuels, simbi, uye asiri-metallic minerals). China ine mutoro wezvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana zvepasi rose kushandiswa kwezvinhu uye mamwe ese eGlobal South ane mutoro wezvikamu zvisere chete. Kushandiswa kwakanyanya munyika idzi dzine mari yakaderera kunofambiswa zvakanyanya nekushandisa biotic zviwanikwa (biomass). Musiyano uyu uripo pakati peabiotic uye biotic zviwanikwa unotiratidza kuti yakawandisa zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa kubva kuGlobal South zvakanyanya kudzokororwa, nepo izvo zveNorth Atlantic States hazvigonekezve.
Kupindira kwakadai kwaifanira kunge kuri pamapeji ekutanga emapepanhau epasi rose, kunyanya muGlobal South, uye zvayakawana zvakakakavadzana zvakanyanya panhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni. Asi hazvina kutaurwa nezvazvo. Zvinoratidza zvakasimba kuti nyika dzine mari zhinji dzeNorth Atlantic dziri kuparadza pasi, kuti dzinofanira kuchinja nzira dzadzo, uye kuti dzinofanira kubhadhara mumari dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa uye kuderedza kubatsira nyika dzisiri kugadzira dambudziko asi izvo. vari kutambura nekukanganisa kwayo.
Mushure mekunge vapa ruzivo, nyanzvi dzakanyora bepa rino dzinoti 'nyika dzine mari yakawanda dzine mutoro mukuru wekuparara kwepasi rose, uye naizvozvo chikwereti chezvakatipoteredza kune dzimwe nyika. Nyika idzi dzinofanirwa kutungamira mukudzikisira zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kudzivirira kumwe kuderera, izvo zvingangoda shanduko mushure mekukura uye degrowth maitiro'. Idzi ipfungwa dzinonakidza: 'kudzikisira kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwezviwanikwa' uyezve 'mushure mekukura uye nzira dzekudzikira'.
MaNorth Atlantic anoti - anotungamirwa neUnited States - ndiwo anonyanya kushandisa hupfumi hwemagariro pazvombo. Pentagon - mauto eUS - 'inoramba iri ivo vatengi vakuru vemafuta', anoti Chidzidzo cheBrown University, 'uye somugumisiro, imwe yepamusoro-soro pasi rose greenhouse gas emitters'. Kuti United States nevadyidzani vayo vasaine Kyoto Protocol muna 1997, nyika dziri nhengo dzeUN dzaifanira tendera kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse nemauto kuti risasanganisirwe mushumo yenyika pamusoro pekuburitswa.
Kushata kwezvinhu izvi kunogona kujekeswa nekuenzanisa hunhu hwemari mbiri. Kutanga, muna 2019, United Nations akaverengwa kuti gaka remari repagore rekuzadzisa Zvinangwa Zvekusimudzira (SDGs) rakasvika pamadhora mazana maviri neshanu emadhora. Kushandura mari yegore rose yemadhora mazana maviri emadhora mukushandiswa kwemauto epasi rose kumaSDGs kwaizoenda kure kure kubata nekurwiswa kukuru kwechiremera chemunhu: nzara, kusaverenga, kushaya imba, kushaya rubatsiro rwekurapa, zvichingodaro. Zvakakosha kucherechedza pano, kuti iyo $ 2.5 trillion nhamba kubva kuSIPRI haibatanidzi mararamiro ehupenyu hwehupfumi hwemagariro evanhu hunopiwa kune vagadziri vezvombo zvega zvekugadzira zvombo. Semuenzaniso, iyo Lockheed Martin F-2 zvombo system inofungidzirwa kuti mutengo inoda kusvika $2 trillion.
Muna 2021, nyika yakashandisa mari inopfuura madhora maviri emadhora kuhondo, asi chete invested - uye ichi chiverengero chine rupo - $750 bhiriyoni musimba rakachena uye kushanda nesimba. Total inivhesitimendi musimba remagetsi muna 2021 yaive madhora 1.9 tiririyoni, asi iyo yakawanda yekudyara yakaenda kumafuta emafuta (mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, uye marasha). Saka, kudyara mari mumafuta ezvicherwa kunoenderera mberi uye mari yezvombo ichikwira, ukuwo mari yekuchinja kuenda kumhando itsva dzesimba rakachena inoramba isina kukwana.
Musi wa28 Kubvumbi, Mutungamiri weUS, Joe Biden Abvunzwa US Congress yekupa madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu ezvombo kuti zvitumirwe kuUkraine. Kushevedzwa kwemari idzi kunouya pamwe chete nemashoko akashata akataurwa nemunyori wezvekudzivirirwa kweAmerica Lloyd Austin, uyo akati kuti US haisi kuedza kubvisa mauto eRussia kubva kuUkraine asi 'kuona Russia isina simba'. Zvakataurwa naAustin hazvifanire kuuya sechishamiso. Inoratidza US urongwa kubvira 2018, izvo zvave kudzivirira China neRussia kubva kuva 'near-vezera rivals'. Kodzero dzevanhu handidzo dzinonetsa; kutarisa kuri kudzivirira chero dambudziko kuUS hegemony. Nechikonzero ichocho, hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu hunopambadzwa pazvombo uye hahushandiswi kugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu.
Funga zvakaitwa neUnited States kune a dhiri pakati peSolomon Islands neChina, vavakidzani vaviri. Mutungamiriri weSolomon Islands Manase Sogavare akati kuti chibvumirano ichi chakatsvaga kusimudzira kutengeserana uye kubatsirana kwevanhu, kwete mauto ePacific Ocean. Pazuva rimwe chetero rekutaura kwaMutungamiri Sogavare, nhumwa dzepamusoro-soro dzeAmerica dzakasvika muguta guru renyika Honiara. Ivo Akaudzwa Mutungamiriri wehurumende Sogavare kuti kana maChinese akamisa chero rudzi rwe 'kuiswa kwechiuto', United States 'inozove nekunetseka kukuru uye vopindura saizvozvo'. Aya aive matyisidziro aripachena. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, mutauriri weChinese Foreign Ministry, Wang Wenbin akati, 'Nyika dzezvitsuwa muSouth Pacific inyika dzakasununguka uye dzakazvimiririra, kwete seri kweUS kana Australia. Kuedza kwavo kumutsiridza Dzidziso yeMonroe mudunhu reSouth Pacific hakuzowani rutsigiro uye hakuna kwavanoenda'.
Solomon Islands ine yeuko refu yenhau yeAustralian-British colonialism uye mavanga ebvunzo dzebhomba reatomu. Muitiro wo‘kusviba’ wakatapa zviuru zvevagari vepachitsuwa cheSolomon kuti vashande muminda yenzimbe muQueensland, Australia muzana remakore rechi19, zvakazoita kuti pave neKumukira kweKwaio muna 1927 muMalaita. Solomon Islands yakarwa zvakasimba kurwisa kuve mauto, kuvhota muna 2016 nenyika kurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya. Chido chekuva 'seri kwemba' yeUnited States kana Australia haipo. Izvo zvaive pachena mudetembo rinopenya 'Zviratidzo Zverugare' (1974) nemunyori weSolomon Islands Celestine Kulagoe:
Howa hunomera kubva
chitsuwa chisina mvura pacific
Inoparadzana muchadenga
Kusiya chete kusara kwesimba
kune izvo zvekunyengera
rugare nokuchengeteka
murume anonamatira.
Mukudzikama kwemangwanani
zuva rechitatu pashure
rudo rwakawana mufaro
muguva risina chinhu
muchinjikwa wedanda wokunyadziswa
kushandurwa kuita chiratidzo
yebasa rerudo
rugare.
Mukupisa kwemasikati kunyarara
mureza weUN uchipeperetswa
zvakavanzika kubva pakuonekwa na
mireza yenyika
pasi payo
garai varume vane zvibhakera
kusaina rugare
zvibvumirano.
Zvakasununguka,
Vijay
