NeTerry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND War
Rufu rwaWinnie Madirire-Mandela, kuchaja kweaimbova purezidhendi Jacob Zuma uye kambani yezvombo yeFrance Thomson CSF / Thint / Thales nehuori, uye 25th kurangarira kuurayiwa kwaChris Hani kwasanganisa kudzosera ruoko rweSouth Africa ruoko mukutangisa kutarisisa.
Inopindirana nezviitiko izvi, kuregedzwa kwenguva refu kwebhuku raEvelyn Groenink Isingaori inotarisa pekutanga kana iyo basa repachivande reFrance raive nemhosva yekuponda mu1989 yemumiriri we ANC muParis, Dulcie Gunyana. Ko September anga akagumburwa pamhepo yekuFrance neyeSouth Africa kubatana kugadzira zvombo zve neutron zvaizouraya vanhu asi zvichisiya hupfumi hwenyika husina kugadziriswa?
Kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvaive pakati pevakadzingwa mu ANC zvaitove kutaurirana kwazviri zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa zvombo neTomson CSF? Aimbova "chipangamazano wezvemari" waZuma Shabir Shaik akawanikwa aine mhosva mu2005 yekudzora kubhadhara kunaZuma, akatongerwa makore 15 mutirongo. Thomson CSF yaive nenhoroondo refu yehuwori uye kunyangwe kuponda, sezvakaonekwa mune nyaya yeTaiwan inoratidza kuwanda kwezvibodzwa zveSouth Africa.
VaZuma zvakadaro, havana kupomerwa mhosva. 16 inopomera izvozvi (uye 783 inoverenga) kupokana naZuma yekubira vanhu mari, huwori, kukwikwidza pamwe nehutsinye, ingori kutangazve mu2018 yenyaya iyoyo kuna Shaik iyo isingateedzwe nekuda kwekudyidzana kwezvematongerwo enyika mukati meANC.
Aimbova gweta raThompson CSF (ava kuzivikanwa saThales), akashandura muridzo, akapa humbowo kuPeople's Tribunal pamusoro pehupfumi muFebruary kuti akaperekedza VaZuma mbiri kuElysee Palace muParis. VaZuma vakagarwa ipapo neMutungamiri wenyika, VaJacques Chirac naNicholas Sarkozy, vaviri ava vainetsekana kuti nekuferefetwa kweSouth Africa kukambani yeFrance kunofanira kusiiwa.
Gweta, Ajay Sooklal, akaudzawo Tribunal kuti mushure mekunge VaZuma vagadza Komisheni yeSeriti Yekubvunzurudza mu2011, akafonera Sooklal kuti amurayire kuti asaudze Commission kuti maFrench akamubhadharira kusvika 2009. VaZuma vakanga varegedza komisheni iyi (nekuti sezvaakaudza vakuru ve ANC) kuti akange ave kurasikirwa nemhosva yandakamupomera muConstitutional Court mu2010.
Magweta aVaZuma akatadza kupomora chokwadi chehuwandu hwakawanda hunopesana ne BAE / Saab pamwe neGerman Frigate uye Submarine Consortia. Komisheni yeSeriti yakaratidza kurerutsa. Chirevo chayo chakaburitswa mu2016 chakaona kuti pakanga pasina humbowo hwehuwori hune chekuita nemaoko, uye chakadzingwa basa zvakare sekuyedza kumwe zvekare kwe ANC pakuvanda. Sezvakaratidzwa naNorman Moabi mu2013, Mutongi Willie Seriti aitevera "chirongwa chechipiri kunyaradza Terry Crawford-Brownes wepasi rino."
VaZuma vava mutungamiri wechipiri weSouth Africa kuti abvisirwe chigaro nekuda kwehuwori hune chekuita nemaoko. Mutungamiri Thabo Mbeki akaziviswa mu2008 sekuti akagamuchira chiokomuhomwe panzvimbo yeGerman Submarine Consortium, yaakapa R2 miriyoni kunaZuma neR28 miriyoni kuANC.
Mbeki anga apindira achiri 1995 akamiririra hurumende yeGerman neThyssenKrupp iyo, sekureva mumiriri weGerman wekuSouth Africa akadeura bhinzi kwandiri, aive "akatsunga kurasikirwa" kuti akunde zvibvumirano zvehondo.
Kuurayiwa kwaHani muna Kubvumbi 1993 kwakapotsa padanho rekuenda kurusununguko. Zvinangwa zvekuuraya kwake hazvina kumbobvira zvaongororwa zvinogutsa, kusanganisira neChokwadi neNyonganiso Commission. Mhosva yakakurumidza kupomedzerwa uye zviri nyore kune vaviri vevachena. Vakatongerwa kufa, asi zvirango zvakatemerwa hupenyu mutirongo mushure mekunge South Africa yabvisa mutongo wedemo.
Kuongorora kwaGroenink parufu rwaHani zvinoita sekusimbisa shungu yechirikadzi yake Limpho yekuti akauraya Janusz Walus anga asiri ega. Vanoshanda nehungwaru vekuBritain vanonzi vakashanda pachiitiko ichi se "vanotsvaira," uye vaongorori vakarairwa kuti varege basa reWalus kumutengesi weRhodesian John Bredenkamp.
VaBritain vane ruzivo rwemakore mukushanda kwenhema-mureza, kusanganisira kuburitsa huori kuparadza nyika. London inoramba iri guta rekuchengetera mari pasirese, sezvazvisimbiswazve nePanama uye anotevera mapepa eParadhiso.
Vezvematongerwo enyika veEuropean pamwe nemakambani anodzika maoko vakaenda kuno kuSouth Africa mushure me1994 kubhadhara neruoko neruoko rwedu rwekuchinja runyararo kubva kune rusaruraganda kusvika kurusununguko rwezvitendero, uku tichifambisa zvombo nesimba pamweya. Mukuputsa ruoko rweUN kurwisa rusaruro kuSouth Africa, vanga vagara vachigadzirira kutengesa zvombo kuhurumende yeANC izvo nyika yaisada uye zvaisingakwanise.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutengeserana kwemaoko kunotora chikamu che40 muzana yehuori hwenyika, uye zvichitungamirwa ne "kuchengetedzeka kwenyika" hurumende dzeEurope hazvina mabvumirano nezvekushandisa chiokomuhomwe kuchengetedza zvibvumirano zvekupinza zvombo munyika inonzi "nyika yechitatu". Hongu, 160 mapeji ezvinyorwa kubva kuBritish Serious Fraud Office uye Scorpions zvakadzama sei uye nei BAE yakabhadhara chiokomuhomwe chemamirioni emadhora 115 kuchengetedza zvibvumirano zvake, kune izvo zvakapihwa chiokomuhomwe uye ndeapi maakaundi ekubhangi muSouth Africa nekune dzimwe nyika.
Vaya BAE pfumbamuromo mapepa anoratidza Bredenkamp semumwe wevakanyanya kubatsirwa. Aizivikanwa zvakare senhengo yeMI6. Chakatonyanya kukosha ndezvekufunga nezvekubatanidzwa kweANC nekuti Hani aipomerwa kuburitsa huori hwaJoe Modise uye hukama hweBritain. Iye Modise gare gare mu1998 akapindira akamirira BAE neizvo zvaakadana zita rake "risingabhadharwe sarudzo uye yekuona maitiro" zvakanyorwa zvakanaka.
Ndakagadzwa mu1996 naArchbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane kuti ndimiririre Chechi yeAnglican kuParamende Defence Ongorora uko, mugwaro reDziviriro White Pepa, isu vamiriri veruzhinji vakapokana kuti kubvisa hurombo ndiko kwaikoshesa kuchengetedzwa kweSouth Africa. Sezvakabvumwa kunyange nevemauto, pakanga pasina chekutyisa vemauto vekunze kutyisidzira kushandisa mari yakakura pane zvombo.
Iyo ruoko ruoko yakagadzirirwa pane kusafunga kuti iyo R30 bhiriyoni yakashandiswa pane zvombo zvaizoita mashiripiti kuburitsa R110 bhiriyoni muzvikanganiso uye kuumba pamusoro pe 65 000 mabasa. MaParamende nema Auditor General pavakada kuti vaone zvibvumirano zvakabviswa, vakavharirwa nechisimba chekuti zvibvumirano izvi "zvaive zvekuvanzika."
Zvipambi zvaive uye zvakakurumbira pasi rese sechisakiso neindasitiri yezvombo, nekudyidzana kwevezvematongerwo enyika vane huori, kutora vateresi munyika dzese dzinotengesa uye dzinogamuchira. Pfungidziro, ivo havana kumbobvira vapfeka miviri.
Winnie Madakw-Mandela aive nhengo yedare reParamende Dziviriro. Panguva dzandakasangana naye, ndakamuwana kwete chete akanaka uye akanaka. Zvikuru, aivawo musikanzwa mukushushikana kwake kuti kushandisa mari zvakadaro hakuna zvakapfuura kupengeswa kwekurwa neusarura pamwe nekudzosa vatapwa veANC. Mushure mekupfuura kwake, Bhishopi mukuru Desmond Tutu akati kumutero:
“Akaramba kupfugama nekusungwa kwemurume wake, kushungurudzwa kwemhuri yake nekusingaperi nemauto, masungwa, kurambidzwa uye kubviswa. Kushinga kwake kushinga kwakandikurudzira zvikuru, uye kuzvizvarwa zvevatsigiri.
Ini ndakaziviswa mu1998 kuti BAE yairovera chiokomuhomwe kunhengo dzeANC dzeparamende pamberi pesarudzo dze1999, uye zvaive zvakadaro kuburikidza nemasangano maviri eSweden ekudyidzana. Ndakakumbira hurumende yeBritain kuti iongorore, uye Scotland Yard yakarairwa kuita saizvozvo. Nekufamba kwenguva ndakadzidza kuti zvaive [zvisiri zvisiri pamutemo mumutemo weChirungu kupa pfumbamuromo kune vekunze, nekudaro pakanga pasina mhosva yeScotland Yard kuti iongorore. Uye kuGermany chiokomuhomwe chakadai chakatozobhadharwa mutero se "mutengo webhizimisi unobatsira."
Seizvo Andrew Feinstein akanyora mubhuku rake Mushure mePati, kwete chete kuti Trevor Manuel akamumanikidza kudonhedza kuongorora kweCOPOP muchibvumirano chemaoko, asi akazivisa:
"Tese tinoziva JM [sekuzivikanwa kwaiitwa naJoe Modise]. Zvinoita kuti paive paine shit muzita. Asi kana zviripo, hapana anozombozvifumura. Ivo havazi mapenzi. Ingorega ichinyepa. Tarisa pane zvehunyanzvi zvinhu, izvo zvaive zvakanaka. ' Ini ndakapindura kuti kune matambudziko kunyange nehunyanzvi, ndokuyambira kuti tikasasvika pasi pechibvumirano izvozvi, chinodzoka kuzotishungurudza - iwo maonero andakaratidza kakawanda mukati meANC.
Imwe nhengo yepamusoro yeECC ye NEC yakandikoka kumba kwake rimwe Svondo. Kugara panze mukati merimwe zuva, akanditsanangurira kuti ndaisazombo 'kuhwina chinhu ichi'.
'Kuregererei?' Ndakabvunza.
Nekuti takagamuchira mari kubva kune mamwe makambani anokunda. "Munofunga sei isu takatsigira mari yesarudzo ye1999?"
Aimbova anorwisa rusaruro (izvozvi Ishe) Peter Hain akaramba nesimba kwandiri zvese nekutaura uye nekunyora kuti kune humbowo hwehuori hweBAE. Nekukurumidza kumberi kwe2010 apo Sweden TV 4 yakaratidza kuti mubatanidzwa wevatengesi uyo akafambisa kutamiswa kweicho chiokomuhomwe aive asarudzwa semutungamiri weSocial Democratic Party. Iye zvino ari Prime minister weSweden, Stefan Lövren.
Nguva pfupi isati yaitwa iyi sarudzo ye1999, masenjeri eANC aive achishanda naMandela akasangana neni. Mutungamiriri wavo akandiudza:
"Ticha taura kuti uori chaihwo huri kupi pachibvumirano chemauto." Joe Modise uye hutungamiriri hweMkhonto-isu Sizwe tinoona ruoko rwekudyidzana uye zvimwe zvibvumirano zvehurumende semukana wekutsiva Oppenheimers sevanhu vatsva vemari. Maoko ekutengesa anongova iwo mupendero weiyo iceberg iyo zvakare ine chekuita nemafuta ekubata, nzira yekudyazve tekisi, migwagwa inonetesa, marezinesi ekutyaira, Cell C, kuvandudzwa kwechiteshi cheDega, madhaimendi uye kutengesa zvinodhaka, kutengesa zvombo uye kutambisa mari. "Sangano iri rinokanganisa ANC kuti vadzivirirwe mune zvematongerwo enyika."
Nekudaro, ndakaudza Archbishop Ndungane nezve hurukuro iyi. Akadaidzira komisheni yekubvunza mukati menyaya idzi, uye akabvuma mazano ekuti zvombo zvekutengesa zvombo zvimiswe. Kana VaMbeki, vakagadzwa semutungamiri wenyika, vakaramba zvavakaudzwa naNdungane, ndakasvitsa mashandiro eUngwaru kuna ANC kuna Patricia de Lille, nhengo yeParamende yePan Africanist Congress.
Chibvumirano chemaoko chinonzi chakadzorera Modise kubva kuna Mbeki chekubvisa Hani pagakava semutsivi waNelson Mandela semutungamiriri wenyika. Mbeki akashatiswa uye akanyanya simba, izvo zvakaita kuti abvumirane naWinnie Mandela uyo akaramba kuzviisa pasi pezvaakatonga. Iye akamurondedzera achiti "haana kudzidza!"
Pasi pehutungamiriri hwaMbeki, Paramende yakakurumidza kuora ikava chitambi cheRabara. Mushure mekufungisisa mamiriro ezvinhu munyika dzine hutongi izvo hofisi yeveruzhinji inopa "nguva yavo yekudya," bato reANC rakadzora zvakarongeka masheki-uye-zviyero zvakanyatso nyorwa muBumbiro.
Kuratidzira kwemwedzi mishoma gare gare kwave kuburitswa kwe "Memorandum kuna Patricia de Lille MP kubva kune 'vechidiki veParamende ve ANC" (anonzi De Lille Dossier). Girama yemahara yakarongedzwa uye zviperengo zvakasvibisa kwayakatangira. Mheremhere yaitevera yainyatso kuburitsa pachena, uye inotyisa. VaMbeki vanongedza nhaurirano dzekukurukurirana kwemaoko, Jayendra Naidoo akandinetsa kuti ndainyora here. Pandakaramba ndichifunga kuti ndomupindura sei, akaenderera mberi achiti: "kwete, zvakange zvakanyorwa nemumwe munhu ainyatsoziva neAK-47 pane nepeni!"
ANC yakatanga kuuraya huroyi kuti vatevedze "Vanetseka neveMDC MP." De Lille vakatyisidzirwa nekuuraya, uku Archbishop Ndungane neni takamanikidzwa kuburitsa mazita avo. Takaramba. De Lille neni munaNovember 1999 takazivisa kuti takaendesa humbowo hwehuwori kuna Mutongi Willem Heath kuti aongororwe. De Lille aipfeka hembe-t-hembe pakuvhura kweParamende kunotevera achiti "ruoko rwemaoko rwuri mumaoko angu."
Sarudzo yedu yakavimbiswa nemasangano eruzhinji akange apinda muDziviriro Yezvekudzivirira, pamwe neSA Council of Churches neSA Catholic Bishops Conference. Isu takazivisawo ipapo kuti taizongoratidza mazita kune komisheni yakatarwa yakafanira kutongwa.
Ongororo yekutenga mari inodhura mumwedzi waNyamavhuvhu 1999 yakayambira makurukota eCabinet kuti basa remaoko rakanga risiri remberi raigona kuendesa hurumende mukuwedzera "matambudziko emari, emari nehupfumi." Chidzidzo ichi chakacherekedza kuchinjanisa kwenyika nekumwe njodzi, kusanganisira kusatakura mukutakura. zvezvisungo zvekubvisa, uye zvakakurudzira kuti BAE / Saab Gripen murwi we ndege zvibvumirano zvibviswe, kana zvirinani zvadzoserwa.
South Africa panguva iyoyo yaive ichiri kutora kuendesa kuIsrael ye 50 Cheetah ndege yendege, iyo yakazotengeswa nemitengo yemoto kuEcuador nedzimwe nyika dzeLatin America. Chokwadi zvakajeka pakanga pasina kururamisa kune BAE / Saab uye zvimwe zvinotenga. Ivo vaingotengerwa chioko muhombwe.
Iko kusanganiswa kweBAE Hawk uye BAE / Saab Gripen zvibvumirano zvakabvunzwa kweanopfuura hafu yemabatiro emaoko. Chibvumirano chechinyakare che20 chegore reBarclays Bank chikwereti chakasainwa naManuel uye chakasimbiswa nehurumende yeBritain chinogona kurondedzerwa se “bhuku remanyorero erechitatu kukweretesa nyika chikwereti.” Hurumende yeBritain inobata "goridhe chikamu" mu BAE.
Mukubvumikisa izvo zvibvumirano zvechikwereti zviri zvangu uye zvakawanikwa kubva kuLondon sezvazviri, zano raManuel pachavo rezvemitemo mu2003 rakabvuma kuti magwaro avo ekutadza "anogona kukanganisa njodzi kuSouth Africa." Kana tichienzanisa, Thomson CSF chibvumirano chidiki chichaitirwa naZuma naThales pakupedzisira kutarisana nehuwori kupomerwa yaive hama yepadivi-show.
Ini ndakanga ndisisina kana chekuonana naMandela kusvika 2011 pandakamukoka kuzopupurira kuRussian Tribunal paPalestine muCape Town nezvezviitiko zvake zvekugara mumasaruro South Africa. Ini ndakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo mune vezvenhau, asi hapana mumwe muSouth Africa aive akagwinya kupfuura iye kurondedzera mhosva dzehutsinye. Nehurombo iye aifanira kubvisa nekuda kwehutano, saka ini ndakatsiva Dr Allan Boesak.
Aive "maInziles" akatakura kurwira rusaruro muma1980s - Winnie Mandela, Tutu, Boesak kunyanya - nepo nhapwa dzeANC muLusaka uye kumwe kunhu dzakange dzakarara dzichirota nzira dzekupamba South Africa kana dzava kutonga.
Imwe yekukanganisa kwakanyanya kwakaitwa mushure me1990 yaive yekuti United Democratic Front (iyo yaive yakadzikwa nedemo uye yakasununguka) yakabvuma kudzima kana iyo nhapwa yeANC (iyo yaive pamusoro-pasi uye yakazvimiririra) isina kurambidzwa.
Ndichityisidzirwa nemutongi Seriti nezvekuzvidzwa, ndakasunungura pachena kuCariti Commission mu2014 kuti Winnie Mandela ndiye mutungamiri weavo "vechidiki veParamende ve ANC." Sezvineiwo mutauriri we ANC akandifadza achiti "ndinoreva nhema." Mandela masikati iwayo akasimbisa chokwadi chekuburitswa kwangu munhaurwa yefoni kuna De Lille.
"De Lille Dossier" zvakakonzeresa kuti Paramende ivhote pamwe chete muna Mbudzi 2000 kuferefetwa kwakawanda pamusoro pechibvumirano chemaoko, icho hutungamiriri hwaMbeki chakazofambisa nekukurumidza kudzikisira nekuparadza. Rondedzero ye "whitewash" Joint Investigating Team (JIT) - ichisimbisa kuti kondirakiti yega yega yechibvumirano chemaoko chakakanganisika zvakanyanya nekutadza kutenderedza - zvakashamisawo zvakare kuburitsa Cabinet chero mhosva.
Vhiki nhanhatu mushumo uyu usati wasumwa muParamende, ndakaziviswa nevanoona nezveuchenjeri hwe ANC kuti Modise aive achiitwa nemaune asi zvishoma nezvishoma akapisira muchetura kuti "varume vakafa vataure nyaya." Kushamisika kwangu, Modise akabva afa sekunge ari pachirongwa.
Mariro aModise, tarisiro, akabatana neyaichimbova mukadzi weFW de Klerk, Marike, uyo akaurayiwa. Sezvo achipa rukudzo rwekuita chirevo, Mandela akasarudza kudhira Modise - uyo waakapomera mhosva yekufa kwaHani - uye panzvimbo iyoyo masikati iwayo akaenda kumariro aMarike de Klerk.
Semunhu airwa muhondo, hapana mubvunzo kuti Mandela akakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nezviitiko zvake mukushora rusaruro zvakadaro, kusanganisira kushungurudzwa kwaakaitwa. Uhasha nehutsinye hwehondo hunokanganisa vese vanopara mhosva nevanotambura, uye zvinogona kutora zvizvarwa kuporesa. Iko kukuvara kunoitwa nemaoko ekubata maoko kuSouth Africa kwakaoma kukunda democracy mubumbiro iri kuri kukuru.
Vaimbova Mutungamiriri weBritish, Tony Blair, vakafambisa Hofisi yeBritish Sential Fraud Hofisi mukubhadhara BAE kwekupiwa chiokomuhomwe kumachinda eSaudi Arabia nemhosva yekunyepedzera "kuchengetedzwa kwenyika," asi BAE yakazobhadhariswa US $ 479 mamirioni. BAE parizvino iri kuwirirana neSaudis mukupara mhosva dzehondo muYemen.
Kana mamiriro matsva ezvematongerwo enyika akanangana nekuparadza huori pakupedzisira ave kubuda pasi pemutungamiri wenyika, VaCyril Ramaphosa, kubviswa kwezvibvumirano zvehuwori zveBAE (uye kudzoreredzwa kwemari pamwe nekukuvara kwakanyanya) kungaratidza kuti akakomba. Mukuita izvi, danho rakadai rinobvumawo nekuremekedza mupiro wakakura wakaitwa naWinnie Madlaka-Mandela mukufumura kutuka kwemaoko.
Kwete chete kuti hapana mushonga wekubiridzira, asi chibvumirano chemaoko chakaratidza uwandu hwepamutemo hwekuti "hunyengeri hunoburitsa zvese!"
