Kana iri kuuya kuhondo, vanhu veAmerica vanonyanya kushamisika.

Mhinduro dzevaAmerica kuhondo dzeIraq neAfghanistan dzinopa mienzaniso inotaura. Muna 2003, maererano mavhoti, 72 muzana yevaAmerica vakafunga kuenda kuhondo muIraq yaive sarudzo chaiyo. Pakutanga kwa2013, rutsigiro rwechisarudzo ichocho rwange rwaderera kusvika pa41 muzana. Saizvozvo, muna Gumiguru 2001, apo chiuto cheUS chakatanga muAfghanistan, chakatsigirwa na 90 muzana yeruzhinji rweAmerica. Pakazosvika Zvita 2013, kubvumidzwa neruzhinji kwehondo yeAfghanistan kwakange kwadzika kusvika chete 17 muzana.

Muchokwadi, uku kudonha kwerutsigiro rweveruzhinji kweakamboita-mukurumbira hondo chiitiko chenguva refu. Kunyangwe Hondo Yenyika I yakatangira kuferefetwa kweruzhinji, vacherechedzi vakaratidza kushingairira kukuru kuti US ipinde muhondo iyi muna Kubvumbi 1917. Asi, mushure mehondo, shungu dzakapera. Muna 1937, apo vafambi vakabvunza maAmerican kuti United States inofanirwa kutora chikamu mune imwe hondo seHondo Yenyika, 95 muzana wevaya vakapindura vakati "Kwete."

Uye saka zvakaenda. Mutungamiri Truman pavakatumira mauto eUS kuKorea munaJune 1950, 78 muzana veAmerica vakaongororwa vakaratidza kubvumirwa kwavo. Pakazosvika Kukadzi 1952, maererano nesarudzo, 50 muzana yevaAmerica vakatenda kuti US kupinda muhondo yeKorea kwaive kukanganisa. Chiitiko chimwe chete ichi chakaitika maererano neHondo yeVietnam. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1965, maAmerican paakabvunzwa kana hurumende yeUS yakanga "yakanganisa kutumira mauto kunorwa kuVietnam," 61 muzana pakati pavo vakati "Kwete." Asi pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 1968, rutsigiro rwehondo rwakange radzika kusvika pa35 muzana, uye pakazosvika Chivabvu 1971 rakanga raderera kusvika pa28 muzana.

Pakati pehondo dzese dzeAmerica pamusoro pezana ramakore rapfuura, Hondo Yenyika II chete ndiyo yakachengetedza ruzhinji. Uye iyi yaive hondo isina kujairika - imwe inosanganisira kurwisa kwemauto pavhu reAmerica, vavengi vane utsinye vakatsunga kukunda nekuita nhapwa nyika, uye kukunda kwakazara.

Mune angangoitika ese, zvakadaro, vekuAmerican vakapandukira hondo dzavaimbotsigira. Mumwe anotsanangudza sei uyu muenzaniso wekuora mwoyo?

Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kunge mutengo wakakura wehondo - muhupenyu nezviwanikwa. Munguva yehondo dzeKorea neVietnam, apo mabhegi emuviri nevarwi vakaremara vakatanga kudzoka kuUnited States muhuwandu, rutsigiro rweveruzhinji rwehondo rwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe iyo Afghanistan neIraq hondo dzakaburitsa vashoma kuurayiwa kuAmerica, mari yezvehupfumi yakanyanya. Zvidzidzo zviviri zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvehunyanzvi zvakafungidzira kuti idzi mbiri hondo dzichazobhadhara vateresi veAmerica kubva $ 4 trillion kusvika $ 6 trillion. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yakawanda yehurumende yeUS iri kushandisa mari haichaendi kunodzidziswa, hutano, mapaki, uye zvigadzirwa, asi kubhadhara mitengo yehondo. Hazvishamise kuti maAmerican mazhinji akachinja pamhirizhonga idzi.

Asi kana mutoro unorema wehondo wakanyadzisa vazhinji vekuAmerica, nei vachigadziriswa kuti vatsigire vatsva?

Chikonzero chakakosha chinoita kunge ndechekuti masangano ane simba, ekuumba pfungwa - midhiya yekukurukurirana, hurumende, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, uye kunyange dzidzo - zvinodzorwa, zvakati kana zvishoma, neizvo Mutungamiri Eisenhower akadana "chivakwa chemauto nemaindasitiri." Uye, pakutanga kwekukonana, aya masangano anowanzo kwanisa kutora mireza ichisimudza, mabhendi achitamba, uye mhomho yevanhu inofarira zvehondo.

Asi zvakare ichokwadi kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu veAmerica vanonyengera uye, pakutanga pakutanga, vakagadzirira kuungana mureza. Chokwadi, maAmerican mazhinji vane hunyanzvi hwenyika uye vanofarira kukumbira kwakanyanya-kuda nyika. Musimboti wenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika dzeUS inyaya yesacosanct inoti America ndiyo "nyika hurusa pasi rose" - anobatsira zvikuru kurwisa kwemauto eUS kurwisa dzimwe nyika. Uye ichi chinwiwa chine musoro chinobviswa nekuremekedzwa kukuru kwepfuti nemasoja eUS. ("Ngatinzwei kuombera kwemaGamba Edu!")

Ehezve, kune zvakare kwakakosha nzvimbo yekuAmerica yerunyararo, iyo yakaumba masangano erunyararo kwenguva refu, anosanganisira Peace Action, Varapi veSocial Responsibility, Fellowship of Reconciliation, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, nemamwe mapoka ehondo. Iyi nharaunda yerunyararo, inowanzo tenderwa nehunhu uye zvematongerwo enyika, inopa simba rakakosha kupokana nehondo dzeUS mumatangiro avo ekutanga. Asi zvinoenzanisirwa nevanoda zvechiuto vakasimba, vakagadzirira kuombera hondo kune wekupedzisira mupenyu weAmerica. Simba rinoshanduka mumaonero eruzhinji rweUS ndiyo nhamba huru yevanhu vanokomberedza mureza pakutanga kwehondo uye, zvadaro, zvishoma nezvishoma, vanoguta nekukonana.

Uye saka maitiro ecyclical anotevera. Benjamin Franklin akazviziva pakutanga kwezana regumi nemasere, paakanyora nhetembo pfupi  A Pocket Almanack yeGore 1744:

Hondo inobereka Urombo,

Urombo Runyararo;

Runyararo runoita kuti Pfuma iyerere,

(Hondo haigari.)

Fuma inobereka kuzvikudza,

Kuzvikudza iGuru reHondo;

Hondo inobereka Urombo & c.

Nyika inotenderera.

Ikoko kwaizova nekusazvidzora kuduku, pamwe nekuchengetwa kukuru muupenyu nehupfumi, kana vamwe veAmerica vakaziva mari inotyisa yehondo pamberi vakamhanyira kuchimbundikira. Asi kunzwisiswa kwakajeka kwehondo nemhedzisiro yazvo kungave kuri madikanwa kugonesa maAmerican kuti vabude munzira iyo yavanoratidzika kunge vakabatwa.

Lawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com) ndiye Purofesa weNhoroondo anobuda paSUNY / Albany. Bhuku rake razvino ibhuku rinotyisa pamusoro peyunivhesiti kubatanidzwa, Chii chiri kuenderera kuUAardvark?