NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, Zvita 15, 2020
Joe Biden achatora kuraira kweWhite House panguva iyo veruzhinji veAmerica vari kunetsekana nekurwisa coronavirus pane kurwa mhiri kwemakungwa hondo. Asi hondo dzeAmerica dzinotsamwa zvisineyi, uye nehondo yekurwisa hugandanga Biden yakatsigira munguva yakapfuura - zvichibva pakumhanya nendege, mashandiro akasarudzika uye kushandiswa kwemauto eproxy - ndizvo chaizvo zvinoita kuti gakava iri rirambe richienderera.
MuAfghanistan, Biden akapokana naObama mauto e2009, uye mushure mekunge kukundikana kwakundikana, Obama akadzokera kumutemo uyo Biden akafarirwa kutanga, izvo zvakava chiratidzo chehurongwa hwavo hwehondo mune dzimwe nyika futi. Mumukati medenderedzwa, izvi zvainzi "kupesana nehugandanga," zvinopesana ne "kupesana nekukurumidza."
MuAfghanistan, izvo zvaireva kusiya kukuru-kwemauto eUS, uye kuvimba pachinzvimbo mhepo inorova, kurwisa kwedrone nemabasa akakosha "kuuraya kana kubata”Kupamba, apo kuunganidza uye kudzidzisa Mauto eAfghan kuita dzinenge dzese pasi kurwa nekubata kwenharaunda.
Mukupindira kweLibya muna 2011, mubatanidzwa weNATO-Arab monarchist wakadzika mazana eQatari akakosha mashandiro emauto uye MaWestern mercenaries pamwe nevapanduki veLibya kudaidza maNATO airstrikes uye kudzidzisa mauto emuno, kusanganisira MaIslamist mapoka ine zvinongedzo kuAl Qaeda. Iwo masimba avakasunungura achiri kurwira pamusoro pezvakapambwa makore mapfumbamwe gare gare.
Nepo Joe Biden ikozvino achitora chikwereti che kupikisa kupindira kune njodzi muLibya, panguva iyo akakurumidza kurumbidza kubudirira kwayo kunonyengera kwenguva pfupi uye kuurayiwa kunotyisa kwaColonel Gaddafi. "NATO yakawana zvakanaka," Biden akadaro mukutaura paPlymouth State College muna Gumiguru 2011 pazuva chairo iro Mutungamiri Obama akazivisa kufa kwaGaddafi. “Panyaya iyi, America yakashandisa mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora uye haina kurasikirwa neupenyu. "Uyu ndiwo mushonga wekuti ungabata sei nenyika sezvatinoenda kumberi kupfuura zvayaimboita kare."
Nepo Biden kubvira anga ashambidza maoko ake ekunyengera muLibya, iko kuvhiya kwaive chiratidzo chechidzidziso chekuhwanda uye proxy hondo yakatsigirwa nendege dzaakatsigira, uye dzaasati achiramba. Biden achiri kuti anotsigira mabasa "ehugandanga", asi akasarudzwa mutungamiri wenyika asina kumbopindura pachena mubvunzo wakanangana nerutsigiro rwake rwekushandisa kukuru airstrikes uye drone inorwisa izvo chikamu chakakosha chedzidziso iyoyo.
Mukurwisa kurwisa Islamic State muIraq neSyria, mauto anotungamirwa neUS akadonha pamusoro pe118,000 mabhomba nezvombo zvinokandwa, zvichideredza maguta makuru seMosul neRaqqa kuita marara nekuuraya makumi ezviuru yevanhuwo zvavo. Biden paakati America "haina kurasikirwa neupenyu humwe" muLibhiya, ainyatso kureva kuti "hupenyu hweAmerica." Kana "hupenyu" zvichingoreva hupenyu, hondo muLibhiya pachena yakadhura hupenyu husingaverengeke, uye ikaseka chisungo cheUN Security Council chisarudzo chakabvumidza kushandiswa kwemauto chete chengetedza vanhuwo zvavo.
SaRob Hewson, mupepeti wenhau yekutengesa zvombo Jane Mhepo-Yakatangwa Zvombo, akaudza AP apo US yakaburitsa bhomba "Shock and Awe" kuIraq muna 2003, "Muhondo iri kurwirwa kuti ibatsire vanhu veIraq, haukwanise kuuraya chero mumwe wavo. Asi iwe haugone kudonha mabhomba uye kwete kuuraya vanhu. Pane hunyanzvi chaihwo mune zvese izvi. ” Izvi zviri pachena zvinoshanda kuvanhu muLibya, Afghanistan, Siria, Yemen, Palestine uye chero kupi mabhomba eAmerica anga achidonha kwemakore makumi maviri.
Sezvo VaObama naTrump vese pavakaedza kuita pivot kubva mukukundikana kwe "hondo yepasi rose nezvehugandanga" kune izvo zvakatumirwa nehutongi hwaTrump "makwikwi emasimba makuru, ”Kana kudzosera kuCold War, hondo yekutyisa yakaramba kuomesa musoro. Al Qaeda neIslamic State vakadzingwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakapihwa bhomba neUnited States, asi ramba uchionekera munyika nyowani nematunhu. Islamic State ikozvino yatora swath yekuchamhembe Mozambiki, uye atorawo midzi muAfghanistan. Mamwe maAl Qaeda vanobatana anoshanda muAfrica yese, kubva Somalia neKenya muEast Africa kusvika nyika gumi neimwe muWest Africa.
Mushure memakore angangoita makumi maviri e "hondo yekutyisa," pari zvino paine boka rakakura rekutsvaga mune izvo zvinofambisa vanhu kujoina mapoka echiIslamist ane zvombo vachirwisa mauto emuno kana vapambi veWestern. Nepo vezvematongerwo enyika vekuAmerican vachiri kumisikidza maoko avo pamusoro pezvinangwa zvakakombama zvinogona kuverengera hunhu husinganzwisisike, zvinoitika kuti hazvisi izvo zvakaoma. Vazhinji varwi havakurudzirwe nemafungiro echiIslam zvakanyanya sekuda kwekuzvidzivirira, mhuri dzavo kana nharaunda kubva kumauto ehondo, sezvakanyorwa mune uyu mushumo neCentre yeCivilians Mukukonana.
imwe ongororo, yakanzi Journey to Extremism in Africa: Drivers, Incentives and the Tipping Point for Recruitment, vakaona kuti nzvimbo yekuturika kana "uswa hwekupedzisira" hunotyaira pamusoro pe70% yevarwi kujoina mapoka ane zvombo ndiko kuuraya kana kuvharirwa kwenhengo yemhuri "Kupesana nehugandanga" kana "chengetedzo" mauto. Chidzidzo ichi chinofumura chiratidzo cheUS chemauto echisimba senzira yekuzvizadzisa inoitisa mhirizhonga isingagadzirisike nekugadzira nekuzadza dziva rinowedzera re "magandanga" sezvo richiparadza mhuri, nharaunda nenyika.
Semuenzaniso, iyo US yakaumba iyo Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership nenyika 11 dzekuWest Africa muna 2005 uye parizvino vakanyura bhiriyoni emadhora mairi. Mune mushumo wapfupi kubva kuBurkina Faso, Nick Turse akataura nezvehurumende dzeUS dzinosimbisa kuti makore gumi nemashanu e "huta hwehugandanga" hunotungamirwa neUS zvakangomutsa kuputika kwehugandanga muWest Africa.
Pentagon's Africa Center for Strategic Study inoshuma kuti zviitiko zvinechisimba zvine chiuru zvinosanganisira mauto eIslamist muBurkina Faso, Mali neNiger mugore rapfuura anosvika kuwedzera kanomwe kubvira 2017, nepo huwandu hwakasimbiswa hwevanhu vakaurayiwa hwakawedzera kubva pa1,538 2017 muna 4,404 kusvika pa2020 XNUMX muna XNUMX.
Heni Nsaibia, mutsvagiri mukuru kuACLED (Armed Conflict Location Event Data), akaudza Turse kuti, "Kutarisisa pfungwa dzekuMadokero dzekupokana nehugandanga uye kumbundira muenzaniso wemauto chaiko kwakave kukanganisa kukuru. Kufuratira vatyairi vehondo, senge hurombo uye kushomeka kwenzanga, uye kutadza kurerutsa mamiriro anosimudzira kumukira, sekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakazara nemauto, zvakakonzera kukuvara kusingagadzirisike. ”
Chokwadi, kunyangwe New York Times yakasimbisa kuti "kurwisa hugandanga" mauto muBurkina Faso ari kuuraya sevanhuwo zvavo vazhinji se "magandanga" avanofanirwa kunge vachirwa. Chirevo che2019 State State Country Report pamusoro peBurkina Faso yakaratidza kupomedzerwa kwe "mazana ekuuraya zvisina tsarukano kwevanhu sehurongwa hwekurwisa hugandanga," kunyanya kuuraya nhengo dzerudzi rweFulani.
Souaibou Diallo, mutungamiri wesangano renharaunda revadzidzi vechiMuslim, akaudza Turse kuti kushungurudzwa uku ndiko kuri kukonzera kuti maFulani ajoine mapoka evapanduki. "Makumi masere muzana yeavo vanobatana nemapoka emagandanga vakatiudza kuti hazvisi nekuti vanotsigira jihadism, imhaka yekuti baba vavo kana amai kana mukoma vakaurayiwa nemauto," akadaro Diallo. "Vanhu vazhinji vakaurawa - vakaurawa - asi hapana kururamisira."
Kubva pakavambwa Hondo Yepasi Pose pamusoro peKutyisa, mativi ese ari maviri akashandisa mhirizhonga yevavengi vavo kupembedza mhirizhonga yavo, zvichikonzera kutaridzika kunoita kunge kusingaperi kwemhirizhonga iri kupararira kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika nenzvimbo kuenda kunharaunda pasi rese.
Asi midzi yeUS yeiyi mhirizhonga nenyonganiso zvinomhanya zvakadzika kupfuura izvi. Ose maAl Qaeda neIslamic State zvakashanduka kubva mumapoka akambotorwa, akadzidziswa, akashongedzwa uye akatsigirwa neCIA kupidigura hurumende dzekunze: Al Qaeda muAfghanistan muma1980s, neNusra Front neIslamic State muSyria kubvira 2011.
Kana iyo Biden manejimendi ichinyatsoda kumisa kukuchidzira nyonganiso nehugandanga munyika, inofanirwa kushandura zvakanyanya iyo CIA, ine basa rayo mukudzikamisa nyika, kutsigira hugandanga, kuparadzira mhirizhonga uye kugadzira kufungidzira kwenhema kwehondo uye ruvengo rwakanyatsoratidzwa kubvira ma1970 naColonel Fletcher Prouty, William Blum, Gareth Porter nevamwe.
United States haizombovi nechinangwa, depoliticized yenyika huchenjeri system, kana saka chaicho-chakavakirwa, chinowirirana mutemo wekunze, kudzamara yaburitsa mweya uyu mumushini. Biden akasarudza Avril Haines, uyo zvakagadzirwa iyo yakavanzika quasi-yepamutemo hwaro hwechirongwa chaObama che drone uye chakadzivirirwa vanotambudza veCIA, kuve Director wake weNational Intelligence. Iko Haines iri kune basa rekushandura aya masangano echisimba nemhirizhonga kuita yepamutemo, inoshanda njere system? Izvi zvinoita sezvisingaiti, asi zvakadaro zvakakosha.
Iyo nyowani Biden manejimendi inoda kutora nyowani nyowani kutarisisa kune hwese hwakawanda hweanoparadza marongero ayo United States akateedzera kutenderera pasirese kwemakumi emakore, uye nekunyengera basa iro CIA rakaita mune mazhinji acho.
Isu tinovimba Biden anozopedzisira aramba tsuro-dzakarukwa, zvemauto zvinokanganisa magariro nekuparadza hupenyu hwevanhu nekuda kwezvisingawanikwe zvematongerwe enyika, uye kuti achazoisa mari mukubatsira uye nehupfumi rubatsiro rwunonyatso batsira vanhu kurarama zvine runyararo uye nehupenyu hupenyu.
Isuwo tinotarisira kuti Biden achadzosera pivot yaTrump kudzokera kuCold War uye kudzivirira kutsauswa kweakawanda zviwanikwa zvemunyika yedu kumakwikwi ehondo asina maturo uye ane njodzi neChina neRussia.
Tine matambudziko chaiwo ekuti titarisane nawo muzana rino ramakore - matambudziko aripo anogona kugadziriswa chete nekudyidzana kwepasi rose. Hatichakwanise kubayira ramangwana redu paatari yeHondo Yenyika Yose paGandanga, Hondo Yemashoko Matsva, Pax Americana kana mamwe mafungiro evahedheni.
Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iye inhengo yeboka revanyori Collective20. Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimiririra, muongorori ane CODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
Imwe Mhinduro
Hondo uranda nekushungurudzwa!