Kuratidzira muWestwood, California 2002. Mufananidzo: Carolyn Cole / Los Angeles Times kuburikidza naGetty Mifananidzo
NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK, Nyamavhuvhu 21, 2021
Vezvematongerwo enyika veAmerica vari kurira nekuzvidzwa pamusoro pekukundwa kwemauto eUS kuAfghanistan. Asi kushoma kwekushoropodza kunoenda kumudzi wedambudziko, yaive sarudzo yekutanga yekupinda muchiuto nekugara Afghanistan pakutanga.
Sarudzo iyi yakatanga danho remhirizhonga nemhirizhonga izvo zvisina kuzotevera gwara reUS kana zano remauto mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, muAfghanistan, Iraq kana chero ipi nyika dzakaputika muhondo dzeAmerica dzepashure-20/9.
Vanhu vekuAmerican pavakange vachirohwa nehana vachiona mifananidzo yendege dzichirovera muzvivakwa munaGunyana 11, 2001, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld vakaita musangano muchikamu chePentagon. Undersecretary Zvinyorwa zveCambone kubva kumusangano uyu kunotsanangudza kukurumidza nekusaona vakuru veUS vakagadzirira kupinza nyika yedu kumakuva ehumambo muAfghanistan, Iraq nekupfuura.
Cambone akanyora kuti Rumsfeld aida, ”… best info fast. Tonga kuti zvakanaka here kurova SH (Saddam Hussein) panguva imwe chete - kwete UBL chete (Usama Bin Laden)… Enda muhombe. Tsvaira zvese. Zvinhu zvine chekuita kwete. ”
Saka mukati memaawa mashoma emhosva dzinotyisa muUnited States, mubvunzo wepakati wevakuru vakuru vekuUS vanga vachibvunza wanga usiri wekuvanyatsoongorora nekuita kuti vapari vemhosva vazvidavirire, asi mashandisiro ekuita ino "Pearl Harbor" nguva yekururamisa hondo, shanduko yehutongi nehondo. pasirese.
Mazuva matatu gare gare, Congress yakapa mutemo unobvumidza mutungamiri wenyika shandisa mauto "… Kurwisa nyika idzi, masangano, kana vanhu vaanofunga kuti akaronga, akapa mvumo, akazvipira, kana kubatsira kurwisa kwemagandanga kwakaitika musi waGunyana 11, 2001, kana kuchengeta masangano kana vanhu vakadaro ..."
Muna 2016, iyo Congressional Research Service Zvinonzi kuti iyi Mvumo yeKushandiswa kweMasoja Mauto (AUMF) yakanga yataurwa kuti iratidze kuita kwemauto makumi matatu nemasere munyika gumi nemana uye mugungwa. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vakaurayiwa, kuremadzwa kana kudzingwa mumabasa aya vaive vasina chekuita nemhosva dzaGunyana 37. Vatungamiriri vanoteedzana vakaramba vachinyatsorega mazwi chaiwo emvumo, izvo zvakangobvumidza kushandiswa kwesimba kune avo vanoita neimwe nzira. mune 14/11 kurwisa.
Nhengo yega yeCongress yaive nehuchenjeri uye hushingi hwekuvhota ichipesana ne2001 AUMF aive Barbara Lee wekuOakland. Lee akazvifananidza neiyo 1964 Gulf yeTonkin resolution uye akayambira vamwe vake kuti zvaizogona kushandiswa nenzira imwechete uye zvisiri pamutemo. Mashoko ekupedzisira ake kutaura kwepasi dzokorora zvekare kuburikidza neyakareba-makumi maviri-nguva kukwira kwemhirizhonga, mhirizhonga uye mhosva dzehondo zvayakaburitsa, "Sezvatinoita, ngatirege kuva huipi hwatinoshora."
Mumusangano kuCamp David vhiki iyoyo, Mutevedzeri Wemunyori Wolfowitz akataura zvine simba kurwisa Iraq, kunyangwe pamberi peAfghanistan. Bush akasimbirira kuti Afghanistan inofanirwa kuuya pakutanga, asi pachivande akapikira Defence Policy Board sachigaro Richard Perle kuti Iraq ndiyo ichave chinangwa chavo chinotevera.
Mumazuva akatevera Nyamavhuvhu 11, vezvenhau vekambani yeUS vakatevera hutungamiriri hwaBush, uye veruzhinji vakangonzwa mazwi asingawanzo, akasarudzika achibvunza kana hondo yaive mhinduro chaiyo kumhosva dzakaitwa.
Asi aimbove muchuchisi weNuremberg mhosva dzehondo Ben Ferencz akataura kuNPR (National Public Radio) vhiki rapfuura 9/11, uye akatsanangura kuti kurwisa Afghanistan kwaisangova kungwara uye kune njodzi, asi kwaisave mhinduro yechokwadi kumhosva idzi. Katra Clark weNPR akatambudzika kuti anzwisise zvaaitaura:
"Clark:
… Iwe unofunga here kuti hurukuro yekutsiva haisi mhinduro yechokwadi kurufu rwevanhu zviuru zvishanu (sic)?
Ferencz:
Haimbove mhinduro yepamutemo yekuranga vanhu vasina mhosva yezvakaipa zvakaitwa.
Clark:
Hapana ari kuti tichazoranga avo vasina mhosva.
Ferencz:
Tinofanira kuita mutsauko pakati pekuranga vane mhosva nekuranga vamwe. Kana iwe ukangotsiva en masse nekubhomba Afghanistan, ngatitii, kana maTaliban, muchauraya vanhu vazhinji vasingatendi mune zvakaitika, vasingatenderi izvo zvakaitika.
Clark:
Saka urikuti urikuona kuti hapana basa rakakodzera kumauto mune izvi.
Ferencz:
Handingati hapana rakakodzera basa, asi iro basa rinofanirwa kuenderana nezvatinofunga. Hatifanire kuvarega vauraye misimboti yedu panguva imwechete ivo vachiuraya vanhu vedu. Uye kwedu misimboti kuremekedza mutemo. Kwete kubhadharira upofu uye kuuraya vanhu nekuti takapofumadzwa nemisodzi yedu nehasha. ”
Ngoma yehondo yakazadza masaisai, ichimonyanisa 9/11 kuita rondedzero ine simba yekuparadzira kutya kwehugandanga uye kururamisa kufora kuenda kuhondo. Asi vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerican vakagovana zvakachengetedzwa naMumiriri Barbara Lee na Ben Ben mushure mechizvarwa kutsigira uye purofiti kubva Hondo dzeAmerica, coups uye militarism.
Musi waSeptember 28, 2001, iyo Socialist Anoshanda webhusaiti yakaburitswa zvinyorwa nevanyori gumi nevashanu nevamiriri pasi pemusoro unoti, "Sei tichiti kwete kuhondo neruvengo." Ivo vaisanganisira Noam Chomsky, iyo Revolutionary Association yeVakadzi veAfghanistan neni (Medea). Mashoko edu akanangana nekurwiswa kwehutongi hwaBush parusununguko rwevanhu kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, pamwe nehurongwa hwayo hwehondo kuAfghanistan.
Chalmers Johnson, mushakabvu wezvedzidzo uye munyori akanyora kuti 9/11 kwaisave kurwiswa kweUnited States asi "kurwisa mutemo wezvekunze weUS." Edward Herman akafanotaura "kukuvara kwevanhu vazhinji." Matt Rothschild, mupepeti we The Progressive , yakanyora kuti, "Kune munhu wese asina mhosva Bush anouraya muhondo iyi, magandanga mashanu kana gumi achamuka." Ini (Medea) ndakanyora kuti "kupindurwa nemauto kunongogadzira ruvengo rwakanangana neUS rwakatangisa ugandanga pakutanga."
Ongororo yedu yaive yechokwadi uye zvataifungidzira zvaive zvekufungidzira. Isu tinozvininipisa tinotumira kuti vezvenhau uye vezvematongerwo enyika vatange kuteerera mazwi erunyararo nehutsanana pane kunyepa, vanonyengera vanopisa.
Izvo zvinotungamira kumatambudziko akaita sehondo yeUS muAfghanistan hakusi kusavapo kwemazwi anopikisa anorwa nehondo asi kuti hurongwa hwedu hwezvematongerwo enyika nevezvenhau vanowanzoisa kuregedza nekuregeredza manzwi akafanana neaBarbara Lee, Ben Ferencz nesu pachedu.
Izvo hazvisi nekuti isu takakanganisa uye manzwi ekurwa avanoteerera ari echokwadi. Ivo vanotimisikidza isu chaizvo nekuti isu takarurama uye ivo vari kukanganisa, uye nekuti zvakakomba, zvine hungwaru kukakavara pamusoro pehondo, runyararo uye mari yemauto zvaigona kukanganisa vamwe vane simba kwazvo nehuwori. zvido zvinopihwa iyo inotonga nekutonga US zvematongerwo enyika pane bipartisan hwaro.
Mumatambudziko ese ezvekunze kwenyika, kuvapo kukuru kwemauto edu ekuparadza uye ngano vatungamiriri vedu vanokurudzira kuzviratidzira kuti zviumbirike mukuzvifadza uye nekumanikidza kwezvematongerwo enyika kumisa kutya kwedu uye kunyepedzera kuti kune "mhinduro" dzemauto ivo.
Kurasikirwa neVietnam Hondo yaive yakakomba chokwadi kutarisa pamiganhu yesimba remauto eUS. Sezvo vakuru vechidiki avo vakarwa muVietnam vakakwira nematanho kuve vatungamiriri vemauto eAmerica, vakaita nekuchenjerera uye chaizvo kweanotevera makore makumi maviri anotevera. Asi kupera kweCold War kwakavhura musuwo wechizvarwa chitsva chevashambadzi vaive vakatsunga kutora mari paUS post-Cold Hondo “Chikamu chemagetsi.”
Madeleine Albright akataura nezverudzi urwu ruchangobuda rwevavengi-vehondo paakatarisana naGeneral Colin Powell muna 1992 na mubvunzo wake, "Zvine basa rei kuva nemauto akanaka aya aunogara uchitaura nezvazvo kana tisingakwanise kuashandisa?"
SaMunyori weHurumende mune temu yechipiri yaClinton, Albright akagadzira iyo kutanga kwezviteedzano yekupinda zvisiri pamutemo kweUS kuveza Kosovo yakazvimirira kubva kumasarasara eYugoslavia. Munyori wezvekunze weUK, Robin Cook paakamuudza kuti hurumende yake iri "kunetsekana nemagweta edu" pamusoro pekusatendeka kwehurongwa hwehondo yeNATO, Albright akati vanofanira "tora magweta matsva. "
Mune ma1990s, maNeocon nevasununguri vanopindira vakadzora nekuisa parutivi pfungwa yekuti nzira dzisiri dzechiuto, dzisingamanikidze dzinogona kugadzirisa zvinetswa zvematongerwo enyika kunze kwekutyisidzira kwehondo kana kuuraya. sanctions. Iyi bipartisan war lobby yakabva yashandisa 9/11 kurwisa kusimbisa uye kuwedzera kwavo kutonga kweUS yekune dzimwe nyika mutemo.
Asi mushure mekushandisa mabhiriyoni emadhora uye kuuraya mamirioni avanhu, nhoroondo inosemesa yekugadzira hondo kubva kuUS kubvira Hondo Yenyika II inoramba iri marara anorwadza ekukundikana uye kukundwa, kunyangwe neayo maitiro. Hondo dzega dzakakundwa neUnited States kubva muna1945 dzave nehondo shoma dzekuwanazve nzvimbo diki dzeNeo-colonial kuGrenada, Panama neKuwait.
Nguva dzese United States painowedzera zvido zvemauto kurwisa kana kupinda munyika hombe kana dzakazvimiririra, mhedzisiro yacho yave nenjodzi kwese kwese.
Saka nyika yedu haina musoro inivhesitimendi ye66% yemari inonzwisisika yemubatanidzwa mukuparadza zvombo, uye kuunganidza nekudzidzisa vechidiki vekuAmerican kuti vazvishandise, hazviiti kuti isu tigare takachengeteka asi zvinongokurudzira vatungamiriri vedu kuburitsa mhirizhonga isina musoro uye mhirizhonga kune vavakidzani vedu pasirese.
Vazhinji vavakidzani vedu vakanzwisisa pari zvino kuti masimba aya nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika husina basa hweUS hunovachengeta pavanogona kuisa njodzi huru kurunyararo uye kuzvido zvavo democracy. Vashoma vanhu mune dzimwe nyika vanoda chero chikamu che Hondo dzeAmerica, kana Hondo Yayo Yemutsva yakamutsiridzwa neChina neRussia, uye maitiro aya anonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevamiriri venguva refu veAmerica muEurope uye mu "chivanze" chayo chekare muCanada neLatin America.
Musi waGumiguru 19, 2001, Donald Rumsfeld yakataurwa B-2 vashandi vebhomba kuWhiteman AFB kuMissouri pavakagadzirira kusimuka kuenda pasirese kuti vape kutsiva kwakashata kune vanhu vane moyo murefu muAfghanistan. Akavaudza, “Tine sarudzo mbiri. Chero isu tinoshandura mararamiro atinoita, kana isu tinofanirwa kushandura mararamiro avo. Isu tinosarudza iyo yekupedzisira. "Uye ndimi muchabatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho."
Zvino iko kudonha pamusoro pe80,000 mabhomba uye zvombo zvevanhu veAfghanistan kwemakore makumi maviri zvakatadza kuchinja mararamiro avanoita, kunze kwekuuraya mazana ezviuru zvavo uye nekuparadza dzimba dzavo, isu tinofanira kudaro, sekutaura kwaRumsfeld, shandura mararamiro atinoita.
Tinofanira kutanga nekupedzisira kuteerera kuna Barbara Lee. Kutanga, isu tinofanirwa kupasisa bhiri rake kudzima maviri epashure-9/11 AUMFs ayo akatangisa makore edu makumi maviri fiasco muAfghanistan nedzimwe hondo muIraq, Syria, Libya, Somalia neYemen.
Ipapo isu tinofanirwa kupfuudza bhiri rake kuendesa zvakare $ 350 bhiriyoni pagore kubva kubhajeti remauto eUS (ingangoita 50% yakatemwa) ku "kuwedzera masimba edu emumiriri uye nezvirongwa zvepamba zvinozo chengetedza Nyika yedu nevanhu vedu kuchengetedzeka."
Pakupedzisira kugadzirisazve muhondo yeAmerica yekunze-kwekudzora ingave mhinduro yehungwaru uye yakakodzera kukundwa kwaro kukuru muAfghanistan, zvishuwo zvakafanana zvouori zvisati zvotikwevera muhondo dzinotyisa kurwisa vavengi vanotyisa kupfuura vaTaliban.
Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
