NaAnn Wright, March 22, 2018.
Vazhinji muAmerica vanoyemura majaya nemhandara vanopinda muchiuto uye vanozviti vanoda kupa hupenyu hwavo nekuda kwezvese zvasarudzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika / hurumende zvakanakira imwe nyika - "rusununguko nedemokrasi" kune avo vasina US vhezheni yacho, kana kupidigura kuzvitonga kusingaenderane nemaonero ehutongi hweUS. Chaizvoizvo kuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeUS hazviwanzo kuve nechokuita nekuuya kweUS nekuitwa nedzimwe nyika.
Asi, zvakadini nemunhu wega wega wega anopa hupenyu hwake kuedza kudzivisa vezvematongerwe enyika / hurumende kubva pakusarudza zvakakosha kune dzimwe nyika? Ko munhu "wega" anonyanya kunetseka nevezvematongerwo enyika / hurumende zviito zvaanoda kufa kuti aite kuti vanhu vaone nezvezviito?
Chimwe chezvizivikanwe uye zvishoma zvishoma zvakazivikanwa zviito zvevanhu vega vega kubva kumakumi mashanu emakore akapfuura zvinotipa mhinduro.
Izvo tiri paVeterans for Rugare rwendo rwokuenda kuVi Viet Nam ku2014 (uye ini ndiri kune imwe vamiririri veVFP muna March 2018), nhume dzedu dzakaona mufananidzo wemufananidzo wemudzimai anozivikanwa wechiBuddhist Thich Quang Duc uyo akapisa moto muna June , 1963 mumugwagwa wakabatikana muSaigon kupikisa kudengenyeka kwehurumende yeDiem kuBuddhist mumazuva ekutanga ehondo yeAmerica kuViet Nam. Mufananidzo iwoyo wakaiswa muzvikamu zvedu zvese.
The mifananidzo kuratidzira mazana emamonki akakomberedza chikamu kuti achengetedze mapurisa kuitira kuti chisarudzo icho mumwe munhu aigona kukwanisa kupedza chibayiro chavo chizobudirira. Kuzvigadzirisa kwakava chinhu chinotendeuka mudambudziko reBuddhist uye chiito chakakosha mukuputsika kwehurumende yeDiem mumazuva ekutanga ehondo yeAmerica kuViet Nam.
Asi, iwe waiziva here kuti vazhinji veAmerica vanozviisa pamoto kuti vaedze kupedza mauto eUnited States mumakore ehondo asina kukwikwidzana mu1960s?
Handina kudaro, kusvikira veVFP vedu vakaona zvifananidzo zvinoratidzwa vevanhu vashanu veAmerica vakapa hupenyu hwavo kupikisa hondo yeAmerica kuViet Nam, pakati pevamwe vanhu vemarudzi ose vanoremekedzwa mumutauro weVietnam, kuVietnam-USA Friendship Society muHanoi. Kunyangwe vanhu ava veAmerica vakawira pasi mukusaziva munyika yavo pachavo, ivo vanozivikanwa vakafira kutenda muViam Nam, makore makumi mashanu gare gare.
Yedu 2014 nhume dzegumi nemanomwe- matanhatu eVietnam veterans, 6 Viet Nam era vets, 3 Iraq era vet uye vanomwe veruzhinji verunyararo- nevane Veterans venhengo dzerunyararo vanogara muVietnam, vakasangana nenhengo dzeViet Nam-USA Friendship Society pavari dzimbahwe muHanoi. Ndakadzokera kuViet Nam mwedzi uno (Kurume, 1) nevamwe maVeterans eRunyararo nhume. Mushure mekuona mumwe mufananidzo zvakare-uya waNorman Morrison, ndakafunga kunyora nezvevaAmerican ava vaida kupedza hupenyu hwavo mukuyedza kumisa hondo yeAmerica pavanhu veVietnam.
Chinosiyanisa maAmerica aya kuVietnam ndechekuti, sevarwi veAmerica vakanga vachiuraya chiVietnam, kune vagari vomuAmerica vakapedza upenyu hwavo pachavo kuti vaedze kuunza kutyisa kwehondo yekupinda uye basa kune veVietnam vekuAmerica kuburikidza ne kutya kwekufa kwavo pachavo.
Munhu wokutanga muUnited States akafa nokuzvizvidira mukupikisana nehondo yeVan Nam War aiva 82 ane makore ane makore anonzi Quaker Alice Herz aigara muDetroit, Michigan. Akazviisa moto mumugwagwa weDetroit muna March 16, 1965. Asati afa nekuda kwake akazopedza mazuva gumi gare gare, Alice akati akazviisa pamoto kuti aratidze "mutambo wezvombo uye mutungamiri achishanda nehofisi yake yakakwirira kuti aparadze marudzi maduku."
Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare munaNovember 2, 1965, Norman Morrison, ane makore makumi matatu nerimwe Quaker anobva kuBaltimore, baba vevana vatatu vadiki, akafa nekuzvidzivirira paPentagon. Morrison akanzwa kuti kuratidzira kwetsika kurwisa hondo kwainge kwaita zvishoma kupedza hondo uye akafunga kuti kuzvimisikidza moto paPentagon kunogona kuunganidza vanhu vakaringana kumanikidza hurumende yeUnited States kuti irege kupinda muViet Nam. Sarudzo yaMorrison yekuzvidzivirira yaive yakanyanya kufananidzira nekuti yakatevera sarudzo yemutungamiri Johnson yekupa mvumo yekushandisa napalm muVietnam, gel rinopisa rinonamira paganda uye rinonyungudika nyama. https://web.archive.org/web/ 20130104141815/http://www. wooster.edu/news/releases/ 2009/august/welsh
Sezviri pachena, asina kuziva Morrison, akasarudza kuzviisa moto pasi pePentagon window yeChinyorwa cheZvondo Robert McNamara.
Makore makumi matatu gare gare mu 1995 memoir yake, Muna Retrospect: Njodzi Mukudzidziswa kweVietnam, Munyori Wezvokudzivirira Robert McNamara wakarangarira rufu rwaMorrison:
“Kuratidzira kweAnwarwar kwanga kuri kwangoitika uye kwakaganhurirwa kusvika panguva ino uye hakuna kumanikidza kutariswa. Zvino kwakauya masikati aNovember 2, 1965. Panguva yemadekwana musi iwoyo, Quaker mudiki anonzi Norman R. Morrison, baba vevatatu uye mukuru weStony Run Shamwari Musangano muBaltimore, akazvipisa kusvika pakufa mukati memamita makumi mana ewindo rangu rePentagon. . Rufu rwaMorrison yaive nhamo kwete chete kumhuri yake asiwo kwandiri munyika. Kwaive kuchema kupokana nekuuraya kwaiparadza hupenyu hwevazhinji veVietnamese nevechidiki veAmerica.
Ini ndakaita kune kutyisa kwechiito chake nekuvhara manzwiro angu uye ndikadzivisa kutaura nezvavo nemumwe munhu-kunyangwe nemhuri yangu. Ini ndaiziva (mudzimai wake) Marge nevana vedu vatatu vakagovana akawanda manzwiro aMorrison nezvehondo. Uye ini ndaitenda kuti ndinonzwisisa uye ndogovana dzimwe pfungwa dzake. "Chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kusagadzikana kumba uko kwakazowedzera apo kushoropodzwa kwehondo kwakaramba kuchikura."
Musati memoir yake In Retrospect rakaburitswa, mune chinyorwa cha1992 muNewsweek, McNamara akange anyora vanhu kana zviitiko zvakange zvakakanganisa kubvunza kwake nezvehondo. Chimwe chezviitiko izvi, McNamara akataura se "kufa kwechidiki cheQuaker."
Vhiki rimwe chete mushure mekufa kwaNorman Morrison, Roger La Porte, ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri, mushandi wechiKaturike, akava muratidziri wechitatu wehondo kutora hupenyu hwake. Akafa nekutsva kwakatambura kuburikidza nekuzvimisikidza musi waNovember 22, 9 paUnited Nations Plaza muNew York City. Akasiya tsamba yainge yakanyorwa kuti, “I am against war, all wars. Ndakaita izvi sekunamata. ”
Izvi zvitatu zvakaurayiwa muna 1965 zvakagadzira varwi vehondo kuti vatange mavhesi evhiki ne White House neCongress. Uye vhiki imwe neimwe, vaQuaker vakasungwa pamatanho eKapitori sezvo vachiverenga mazita eAmerica afa, maererano naDavid Hartsough, mumwe wevakashanyira kurwendo rwedu rwe2014 VFP.
Hartsough, uyo akabatanidzwa mukurwisana nehondo hondo makumi mashanu apfuura, akatsanangura kuti vakaita sei kuti dzimwe nhengo dzeCongress dzibatane navo. Congressman George Brown kubva kuCalifornia akava mutevedzeri wokutanga weCongress kupikisa hondo pamatanho eCongress. Mushure mokunge vaQuaker vakasungwa uye vakaiswa mujeri nokuda kwekuverenga mazita ehondo yakafa, Brown vaizoenderera mberi kuverenga mazita, vachifarira Congressional immunity kubva musungwa.
Makore maviri gare gare, muna Gumiguru 15, 1967, Florence Beaumont, anemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu amai veUunitarian mai vevaviri, akazvimisikidza moto pamberi peFederal Building muLos Angeles. Murume wake George akazoti, "Florence aive nemanzwiro akadzama pamusoro pekupondwa muVietnam… Aive munhu kwaye, akazvipira, uye akanzwa kuti aifanira kuita izvi sevaya vakazvipisa muVietnam. Iyo barbarous napalm inopisa miviri yevana veVietnamese yakamisa mweya yevose avo, saFlorence Beaumont, vasina mvura yechando yeropa, mabwe emoyo. Mutambo waishandiswa naFlorence kubata mbatya dzake dzakanyoroveswa nepeturu wakabatidza moto usingadzime- chero- moto uri pasi pedu usingagutsikane, uchinyemwerera katsi dzakakora dzakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka mumatura edu enzou mamaira zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe kubva kuputika napalm, uye IZVI, isu tine chokwadi, ndicho chinangwa cheichi chiito. ”
Makore matatu gare gare, muna Chivabvu 10, 1970, ane makore makumi maviri nematatu George Winne, Jr., mwanakomana weNavy Captain uye mudzidzi paUniversity yeCalifornia, San Diego akazvimisikidza moto paYunivhesiti Revelle Plaza padyo nechiratidzo iyo yakati "Muzita raMwari, gumisa hondo iyi." https://sandiegofreepress.org/2017/05/ george-winne-peace-vietnam- war/
Rufu rwaWinne rwakauya mazuva matanhatu chete mushure mekunge Ohio National Guard yapfura muboka revaratidzi vevadzidzi veKent State University, vachiuraya vana nekukuvadza vapfumbamwe, panguva yekuratidzira kukuru munhoroondo yedzidzo yepamusoro yeAmerica.
Pamusangano wedu we2014 pahofisi yeVietnam-USA Friendship Society muHanoi, David Hartsough vakapa Mutungamiri Muchiedza, bhuku rakanyorwa naAnn Morrison, chirikadzi yaNorman Morrison, kuna Ambassador Chin, Ambassador Chinokunda muUnited Nations kuUnited Nations uye zvino mukuru weSosaiti. Hartsough akaverengawo tsamba kubva kuna Ann Morrison kuenda kuvanhu veVietnam.
https://www.amazon.com/Held- Light-Morrisons-Sacrifice- Familys/dp/1570758026
Ambassador Chin vakapindura nekuudza boka kuti chiito chaNorman Morrison nevamwe veMamerica mukupedzisa upenyu hwavo chinorangarirwa zvakanaka nevanhu veVietnam. Akawedzera kuti mwana wechikoro wekuVietnamese anodzidza rwiyo uye nhetembo yakanyorwa nemudetembi wechiVietnam Tố Hữu anonzi "Emily, Mwana Wangu" akazvitsaurira kumwanasikana muduku uyo Morrison ainge akabata nguva pfupi asati apisa moto paPentagon. Nhetembo inoyeuchidza Emily kuti baba vake vakafa nokuti vaifunga kuti vaifanira kurwisana nenzira inonyanya kuonekwa yekufa kwevana veVietnam vari mumaoko ehurumende yeUnited States.
Kutsiva Revolutions
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, vanhu vakapedza hupenyu hwavo kuti vaise pfungwa kune dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha. Muvhuro weArabhu wakatanga musi waDecember 10, 2010 ane 26 wemakore wemakore mumugwagwa weTanisian ainzi Mohamed Bouazizi achizviisa pamoto mushure mokunge mupurisa akatora zvokudya zvake mumugwagwa. Akanga ari iye oga anopa zvokudya zvemhuri yake uye aifanira kugara achipa chibharo mapurisa kuitira kuti atange motokari yake.
Kufa kwake kwakaita kuti vagari veMiddle East vose vapedze hurumende dzavo dzinodzvinyirira. Dzimwe hurumende dzakamanikidzwa nesimba kubva kune vagari vemo, kusanganisira Mutungamiri weTunisian Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, uyo akanga atonga nesimbi yesimbi yeC23 makore.
Kana Kuregererwa Sekusingaiti Mabasa
MuUnited States, zviito zvehana zvakadai sekutora hupenyu hwako nokuda kwechikonzero chinoshamisa kune mumwe munhu chinoonekwa sechinhu chisina musoro uye hurumende uye nhau dzinoderedza kukosha kwayo.
Kune chizvarwa chino, apo zviuru zvevagari veUnited States vakasungwa uye vazhinji vanoshumira nguva mumajeri ehurumende kana mapurisa ehurumende kupikisa mitemo yehurumende yeUnited States, munaApril, 2015, wechiduku Leo Thornton akabatana nevakadzi vashomanana asi vashoma vanoverengeka nevarume vakasarudza kupera pachena upenyu hwavo mune tariro yekuunza hurumende yevanhu veAmerica kuchinja mazano eUnited States.
Musi waApril 13, 2015, Leo Thornton, 22 wemakore, akazviuraya nepfuti paWest Lawn yeUnited States Capitol. Akanga asungirirwa pfumo rake chivharo chakange chichiverenga "Mutero we 1%." Chiito chake chehana chakakosha here kuWashington-White House kana US Congress? Nhamo, kwete.
Vhiki inotevera, Dare reVamiririri rinotungamirirwa neRepublican rakapedza mutemo waizobvisa mutero wemunharaunda unoshanda chete kune yepamusoro 1% yezvivako. Uye hapana zvakataurwa naLobert Thornton, uye chisarudzo chokugumisa hupenyu hwake pamusoro pemitero isina kukwana, yakaonekwa mumashupiti kutiyeuchidza kuti akapedzisa hupenyu hwake mukupesana nechimwe chikamu chemitemo inofadza kune vapfumi.
Makore mashanu apfuura, muna Gumiguru 2013, veteran weVietnam ane makore makumi matanhatu nemana John Constantino akazvimisira moto paWashington, DC mall yenyika- zvakare nezvechimwe chinhu chaaitenda. Chapupu chakaona kufa kwaConstantino akati Constantino akataura nezve "kodzero dzekuvhota" kana "Kodzero dzekuvhota." Mumwewo chapupu akati akapa "salute inopinza" akananga kuCapitol asati azvibatidza moto. Mumwe muvakidzani akasvikirwa nemutori wenhau weko akati Constantino akatenda kuti hurumende "haina hanya nesu uye havana basa nechinhu kunze kwehomwe dzavo chete."
Vapepanhau havana kutsvaga zvakare pane zvakanakira kuti Constantino atore hupenyu hwake munzvimbo inowanikwa vanhu mumutungamiri wenyika.
NezveMunyori: Ann Wright akashumira makore e29 muUnited States Army / Army Reserves uye akasiya basa seColonel. Akashandawo makore e16 sehurumende yeUnited States muAmerica Embassies muNicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan neMongolia. Akasiya hurumende yeUnited States muna March, 2003 mukupikisa hondo yeIraq. Ndiye munyori wekunyengera: Voices of Conscience.
