Nei South Africa Yakaunganidzwa MuTurkey Hondo Mhosva?

NaTerry Crawford-Browne, Mbudzi 5, 2020

Kunyangwe ichiverengera isingasvike muzana muzana yekutengeserana kwepasirese, bhizinesi rehondo rave kufungidzirwa kuverengerwa makumi mana kusvika makumi mana muzana muzana yehuwori hwepasirese. Iyi fungidziro inoshamisa ye40 kusvika ku45 muzana inouya kubva - yenzvimbo dzese - iyo Central Intelligence Agency (iyo CIA) kuburikidza neUS department reCommerce.    

Uori hwekutengesa zvombo hunoenda kumusoro - kuna Prince Charles naPrince Andrew kuEngland uye kuna Bill naHillary Clinton paakanga ari Secretary of State weAmerica mukutonga kwaObama. Izvo zvinosanganisirawo, nemaoko mashoma, nhengo yese yeUS Congress zvisinei nebato rezvematongerwo enyika. Mutungamiri Dwight Eisenhower muna 1961 vakayambira pamusoro pemhedzisiro yezvavakati "chivakwa chemauto-maindasitiri-kongiresi."

Pasi pekunyepedzera kwe "kuchengetedza America yakachengeteka," mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora anoshandiswa pazvombo zvisina basa. Kuti US yakundwa nehondo dzese dzavakarwa kubva Hondo yechipiri yePasirese hazvina basa sekureba sekunge mari ichiyerera ichienda kuna Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing uye zviuru zvevamwe makondirakiti emaoko, pamwe nemabhangi nemakambani emafuta. 

Kubva Hondo yeYom Kippur muna1973, OPEC oiri yakadzvanywa mumadhora ekuUS chete. Zvinoreva pasirese izvi zvakanyanya. Kwete chete iyo yepasi rose iri kupa mari kuhondo yeUS nemabhengi masisitimu, asiwo chiuru chimwe chemauto eUS kutenderera pasirese - chinangwa chavo chiri chekuona kuti US inongova nezana muzana muzana yevagari vepasi rose inogona kuchengetedza US mauto nehupfumi hegemony . Uyu makumi maviri nerimwest kusiyana kwezana ramakore rehutongerwe enyika.

IUS yakashandisa US $ 5.8 trillion kungoita zvombo zvenyukireya kubva 1940 kusvika kupera kweCold War mu1990 uye ikozvino iri kufunga kushandisa imwe US ​​$ 1.2 tiririyoni kuivandudza.  Donald Trump akataura mu2016 kuti "achadurura dongo" muWashington. Pane kudaro, panguva yake yekutarisa kwemutungamiri wenyika, iwo musango wakadzikira kuita cesspit, sezvakaratidzwa nemaoko ake anobata nevadzvinyiriri veSaudi Arabia, Israel neUAE.

Julian Assange parizvino akapfigirwa mutirongo rekuchengetedza zvakanyanya muEngland. Anotarisana nekudzoserwa kuUS uye kuiswa mutirongo kwemakore 175 nekufumura mhosva dzehondo dzeUS neBritish muIraq, Afghanistan nedzimwe nyika mushure me9 / 11. Icho chiratidzo chengozi dzekufumura huwori hwebhizimusi rehondo.   

Pasi pekufungidzira kwe "chengetedzo yenyika," iwo makumi mavirith zana remakore rakava reropa kupfuura mamwe ose munhoroondo. Isu tinoudzwa kuti izvo zvinotsanangurwa se "kudzivirira" ingori inishuwarenzi. Muchokwadi, bhizinesi rehondo riri kunze-kwekudzora. 

Nyika parizvino inoshandisa inenge US $ 2 tiririyoni pagore kugadzirira zvehondo. Huwori pamwe nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu zvinogara zvakabatana. Muinonzi "nyika yechitatu," pari zvino pane mamirioni makumi manomwe evapoteri vapererwa uye vanhu vakasiya misha kusanganisira mazera akarasika evana. Kana iyo inonzi "yekutanga nyika" isingade vapoteri, inofanira kurega kumutsa hondo muAsia, Africa neLatin America. Mhinduro yacho iri nyore.

Pane chidimbu cheiyo US $ 2 trillion, pasi rose rinogona kubhadhara mari yekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kupedza hurombo, dzidzo, hutano, simba rinowedzerwazve uye nezvimwe zvine chekuita nenyaya dzekuchengetedza vanhu. Ini ndinotenda kuti kuendesa zvakare kushandisa mari kwehondo kune zvibereko zvinofanirwa kuve kukoshesa kwepasirese kwenguva yepashure peCovid.

Makore zana apfuura nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga mu1914, Winston Churchill akaisa pamberi kuputswa kweHurumende yeOttoman, iyo yaive yakabatana neGerman. Oiri yaive yawanikwa muPersia (Iran) muna 1908 iyo hurumende yeBritain yaive yakatsunga kudzora. MaBritish aive akatsunga zvakaenzana kuvhara Germany kubva mukuwana simba kuMesopotamiya (Iraq) yakavakidzana, uko mafuta akange awanikwawo asi asati ashandiswa.

Yepashure pehondo Versailles kutaurirana kwerunyararo pamwe ne1920 Chibvumirano cheSevres pakati peBritain, France neTurkey chaisanganisira kuzivikanwa kwezvikumbiro zveKurdish zvenyika yakazvimirira. Mepu yakaisa miganhu yechinguvana yeKurdistan kusanganisira nzvimbo dzine vanhu veKurdish veAnatolia kumabvazuva kweTurkey, kuchamhembe kweSyria neMesopotamia pamwe nenzvimbo dzekumadokero dzePersia.

Makore matatu chete gare gare, Britain yakasiya izvo zvisungo kuKurdish kuzvitonga. Chinangwa chayo mukutaurirana Chibvumirano cheLausanne chaifanira kusanganisira post-Ottoman Turkey senzvimbo yekurwisa komisheni yeSoviet Union. 

Chimwezve chikonzero chaive chekuti kusanganisira maKurds muIraq ichangobva kugadzirwa zvaizobatsirawo kuenzanisa hutongi hwemaShia. Kushushikana kweBritish kupamba mafuta eMiddle East kwakatungamira pane zvido zveKurdish. Kufanana nevaPalestine, maKurds vakave vanobatwa nehunyanzvi hweBritish uye humiriri hwekudyidzana.

Pakazosvika pakati pa1930, bhizinesi rehondo rakanga richigadzirira Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Rheinmetall yakanga yagadzwa muna1889 yekugadzira zvombo zvehumambo hweGerman, uye yakawedzeredzwa zvakanyanya munguva yeNazi apo zviuru zvevaranda vechiJuda vakamanikidzwa kushanda nekufira mumafekitori emhando dzeRheinmetall kuGerman nePoland.  Kunyangwe iyo nhoroondo, Rheinmetall akatenderwa kutangazve kugadzira kwayo zvombo muna 1956.  

Turkey yakanga yave nhengo ine hunyanzvi yeNATO. Churchill yaive isina vanhu apo paramende yedemokrasi yeIran yakavhota kuti iite mafuta eIran. Nerubatsiro rweCIA, Mutungamiriri Mohammad Mossadegh akabviswa pachigaro muna 1953. Iran yakava yekutanga yeCIA mumakesi anofungidzirwa makumi masere e "shanduko yehutongi," uye Shah akazova mutungamiriri weAmerica kuMiddle East.  Mhedzisiro yacho ichiri nesu.  

Sangano reUnited Nations Security Council muna 1977 rakasarudza kuti rusaruraganda muSouth Africa rwaityisidzira runyararo nekuchengetedzeka kwenyika dzese, ndokumisikidza mvumo yezvombo. Mukupindura, hurumende yerusaruro yakashandisa mazana emabhiriyoni erandi pazvirango.  

Israel, Britain, France, US nedzimwe nyika dzakaramba kurambidzwa. Mari yese yakashandiswa pazvombo nehondo muAngola zvakakundikana kudzivirira rusaruraganda asi, zvinoshamisira, zvakakurumidza kupunzika kwayo kuburikidza nemushandirapamwe wemabhengi epasirose. 

Nerutsigiro rweCIA, International Signal Corporation yakapa South Africa tekinoroji yazvino. Israel yakapa tekinoroji yezvombo zvenyukireya uye drones. Mukutyora mutemo weGerman wekutumira zvombo kunze kwenyika pamwe nemubvumo wemaoko weUN, Rheinmetall muna 1979 yakatumira chirimwa chakazara kuBoskop kunze kwePotchefstroom. 

Iranian Revolution muna 1979 yakapidigura hutongi hwaShah. Makore anodarika makumi mana akatevera hurumende dzakateerana dzeUS dzichiri kupokana nezveIran, uye dzichine chinangwa chekuchinja hutongi. Hutungamiriri hweReagan hwakasimudzira makore masere ehondo pakati peIraq neIran muma40 mukuyedza kudzosera shanduko yeIran. 

IUS yakakurudzirawo nyika zhinji - kusanganisira South Africa neGerman - kuendesa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvombo kuSaddam Hussein's Iraq. Nechinangwa ichi, Ferrostaal akazova murongi weGerman war consortium inosanganisira Salzgitter, MAN, Mercedes Benz, Siemens, Thyssens, Rheinmetall nevamwe kugadzira zvese muIraq kubva pafotereza yekurima kusvika parocket rocket, uye zvombo zvemakemikari.

Zvichakadaro, iyo fekitori yeRheinmetall kuBoskop yanga ichishanda siku nesikati ichipa zvombo zvemauto eSouth Africa zvakagadzira nekuburitsa zvombo zveG5. Armscor's G5 artillery pakutanga yaive yakagadzirirwa neCanada, Gerald Bull uye yaive yakagadzirirwa kuendesa chero ehunyanzvi nhandare yehondo yenyukireya kana, neimwe nzira, zvombo zvemakemikari. 

Isati yatanga shanduko, Iran yakanga yaendesa zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvemafuta eSouth Africa asi zvigadzirwa izvi zvakatemwa muna 90. Iraq yakabhadhara zvombo zveSouth Africa nemafuta aidiwa kwazvo. Kutengesa zvombo-kwe-oiri pakati peSouth Africa neIraq zvaisvika US $ 1979 bhiriyoni.

Nerubatsiro rwekunze (kusanganisira Chamhembe Afrika), Iraq na1987 yakanga yagadzira chirongwa chayo chekusimudzira zvombo uye yaigona kuburitsa zvombo zvinokwanisa kusvika Tehran. VaIraqis vakashandisa zvombo zvemakemikari kurwisa maIranani kubva 1983, asi muna 1988 vakavasunungura vachirwisa maKurdish-Iraqi avo Saddam vakapomera kubatsirana nevaIran. Timmerman zvinyorwa:

“Muna Kurume 1988 zvikomo zvisina kujeka zvakakomberedza taundi reKurd reHalabja rakanzwika nekutinhira kwemakomba. Boka revatori venhau rakasimuka rakananga kudivi reHalabja. Mumigwagwa yeHalabja, iyo munguva dzakajairika yaiverenga 70 000 vagari, yakanga yakazara nemitumbi yevagari vemo vakabatwa apo vaiedza kutiza kubva kune rimwe denda rinotyisa.

Vakange vaiswa gasi nekombiyamu yehydrogen iyo maIraq aive agadzira nerubatsiro rweimwe kambani yeGerman. Mumiriri mutsva werufu, akagadzirwa mumabasa egasi reSamarra, anga akafanana negasi rine muchetura raishandiswa nevaNazi kutsakatisa maJuda makore anodarika makumi mana apfuura. ”

Kumukira kwepasirese, kusanganisira muUS Congress, kwakabatsira kupedzisa hondo iyoyo. Mutori wenhau weWashington Post, Patrick Tyler uyo akashanyira Halabja achangorwiswa akafungidzira kuti vanhu zviuru zvishanu vechiKurd vaparara. Tyler anoti:

“Kupera kwemakwikwi emakore masere hakuna kuunza runyararo kuMiddle East. Iran, seGerman yakakundwa kuVersailles, yanga ichichengeta zvichemo zvakawandisa pamusoro paSaddam, maArabu, Ronald Reagan, neWest. Iraq yakapedza hondo sesimba repamusorosoro rakashongedzerwa meno nekuchiva kukuru. ” 

Inofungidzirwa kuti maKurds eIraq 182 000 akafa panguva yekutonga kwaSaddam. Mushure mekufa kwake, nzvimbo dzeKurdish dzekuchamhembe kweIraq dzakazvitonga asi dzisina kuzvimiririra. VaKurds muIraq neSyria vakazove izvo chaizvo zvinangwa zveISIS izvo, zvakanyanya, zvaive zvakagadzirwa nezvombo zvekuba zveUS.  Panzvimbo pemauto eIraq neUS, yaive Kurdish peshmerga yakazokunda ISIS.

Tichifunga nhoroondo inonyadzisa yaRheinmetall munguva yeNazi, mukushora kurambidzwa kwemaoko kweUN pamwe nekubatanidzwa muSaddam muIraq, zvinoramba zvisingatsanangurike kuti hurumende yeSouth Africa yapashure pehutongi mu2008 yakabvumidza Rheinmetall kutora 51 muzana yekugovana migove muDenel Munitions, yava kunzi Rheinmetall Denel Munitions (RDM).

RDM inotungamirwa nefekitori yeArmscor yaimbove yeSomchem munzvimbo yeMacassar yeSomerset West, mimwe michero yayo mitatu iri kuBoskop, Boksburg neWellington. Seizvo Rheinmetall Kudzivirirwa - Misika uye Strategic, 2016 gwaro rinoratidza, Rheinmetall nemaune inowana kugadzirwa kwayo kunze kweGerman kuitira kuti ipfuure mitemo yeGerman yekutengesa zvombo.

Panzvimbo pekupa izvo South Africa zvainoda "kuzvidzivirira", ingangoita 85 muzana yezvigadzirwa zveRMM ndezvekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Kunzwikwa kuKomisheni yeZondo yeKubvunzurudza kwakasimbisa kuti Denel ndiye mumwe wevanonyanya kutarisirwa veGupta Brothers "state capture" rangano. 

Pamusoro pekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwemunitions, RDM dhizaini uye inoisa mafekitori enhumbi kune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya kusanganisira Saudi Arabia neEjipitori, mbiri dzinozivikanwa nehutsinye hwekodzero dzevanhu. Defenceweb muna 2016 yakashuma:

“Saudi Arabia Mauto Maindasitiri akavhura fekitori yezvombo yakavakwa pamwe chete neRheinmetall Denel Munitions mumhemberero dzakapindwa neMutungamiri Jacob Zuma.

VaZuma vakaenda kuSaudi Arabia kwekushanya kwezuva rimwe musi wa27 Kurume, sekureva kweSaudi Press Agency, iyo yakazivisa kuti yakavhura fekitori pamwe chete neMutevedzeri weKrown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

Iyo nyowani nzvimbo iri al-Kharj (77 kms kumaodzanyemba kweRiyadh) inokwanisa kuburitsa 60, 81 uye 120 mm maturi, 105 uye 155mm zvombo zvehondo uye mabhomba ndege anorema kubva pa500 kusvika 2000 mapaundi. Nzvimbo iyi inotarisirwa kuburitsa makomba mazana matatu kana mazana matanhatu ematope pazuva.

"Chivakwa ichi chinoshanda pasi peSaudi Arabian Maindasitiri Emabhizimusi asi chakavakwa nerubatsiro rweRheinmetall Denel Munitions yekuSouth Africa, iyo yakapihwa mari inoita US $ 240 miriyoni pamabasa ayo."

Kutevera kupindira kwemauto eSaudi neUAE mu2015, Yemen yakatambura nenjodzi yenyika yakaipisisa. Mishumo yeHuman Rights Watch muna 2018 na2019 yakataura kuti maererano nemitemo yenyika dzepasi rose dzinoramba dzichipa zvombo kuSaudi Arabia zvine mutsindo muhondo dzehondo.

Chikamu chegumi nemashanu cheNational Conventional Arms Control Act chinoti South Africa haizotengesa kunze kwenyika zvombo zvinoshandisa kodzero dzevanhu, kumatunhu ari kurwisana, uye kune nyika dzakatemerwa zvirango zvepasi rose. Zvinonyadzisa, izvo zvinopihwa hazvimanikidzwa 

Saudi Arabia neUAE ndivo vaive vatengi vakuru veRMM kudzamara hasha dzepasi rose pamusoro pekupondwa kwemutori wenhau weSaudi Jamal Khashoggi muna Gumiguru 2019 dzakazokonzeresa NCACC "kumisa" izvo zvekutengesa kunze. Zvinotaridza sekuti havazivi kubatana kwayo ne Saudi / UAE mhosva dzehondo muYemen nedambudziko revanhu imomo, RDM isina kugunun'una pamusoro pemabasa akarasika muSouth Africa.  

Pamwechete nekubudirira uku, hurumende yeGerman yakarambidza kutengeswa kwezvombo kuTurkey. Turkey inobatanidzwa muhondo muSyria neLibhiya asiwo mukutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu veKurdish veTurkey, Syria, Iraq neIran. Mukutyora UN Charter nezvimwe zviridzwa zvemutemo wepasi rese, Turkey mu2018 yakanga yarwisa Afrin munzvimbo dzeKurdish kuchamhembe kweSyria. 

Kunyanya, maGerman ainetseka kuti zvombo zveGerman zvinogona kushandiswa kurwisa nharaunda dzeKurdish muSyria. Kunyangwe paine kutsamwa kwepasirese izvo zvaisanganisira iyo US Congress, Mutungamiri Trump muna Gumiguru 2019 akapa Turkey kuenda-mberi kunotora kuchamhembe kweSyria. Kwadzinogara, hurumende iripo yeTurkey inoona maKurd ese se "magandanga." 

Nharaunda yeKurdish muTurkey ine zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvevanhu. Iine vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuva mamirioni gumi nemashanu, ndiro dzinza rakakura kwazvo munyika. Asi mutauro weKurdish wakadzvanywa, uye zvivakwa zveKurd zvakatorwa. Zviuru zvevaKurds zvinonzi mumakore achangopfuura vakaurayiwa mukukonana neuto reTurkey. Mutungamiri Erdogan anoita kunge ane vavariro dzekuzvisimbisa semutungamiri weMiddle East nekupfuura.

Vandinoshamwaridzana navo kuMacassar vakandiudza muna Kubvumbi 2020 kuti RDM yakanga yakabatikana pachibvumirano chikuru chekutumira kunze kwenyika kuTurkey. Kubhadhara kumiswa kwekutumirwa kunze kwenyika kuSaudi Arabia neUAE asiwo nekuzvidza kurambidzwa kweGerman, RDM yaive ichipa matomu kuTurkey kubva kuSouth Africa.

Tichifunga nezvezvisungo zveNCACC, ndakaudza Gurukota Jackson Mthembu, Gurukota muHurezidhendi, uye Gurukota Naledi Pandor, Gurukota Rezvehukama Hwenyika Dzepasi Pose pamwe chete. Mthembu naPandor, zvichiteerana, ndivo sachigaro uye mutevedzeri wasachigaro weNCACC. Kunyangwe paine Covid-19 yekuvharisa kwendege, ndege nhanhatu dzendege dzeTurkey A400M dzakamhara kuCape Town airport pakati paApril 30 naMay 4 kusimudzira zvombo zveRMM. 

Mazuva chete gare gare, Turkey yakatanga kurwisa kwayo muLibya. Turkey yave zvakare ichipa ruoko kuAzerbaijan, iyo parizvino iri kuita hondo neArmenia. Zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa muDaily Maverick uye Independent Newspaper zvakamutsa mibvunzo muParamende, umo Mthembu akatanga ataura kuti iye:

"Vanga vasingazive kuti kune nyaya dzine chekuita neTurkey dzakange dzataurwa muNCACC, saka vakaramba vachizvipira kubvumidza zvombo zvakarairwa zviri pamutemo nehurumende ipi neipi. "Zvisinei, dai zvombo zveSouth Africa zvakataurwa nenzira ipi zvayo kuva muSyria kana Libya, zvingave zvakanakira nyika kuongorora uye kuziva kuti vakasvika sei ikoko, uye ndiani akanganisa kana kutsausa NCACC."

Mazuva apfuura, Gurukota rezveDziviriro nemaVeterans vemauto, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula akazivisa kuti NCACC inotungamirwa naMthembu yakanga yabvumidza kutengeswa kuTurkey, uye:

“Hapana chinotadzisa mutemo kutengesa neTurkey maererano nezvatinoita. Panyaya yezvipo zvechiito, panogara paine ongororo nekungwarira usati wapa mvumo. Nokuti ikozvino hapana chinotitadzisa kubva kutengesa neTurkey. Hakuna kana kurambidzwa kwemaoko. ”

Tsananguro yemumiriri weTurkey yekuti zvombo izvi zvaifanira kushandiswa kungodzidzira hazvibvumike. Zviripachena kuti fungidziro dzekuti RDM munitions yakashandiswa muLibya panguva yekurwisa kweTurkey kurwisa Haftar, uye pamwe zvakare nekuSyria Kurds. Kubva ipapo ndakaramba ndichikumbira tsananguro, asi pane runyararo kubva kuhofisi yeMutungamiri pamwe neDIRCO. Tichifunga huwori hwakabatana nekutengesa zvombo kweSouth Africa nekutengesa zvombo kazhinji, mubvunzo uri pachena unosara: ndedzipi pfumbamuromo dzakapihwa naani uye kunaani kuti vape mvumo dzendege idzodzo? Zvichakadaro, pane runyerekupe pakati pevashandi veRMM kuti Rheinmetall iri kuronga kuvhara nekuti izvozvi zvavharirwa kutumira kuMiddle East.  

NeGerman yakarambidza kutengesa zvombo kuTurkey, iyo Bundestag yeGerman pamwe neUN yakaronga misangano yeruzhinji gore rinouya kuti vaongorore kuti makambani eGerman akaita seRheinmetall nemaune anodarika sei zviga zveGerman zvekutumira zvombo nekutsvaga zvigadzirwa munyika dzakaita seSouth Africa uko mutemo we mutemo hauna simba.

Apo Secretary General weUN António Guterres munaKurume 2020 akakurudzira kumiswa kweCovid, South Africa yaive mumwe wevatsigiri vake vepakutanga. Ndege nhanhatu idzo dzeTurkey A400M munaKubvumbi naMay dzinoratidza hunyengeri hwakajeka uye hwakadzokororwa pakati pezvisungo zveSouth Africa zvepamutemo nezviri pamutemo.  

Achiratidzawo kupokana kwakadai, Ebrahim Ebrahim, aimbova Mutevedzeri wegurukota reDIRCO, vhiki rino rapfuura akaburitsa vhidhiyo ichidaidzira kuti mutungamiriri weKurdish, Abdullah Ocalan, uyo anonzi "Mandela weMiddle East."

Mutungamiri Nelson Mandela sezviri pachena akapa hupoteri hweOcalan muSouth Africa. Achiri kuKenya achienda kuSouth Africa, Ocalan akabiwa muna 1999 nevamiriri veTurkey nerubatsiro kubva kuCIA neIsrael Mossad, uye zvino akaiswa mutirongo kweupenyu hwese muTurkey. Tinogona here kufungidzira kuti Ebrahim yakapihwa mvumo naMinister neHurumende kuti ibudise vhidhiyo?

Mavhiki maviri apfuura pakuyeuka makumi manomwe neshanuth chiitiko cheUN, Guterres akadzokorora:

“Ngatiuyei pamwe chete uye tione muono wedu pamwe chete wenyika iri nani ine runyararo nechiremerera kune vese. Ino ndiyo nguva yekukwira-kukwidziridzwa kwerunyararo kuti uwane kugumisa kwepasirese. Nguva irikutamba. 

Ino ndiyo nguva yemubatanidzwa mutsva wekusimudzira runyararo uye kuyananiswa. Uye saka ndinokumbira kuti danho-rekunze-rekunze-rinotungamirwa neSecurity Council - riitwe kumisa mhirizhonga pasati papera gore.

Nyika inoda kumiswa kwepasirese kumisa kusagadzikana kwese "kunopisa". Panguva imwecheteyo, tinofanira kuita zvese kuti tidzivise Hondo Yemashoko. ”

South Africa icha sachigaro weUN Security Council yemwedzi waZvita. Inopa mukana wakasarudzika kuSouth Africa munguva yapashure peCovid yekutsigira chiono chaMunyori Mukuru, uye kugadzirisa kutadza kwekare mutemo wezvekunze. Huori, hondo nemhedzisiro yazvo zvave kuita kuti pasi redu riine makore gumi chete ekushandura ramangwana revanhu. Hondo ndidzo dzinoita kuti pave nekudziya kwenyika

Archbishop Tutu nemabhishopi echechi yeAnglican kare muna 1994 vakadaidzira kurambidzwa zvachose kwekutengeswa kwezvombo kunze kwenyika, uye kutendeutsirwa kwemaindasitiri ezvombo zvenguva yerusaruro kuSouth Africa kuita zvinangwa zvine chekuita nemagariro. Kunyangwe makumi emabhirioni emarandi akadururira pasi mugero pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri nematanhatu apfuura, Denel haadzoreke zvachose uye anofanirwa kubviswa ipapo ipapo. Belatedly, kuzvipira kune a world beyond war ikozvino yakakosha. 

Terry Crawford-Browne ari World BEYOND War's Nyika Mutevedzeri weSouth Africa