NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, September 30, 2022
Ini nemoyo wese uye nechido ndinokurudzira bhuku razvino raAndrew Bacevich, Pakuparadza Kare Yakasakara, kumunhu wose. Ndine mifungo yechipiri chete pakukurudzira mapeji e350 ekushora kudziya kune avo vatove pamberi payo uye vasvika pakunzwisisa kukosha kwekubvisa hondo nemauto zvinhu izvo zvisati zvatibvisa.
Bacevich mazita kwete hondo imwe inoenderana nezuva razvino raanotsigira kana kururamisa. Anotsigira zvisina kujeka kubvumirana kweUS blob paWWII asi anoona zvisina basa kune nyika yakashandurwa zvakanyanya - uye ndizvozvo chaizvo. Bhuku rangu, Kusiya Hondo Yenyika II shure, zvose zvinoparadza ngano uye zvinotarisa kuti WWII haina basa nekuchengetedzwa kwemauto nhasi. Uye zvakadaro, Bacevich anotsigira kuti iwe unogona kupembedza hondo "apo dzimwe nzira dzose dzekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakakosha dzakapera kana kuti dzisipo. Nyika inofanirwa kuenda kuhondo chete pazvinofanirwa - uye kunyangwe zvakadaro, kupedza gakava nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kunofanirwa kuve kwakakosha. "
Mumapeji 350 anopenya, ane nhoroondo-ane ruzivo achishora zvine simba hondo, Bacevich haidzvanyiriri muzwi rimwechete kuti "chinangwa chaicho chakakosha" chingave chii, kana chero tsananguro yekuti ingaratidzika sei nzira yekuneta, kana kutsanangudza kuti. basa rekupedza hondo nekukasika rinofanira kana kuti harifanire kutungamirira kukuparadza kwenyukireya. Uye Bacevich haambofungi zvakanyanya kana kutsoropodza kana kuita nemumwe wevanyori vakawanda, kusanganisira mutungamiri wechechi yake, anoda kubviswa zvachose kwehondo. Hatina kupihwa muenzaniso wehondo inoruramiswa kana chiitiko chinofungidzira cheicho munhu angave. Uye zvakadaro, Bacevich anoda kuti mauto eUS ane huori atarise kutyisidzira chaiko uye kuri kubuda - uye, iwe wakazvifungidzira, hapana tsananguro yekuti zvii.
Anodawo kucheneswa kwevatatu- nevakuru-nyeredzi mana, aine "chisungo chekusimudzirwa kune avo vakavharirwa mumusasa wedzidziso unotungamirwa neIraq neAfghanistan vakagurwa muhondo, ine kosi yakagadzirwa neVeterans For Peace." Kuti vazhinji vakadimurwa mitezo vakadai havasati vambosvika kuUnited States uye vanotaura chiRungu chakashomeka uye vasingade kudzidzisa vakuru vemauto eUS hazvina basa pano, nekuti Bacevich - munhu anogona kuve nechokwadi zvichibva pane akati wandei mareferensi kune vakakuvara - zvinoreva chete vanhu vekuUS. Asi pane dambudziko nekutaura kuti Veterans For Peace vaizodzidzisa mauto eUS. Veterans For Peace vanoshandira kubvisa hondo. Izvo hazvitombogamuchire mari yehurumende yeUS kune vakabatwa neAgent Orange, nekuda kwekunetsekana nekuvimbika kwesangano rayo seanopikisa mauto eUS - mauto ese eUS (uye mauto evamwe vese).
Iko kukanganisa kunonzwisisika. Ndakaedza kukumbira vanotsigira kubvisirwa mari kumapurisa kuti vatsigire kudzidziswa kwemapurisa, ndikaudzwa kuti mari iyi imari yemapurisa saka ndiro dambudziko. Ndakatokumbira ma libertarian kuti atsigire kufambisa mari yemauto kune ese ari maviri emutero kuderedzwa uye mari yezvinhu zvakanaka uye ndakaudzwa kuti mari yekukurumidzira yevanhu uye yezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa hazvisi nani pane mari yehondo. Asi isu tinofanira kukwanisa kutarisira kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwekubviswa kwehondo, kunyangwe kana tisingabvumirani nazvo uye kunyangwe tichiseka. Kutaura kwaBacevich kunogona kunge kuri rurimi-mu-cheek joke. Asi Bacevich anozivisa kuti: "ino haisi nguva yehafu-nhanho" pasina kubata kuti kune anobvisa hondo, kudzidzisa mauto eUS kuri padanho repamusoro.
Zvechokwadi, ndinoiwana. Bacevich ari kunyorera nzanga yakapenga hondo, isina kana izwi rerunyararo chero kupi munhau dzemakambani. Basa rake nderekupikisa chaanodaidza nemazvo kuti kugarisa kwehondo. Anogona kutofungira muchivande kuti kubvisa chingava pfungwa yakanaka. Asi chii chaizowanwa nokutaura kudaro? Zvirinani kutsveta zvinhu nenzira iyoyo, uye kubvumira nhangemutange yezvombo yakadzokera kumashure uye nzwisiso inoshanduka uye kukurumidza kwekufambira mberi kuita kuti kubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma kuite sechinhu chinogamuchirika. . . wozoitsigira.
Rimwe dambudziko nenzira iyoyo, ndinotenda, vaverengi vanofunga. Ndiri kureva, chii chichava chemuverengi anoda kuziva chaizvo kuti hondo isina kujairika inofanira kunge yakaita sei? Uripi muenzaniso wenzanga muzera rine uwandu hwakarurama uye hwakafanira hwehondo sechimwe chinhu chisina kujairika nenzira yakarurama? Mushure mekubvunzurudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwaBacevich vezvematongerwo enyika vanochengeta hondo dzakasiyana-siyana dzichienderera mberi mushure mekunge "zviri pachena kuti hondo kukanganisa," chii chingaitwa nemuverengi anobvunza kuti hondo isiri kukanganisa inoita sei? Mushure mekuverenga kutsoropodza kwaBacevich kudzokororwa kwemauto eUS nekutadza kukunda chero hondo, ko kana muverengi akabvunza kuti hondo yakakunda ingaite sei uye (kana tsananguro yakadai yaibvira) zvingave zvakanaka kuti wakunda hondo?
Heino mutsara wakatooma. Maererano naBacevich, nhengo dzeuto reUnited States dzakafira muhondo dzemakumi emakore achangopfuura “dzakafa dzichishandira nyika yadzo. Pane izvozvo hapana kupokana. Kunyangwe vakafa kufambisira mberi chikonzero cherusununguko kana kunyangwe kugara zvakanaka kweUnited States imwe nyaya zvachose. " Bacevich anoenderera mberi achitaura kuti hondo dzakarwirwa "mafuta, kutonga, hubris," nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingafadzi. Saka, sei ndisingabvumirwe kukahadzika kuti uku kwave kuri sevhisi kune imwe nyika? Muchokwadi, ndingaite sei kuti ndirege kukahadzika kuti kutambisa mabhiriyoni emadhora angadai akashandura zvakanaka mabhiriyoni ehupenyu, kuita kuuraya nekukuvadza nekuita vasina pekugara uye kushungurudza mamirioni avanhu, vachikuvadza zvakanyanya nharaunda uye kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye mutemo. zvemutemo nerusununguko rwevanhu uye US netsika dzepasirese - ndingaite sei kuti ndirege kukahadzika kuti iri ibasa chero ripi zvaro?
Bacevich, kubva pakuona kwangu, ane rimwe dambudziko rinogona kunge rakaparadzana kubva pakutsigira kwake kuchengetedza sangano rehondo. Kufanana nevakasununguka vataurwa pamusoro, anodzivirira chero zano rekuti hurumende yeUS ifambise mari kune chero chinhu chinobatsira kana kuita chero chinhu zvachose. Anoshamisa pane izvo hurumende yeUS inofanira kurega kuita. Asi hapana nhaurirano yekutsiva hondo nekubatana kana mutemo wepasi rose wemutemo. Bacevich anoisa "chikwereti" muzvinyorwa zvake zvekunetseka kukuru, kwete nzara, kwete urombo. Asi kana munhu achigona kufungidzira yakanakisa yedzidziso hondo ichatangwa mangwana, ingaite zvakanaka zvakanyanya kupfuura kukuvadza sekururamisa makore apfuura 80 e, kwete hondo dzakaipa chete, uye kwete kungochengetedza njodzi yeapocalypse yenyukireya, asi zvakare kutsauswa kwezvinhu zvakadaro kubva kune zvinodikanwa zvekukurumidzira zvevanhu izvo hupenyu hwakawanda hwakarasika kune izvo zvakakosha kupfuura kuhondo? Uye kunyangwe tikagona kufungidzira, muhurongwa hwazvino hwemitemo nehurumende, hondo yakarurama iri kubuda pakati pemazana evasina kururama, hatina basa rekushanda pakuchinja kwezvimiro kunoumba dzimwe nzira dzehondo here?
Dambudziko guru nemuverengi anofunga, ndinofungidzira, ndiyo pfungwa yehondo. Pane zvine musoro pazviri. Kana iwe uchitenda kuti panofanira kana kuve nehondo, saka zvine musoro kuda kugadzirira kuhwina ese, uye kuda kuvatanga pane kuti vamwe vatange kukurwisa. Chokwadi hatife takasvika pakubviswa kwehondo tisina kutanga tadzikisa hondo nematanho. Asi kunzwisisa kuti isu tiri kubvisa hondo kunoita heck yepfungwa yakawanda kupfuura pfungwa yekuita hondo pakati. Zvamazvirokwazvo tinorarama muzera umo mamiriyoni avanhu anofunga kuti Mwari neDenga ndezvechokwadi asi vasingazvipi nguva iri yose yokumuka (chaizvoizvo kashoma mufungo unopfuura) kwavari, sezvandingadai zvirokwazvo kudai ndaigona kuita chero pfungwa yokudavira kwakadaro. zvinhu. Zvisina maturo uye kupokana hazvisi nguva dzose chipinganidzo kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika, asi - zvimwe zvese zvakaenzana - hatifanire kuzvinzvenga here?
Taita nyaya yekupedza hondo yese nekubvisa zvombo zvese zvisingaverengeki mabhuku uye nyaya uye Webinars, ini handikwanise pano, asi ndichaendesa chero munhu anofarira kune a Website iyo inotsvaga kukanganisa zvakajairika zvikonzero kutsigira hurongwa hwehondo, uye kupa a dzakatevedzana zvezvikonzero zvekugumisa hondo. Mhinduro pamusoro pekuti nyaya yacho ipfupi inofarirwa zvikuru. Takaita ruzhinji rwevanhu nharo pamusoro pechinyorwa uye ndingagamuchira zvirokwazvo kubata gakava rine hushamwari naBacevich. Zvichakadaro, heano mabhuku anotsigira kupedza hondo yese. Ini ndinofunga vanotsigira kukwira zvakanyanya kumashure, asi kuchengetedza, muchina wehondo unofanirwa kuita pamwe nekuratidza zvikanganiso zvemabhuku aya.
CHINHU CHOKWADI CHINHU CHIKAMU CHIKAMU:
Kubvisa Mhirizhonga Yehurumende: Nyika Inopfuura Mabhomba, Miganhu, uye Cages naRay Acheson, 2022.
Kurwisa Hondo: Kuvaka Tsika Yerunyararo naPapa Francis, 2022.
Ethics, Chengetedzo, uye Iyo Hondo-Muchina: Iyo Yechokwadi Mutengo Wemauto naNed Dobos, 2020.
Kunzwisisa iyo Hondo indasitiri naChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Kwete Hondo naDan Kovalik, 2020.
Simba Nerunyararo: Kubvisa mauto Kwakaunza Runyararo uye Mufaro muCosta Rica, uye Zvinogona Kudzidzwa Nenyika Yose kubva kuNyika DzekuTropiki, naJudith Eve Lipton naDavid P. Barash, 2019.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemagariro naJørgen Johansen naBrian Martin, 2019.
Muurayi Akabatanidzwa: Bhuku Repiri: America's Favorite Pastime naMumia Abu Jamal naStefano Vittoria, 2018.
Vadzidzisi veKunyararo: Vakapukunyuka Hiroshima neNagasaki Vanotaura naMelinda Clarke, 2018.
Kudzivirira Hondo nekusimudzira Rugare: Mutungamiri weVashandi veUtano rakagadziridzwa naWilliam Wiist naShelley White, 2017.
Bhizinesi reBusiness For Peace: Kuvaka Nyika Isina Hondo neScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Hondo Haisati Yakwana naDavid Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative to War by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Imwe Nyaya Inopesana Nehondo: IAmerica Yakashaiwe muClass History yeAmerica uye Zvatiri (Zvose) Zvingaita Zvino naKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Hondo: Chimhosva Kuvanhu naRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Kereke yeKaturike uye Kubviswa kweHondo naDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Hondo uye Kuparara: Kuongorora Kunokosha naLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Kutanga Kwehondo, Kupera Kwehondo naJudith Hand, 2013.
Hondo Hakuchinazve: Nyaya Yokubvisa naDavid Swanson, 2013.
Kuguma kweHondo naJohn Horgan, 2012.
Kuchinja kune Rugare naRussell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kubva pahondo kusvikira kune rugare: mutungamiri kusvika kumakore mazana mana apfuura neKent Shifferd, 2011.
Hondo Ndicho Nhema naDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Kunze kweHondo: Munhu Anokwanisa Kuita Rugare naDouglas Fry, 2009.
Kurarama Kupfuura Hondo naWinslow Myers, 2009.
Yakakwana Ropa rakateurwa: Gadziriso zana Dzesimba, Kutyisidzira uye Hondo naMary-Wynne Ashford naGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Pasi: Chidimbu Chapfuura Chehondo naRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Mubatanidzwa Pakati peMasculinity uye Mhirizhonga naMyriam Miedzian, 1991.
