Hafu yemiriyoni yematani emethane anosimuka kubva pakaparadzwa pombi yeNord Stream. Mufananidzo: Swedish Coast Guard
NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, February 22, 2023
Nehondo yeUkraine zvino yasvika mucherechedzo wegore rimwe chete muna Kukadzi 24, maRussia haasati awana rukundo rwemauto asi kana nyika dzekuMadokero hadzina kuwana zvinangwa zvadzo pakatarisana nehupfumi. Russia payakapinda nechisimba muUkraine, United States nevadyidzani vayo vekuEurope vakavimbisa kuisa zvirango zvinoremadza izvo zvaizoita kuti Russia ipfugame nekuimanikidza kuti ibve.
Zvirango zvekuMadokero zvaizomisa Iron Curtain itsva, mazana emamaira kumabvazuva kweiyo yekare, ichiparadzanisa Russia iri yoga, yakakundwa, yakaparara kubva kuMadokero yakabatana, inokunda uye yakabudirira. Kwete Russia chete yakakunda kushungurudzwa kwehupfumi, asi zvirango zvakawedzera-kurova nyika chaidzo dzakazvitemera.
Zvirango zvekuMadokero kuRussia zvakaderedza kupihwa kwepasi rose kwemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo, asi zvakare zvakakwidza mitengo. Saka Russia yakawana purofiti kubva kumitengo yakakwira, kunyangwe huwandu hwayo hwekutengesa kunze hwakadzikira. Sangano reInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) inoshuma kuti Hupfumi hweRussia hwakangoita chibvumirano ne2.2% muna 2022, zvichienzaniswa ne8.5% contraction yayaive nayo. kushurudzira, uye inofanotaura kuti hupfumi hweRussia huchakura ne0.3% muna 2023.
Nekune rimwe divi, hupfumi hweUkraine hwadzikira ne35% kana kudarika, kunyangwe madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana nematanhatu erubatsiro rwehupfumi kubva kuvateresi veUS vane rupo, pamusoro pemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemanomwe erubatsiro rwemauto.
Hupfumi hweEurope huri kukwirawo. Mushure mekukura ne3.5% muna 2022, hupfumi hwenzvimbo yeEuro huri inotarisirwa kudzika uye kukura chete 0.7% muna 2023, ukuwo hupfumi hweBritain hunofungidzirwa kuti huchanyatso chibvumirano ne0.6%. Germany yainyanya kutsamira kune kunze kwenyika simba reRussia kupfuura dzimwe nyika huru dzeEurope saka, mushure mekukura zvishoma 1.9% muna 2022, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichange iine 0.1% kukura kwe2023. kubhadhara inenge 40% yakawanda yesimba muna 2023 kupfuura zvayakaita muna 2021.
United States haina kukanganiswa zvakananga kupfuura Europe, asi kukura kwayo kwakadzikira kubva pa5.9% muna 2021 kusvika pa2% muna 2022, uye inofungidzirwa kuti icharamba ichiderera, kusvika 1.4% muna 2023 uye 1% muna 2024. Zvichakadaro India, iyo yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera. tichitenga oiri kubva kuRussia nemutengo wakaderedzwa, inotarisirwa kuchengetedza chiyero chekukura kwe2022 inopfuura 6% pagore kusvika muna 2023 na 2024. China yakabatsirwawo nekutenga mafuta eRussia akaderedzwa uye kubva pakuwedzera kwekutengeserana neRussia kwe30% muna 2022. hupfumi hweChina huri inotarisirwa kukura ne5% gore rino.
Vamwe vagadziri vemafuta negasi vakakohwa purofiti kubva pamhedzisiro yezvirango. GDP yeSaudi Arabia yakakura ne8.7%, inokurumidza pane ese hupfumi hukuru, ukuwo makambani emafuta ekuMadokero akaseka nzira yese kuenda kubhangi kunoisa. $ 200 bhiriyoni mupurofiti: ExxonMobil yakaita madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nematanhatu, rekodhi yenguva yese yekambani yemafuta, uku Shell ichiita madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana uye Chevron neTotal vakawana madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu. BP yakaita "chete" $56 bhiriyoni, sezvo yakavhara mashandiro ayo muRussia, asi yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri purofiti yayo ye40.
Kana iri gasi rechisikigo, US LNG (liquefied natural gas) vatengesi vakaita seCheniere nemakambani akaita seTotal anogovera gasi muEurope kutsiva Kupihwa kweEurope kweRussia gasi rechisikigo rine gasi rakatsemuka kubva kuUnited States, kanokwana kana mitengo inobhadharwa nevatengi veUS, uye zvinotyisa kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kwefracking. Nguva yechando yakapfava muEurope uye madhora mazana masere nemakumi mashanu emadhora mukati Rubatsiro rwehurumende yeEurope kudzimba nemakambani akaunza mitengo yemagetsi ekutengesa kudzika kusvika kumatanho a2021, asi mushure mezvo spiked zvakapetwa kashanu pamusoro pezhizha ra2022.
Nepo hondo yakadzoreredza kuzviisa pasi kweEurope kuUS hegemony munguva pfupi, izvi zvinokonzeresa zvepasi rose zvehondo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro dzakasiyana munguva refu. Mutungamiri weFrance Emmanuel Macron akataura, "Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika nhasi, pakati penyika dzinotsigira Ukraine, pane mapoka maviri ari kugadzirwa mumusika wegesi: avo vari kubhadhara zvakanyanya uye avo vari kutengesa nemitengo yakakwira ... United States inogadzira gasi rakachipa ravanobhadhara. vari kutengesa nemutengo wepamusoro… handifungi kuti zvine hushamwari.”
Chiito chakanyanya kusava neushamwari kwaive kuparadza kwepombi dzepasi pegasi dzeNord Stream dzakaunza gasi reRussia kuGermany. Seymour Hersh Zvinonzi kuti mapaipi akaputika neUnited States, nerubatsiro rweNorway—nyika mbiri dzakabvisa Russia senyika mbiri dzeEurope. pakukura vatengesi vegasi. Pamwe chete nemutengo wepamusoro weUS yakatsemuka gasi, izvi zvave kufefeterwa hasha pakati pevanhu vekuEurope. Nekufamba kwenguva, vatungamiri veEurope vanogona kugumisa kuti remangwana redunhu iri riri mukuzvimirira kwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi kubva kunyika dzinotanga kurwisa mauto, uye izvi zvinosanganisira United States pamwe neRussia.
Vamwe vakundi vakakura muhondo muUkraine vachave vagadziri vezvombo, vanotongwa pasi rose neUS "mahombe mashanu": Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon uye General Dynamics. Zvizhinji zvezvombo kusvika pari zvino zvakatumirwa kuUkraine zvakabva kune zviripo muUnited States nenyika dzeNATO. Mvumo yekuvaka yakatokura mitoro mitsva yakabhururuka nemuCongress muna Zvita, asi zvibvumirano zvakazoitika hazvisati zvaonekwa muhuwandu hwekutengesa kwemafemu emaoko kana zvirevo zvepurofiti.
Iyo Reed-Inhofe inotsiva kugadzirisa kuFY2023 National Defence Authorization Act yakabvumidza "nguva yehondo" makore mazhinji, zvibvumirano zve "kudzosera" masheya ezvombo zvakatumirwa kuUkraine, asi huwandu hwezvombo zvichatengwa kupfuura huwandu hunotumirwa kuUkraine kusvika ku500 kune imwe. . Aimbove mukuru weOMB Marc Cancian akati, "Izvi hazvisi kutsiva zvatakapa [Ukraine]. Iri kugadzira mirwi yehondo huru yepasi [neRussia] mune ramangwana. "
Sezvo zvombo zvichangotanga kubvisa mitsetse yekugadzira kuti zvivake matura aya, chiyero chemhindu yehondo inotarisirwa neindasitiri yezvombo inonyatso kuratidzwa, ikozvino, mukuwedzera kwe2022 mumitengo yavo yemasheya: Lockheed Martin, yakakwira 37%; Northrop Grumman, yakakwira 41%; Raytheon, kusvika 17%; uye General Dynamics, yakakwira 19%.
Kunyange hazvo nyika nemakambani mashoma awana purofiti kubva muhondo iyi, nyika dziri kure nekwakanga dzichinetsa dziri kutatarika nekuondomoka kwehupfumi. Russia neUkraine vanga vari vatengesi vakakosha vegorosi, chibage, mafuta ekubikisa nefetereza kune yakawanda yenyika. Hondo nezvirango zvakonzera kushomeka kwezvinhu zvose izvi, pamwe nemafuta ekufambisa zvinhu, izvo zvapa kuti mitengo yechikafu ikwire pasi rose.
Saka vamwe vakakundwa muhondo iyi vanhu vari kuGlobal South vanovimba navo importations yezvokudya nemafetireza zvinobva kuRussia neUkraine kuti vangodyisa mhuri dzavo. Egypt neTurkey ndidzo dzinotenga zvikuru gorosi rekuRussia neUkraine, ukuwo gumi nembiri dzimwe nyika dziri panjodzi dzinotsamira chose kuRussia neUkraine pakutenga gorosi, kubva kuBangladesh, Pakistan neLaos kuenda kuBenin, Rwanda neSomalia. Gumi neshanu Nyika dzemuAfrica dzakaunza kunze kwehafu yegorosi kubva kuRussia neUkraine muna 2020.
Iyo Black Sea Grain Initiative yakarongwa neUN neTurkey yakadzoreredza dambudziko rechikafu kune dzimwe nyika, asi chibvumirano chinoramba chisina kujeka. Inofanirwa kuvandudzwa neUN Security Council isati yapera munaKurume 18, 2023, asi zvirango zvekuMadokero zvichiri kuvharisa fetireza yeRussia kunze kwenyika, iyo inofanirwa kusunungurwa pazvirango pasi pechirongwa chezviyo. Mukuru weUN anobatsira vanhu Martin Griffiths akaudza Agence France-Presse muna Kukadzi 15 kuti kusunungura kutengeswa kwefetereza yeRussia "ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha."
Mushure megore rekuuraya uye kuparadza muUkraine, tinogona kuzivisa kuti vakundi vehupfumi vehondo iyi ndeiyi: Saudi Arabia; ExxonMobil nevamwe vayo hofori dzemafuta; Lockheed Martin; uye Northrop Grumman.
Vakarasika ndivo, kutanga uye zvakanyanya, vanhu vakabayirwa veUkraine, kumativi ese epamberi, mauto ese akarasikirwa nehupenyu uye mhuri dzakarasikirwa nevadikani vavo. Asi zvakare muchikamu chinorasika vari kushanda uye varombo kwese kwese, kunyanya munyika dziri muGlobal South dzinonyanya kutsamira pakudya nesimba kubva kunze kwenyika. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki iPasi, mhepo yaro uye mamiriro ekunze - zvese zvakabayirwa kuna Mwari weHondo.
Ndokusaka hondo yave kupinda mugore rechipiri, kuchemerera kuri kuramba kuchikwira pasi rose kuti mapato ari mugakava aya awane mhinduro. Mashoko aPurezidhendi weBrazil Lula anoratidza manzwiro iwayo ari kukura. Paakamanikidzwa neMutungamiri Biden kutumira zvombo kuUkraine, iye akati, “Handidi kupinda muhondo iyi, ndinoda kuigumisa.”
Medea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies ndivo vanyori ve Hondo muUkraine: Kuita Sense yeKusawirirana Kusina Mufungo, inowanikwa kubva kuOR Books muna Mbudzi 2022.
Medea Benjamin ndiye muvambi we CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa pamaoko edu: IAmerican Invasion uye Kuparadza kweIraq.
