NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, February 7, 2022
Ini ndawedzera bhuku kune yangu iri kukura runyorwa rwekiyi yekubvisa hondo kuverenga, iri pazasi pechinyorwa ichi. Ndaisa bhuku Vakomana Vachave Vakomana pazasi chaipo perondedzero, kwete nekuti ndiyo isingakoshi, asi nekuti ndiyo yekutanga, yakadhindwa makore gumi pamberi pemamwe. Ringangove zvakare bhuku iro - pamwe pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinofurira - rakave nemhedzisiro yakakura kusvika parizvino, pane iyo ajenda yatakaona kufambira mberi kwakanyanya. Kumwe kwekuchinja kwetsika kwainoti kwave kusvika pamwero wakati - kumwe kwete zvakanyanya.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Mubatanidzwa Pakati peMasculinity neViolence naMyriam Miedzian (1991) anotanga nekuziva kuti mhirizhonga yemunhu mumwe nemumwe haina kuenzana murumerume, pamwe nenzwisiso yekuti nhoroondo dzevadzidzi nevanyori venhoroondo dzevanhu dzakagarobata murume nevanhu sevanochinjana. Miedzian aitenda kuti izvi zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuvakadzi kubvunza "feminine mystique" (kana vakadzi vasina kukanganisa zvakadaro, wadii kubvunza kuti chii chinowanzoitika uye funga kuchichinja?) kutongwa here?Zvirokwazvo kwete pamusoro pavakadzi!). Uye kana iwe usingakwanise kutsoropodza sechirume chakawandisa chinhu chiri murume zvakanyanya, unogona kuve nenguva yakaoma kugadzirisa dambudziko remhirizhonga. (Nechirume ndinoreva varume veimwe tsika, asi kushoropodza tsika dzekuMadokero tichienzanisa nedzimwe tsika hakuna kumbove kwakakurumbira mukati metsika dzekuMadokero.)
Iyi seti yemaitiro ekutenda yakareva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana mumakore kubva 1991. Zvave zvichireva kuti tinogona kubva pakuona kutora chikamu kwechiuto nevakadzi sechiitiko chisingatarisirwi kuenda kukuona sechinhu chakajairika, kunyange chinoyemurika, pasina kugadzirisa chidimbu chimwe chete chengano. pfungwa ye "hunhu hwevanhu." Muchokwadi, zvakaramba (zvichida kune vadzidzi vepro-war) zvisingadzivisike "hunhu hwevanhu" kutora chikamu muhondo zvisinei nekuti vakadzi vakazviita here kana kuti kwete (uye neimwe nzira harisi dambudziko iro varume vazhinji havazviite futi). Icho chokwadi chekuti "chimiro chemunhu wechikadzi" chinogona kufungidzirwa kubva pakurega kurwa kuenda kuhondo haingomutsi mukana wekuti "hunhu hwemunhu" hunogona kubva pakutora chikamu kuenda pakurega - nekuti hakuna chinhu chakadai se "munhu wechirume". chisikwa” - chero chingaitwa nevamwe varume panguva ino "hunhu hwevanhu" zvinosanganisira.
Asi ngatitii tinobvuma, sezvinoita vanhu vakawanda iye zvino kupfuura makumi matatu emakore apfuura, kuti mhirizhonga inosiyana zvikuru pakati pevanhu, iyo vamwe vanayo uye vakave nayo zvishoma kudarika nzanga yedu, kuti vamwe havana kubatwa chibharo kana kuponda zvakanyanya. hondo shoma, iyo munharaunda yedu mhirizhonga yakawanda ndeyevarume, uye kuti chinhu chikuru pane izvi chinenge chiri kukurudzira kwetsika yekuona chisimba sechirume chinoyemurika, chii-kana chiripo-izvi zvinotiudza nezvehondo, nezvezvematongerwo enyika kana zvombo. vanoita purofiti kana vezvenhau vanosimudzira hondo (vakadzi vanoita sevanoda kurwa sevarume vari muhurongwa hwehondo), kana nezvevakadzi vanopinda muchiuto zvakananga (avo vanobatana vanoita zvavanoudzwa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma. sezvinoita varume)?
Zvakanaka, hazvitiudzi kuti kutora nekusarudza vakadzi munharaunda umo tsigiro yehondo yakadzokororwa kubva kune zvinoyemurika zvechirume kuita zvinoyemurika zveAmerica zvinoderedza mauto. Hazvaigona kutiudza izvozvo. Inotiudza kuti kuti madzimai atore masimba muWashington, DC, vanofanira kufadza varidzi vezvenhau vamwechete, kutengesa kune vanopa chiokomuhomwe chemushandirapamwe, kushanda nematangi anonhuwa mamwechete, uye kuwirirana nemaitiro akaitwa sevarume. Miedzian akataura mubhuku rake chidzidzo chakawana vazhinji vevarwi vehondo yeVietnam vakanga vaona kurarama kunze kwekufungidzira kwaJohn Wayne sechinhu chikuru chekukurudzira, uye kuongorora kwevarume vepamusoro muPentagon, Senate, uye White House vakabvuma kuti apo zvose US uye. USSR yakanga ine nukes yekuparadza nyika kakawanda pamusoro payo yakanga isina basa kuti ndeipi hurumende ine yakawanda kupfuura imwe asi yakabvumawo kuti yakaita kuti vanzwe zviri nani kuva nezvakawanda zvakadaro. Manzwiro iwayo anogona kunge akabuda mumarererwo akaitwa vakomana, mibayiro yavaipihwa nevarairidzi vavo venhabvu, zvavakaona vachitevedzerwa neHollywood, nezvimwewo. Asi hatina kunyanya kurega kukurudzira zvechiuto muvakomana, tangotanga kuzvitora sezvinoyemurika. zvevasikana futi. Dai pasina dzidziso dzekare dzezvepabonde pakati penhengo dzeRepublican Congress, maDemocrats angadai atowedzera vakadzi kune zvekumanikidzwa kunyoresa.
Saka, hongu, kutenda kwako mukudiwa kwekumira kuna Vladimir Putin nekutyisidzira hondo kune imwe nyika iri kure yakazara nevarume, vakadzi, nevana, ine chikwereti chikuru kune pfungwa ine chepfu yehurume iyo vakadzi vari kunyanya kutenga mairi sechitsva. zvechikadzi zvakare. Tinoda kunzwisisa kuri nani. Tinoda kugona kubvisa Rule Based Order semutambo wevakomana vadiki uye kuda hurumende inotevedzera mitemo pachinzvimbo.
Asi takaita kufambira mberi pane zvimwe zvinhu. Kurwa kwezvibhakera kwakadzikira. Mhirizhonga yemunhu mumwe nemumwe inoshorwa zvikuru, uye hainyanyi kukurudzirwa muvakadzi kana varume. Uye "wimp" kushoropodzwa kwevezvematongerwo enyika vasina kukwana vaive mumhepo apo Miedzian ainyora, ndinofunga pasi. Semurevereri kurwisa hondo dzeUS, handina kumbobvira ndanzi wimp kana mukadzi, nezvimwewo, chete mutengesi, muvengi, kana idiot. Ehe isu tanga tichiwedzera zvakanyanya zera reMaseneta neMaPresident, uye kushoropodzwa kwavangave vakatarisana nazvo makumi emakore kumashure kunogona kuramba kuchivakoshera.
Miedzian inopa mhinduro dzakawanda. Vamwe takaita kufambira mberi kwakajeka (kwete kubudirira kwekupedzisira kunobwinya, asi kufambira mberi) pane, mune zvimwe zvikamu zvedzimwe nzanga, kusanganisira vanababa vanochengeta vana zvakanyanya, kukunda kutya kukuru kweungochani, kuderedza kudheerera, kushora kushungurudzwa pabonde uye kushungurudzwa, uye kudzidzisa vakomana kuchengeta vana vadiki nevacheche. Chikoro chaipinda vana vangu chaigara chine makirasi echikuru anobatsira vaduku. (Ini handisi kuzotumidza chikoro kuti chirumbidze nekuti kushora kuhondo hakusati kwave pedyo nekugamuchirwa sezvimwe zvezvimwe zvinhu.)
Zvakawanda zvezvinonyorwa naMiedzian nezvehondo zvichiri zvakakosha uye zvinogona kunge zvakanyorwa nhasi. Sei, anoshamisika, zvakanaka here kupa vana mabhuku anonzi "Famous Battles of World History" isu tisingazomboiti zvakafanana ne "Famous Witch Burnings of World History" kana "Famous Public Hangings"? Nei rimwe bhuku renhoroondo risingambotauri kuti majaya angave akarasika pane kuva magamba mukufora kunofa achiuraya vanhu vavasina kumboonana navo? “Vanhu vakawanda,” akanyora kudaro Miedzian, “vanokwanisa kuzvidzora kunoshamisa maererano nezviito zvinonzi zvinonyadzisa zvikuru uye zvinonyadzisa. Isu tinokwanisa kudzora mashandiro emuviri wedu, zvisinei kuti angave achimanikidza, nekuti isu taizozvidzwa kana tikasadaro. Kana vanhu vachizorarama muzera renyukireya, kuita zviito zvechisimba pakupedzisira kungatofanira kuva kunonyadzisa sezvinoita kuita weti kana kuti kuita tsvina paruzhinji nhasi.”
Chitsauko 8 chakakosha chaMiedzian, chakanangana ne“Kutora Mbiri Muhondo uye Rusaruro Rusingadzidzi,” ndicho chichiri kudiwa zvakanyanya. Anoda, mune zvimwe zvitsauko, kubvisa mhirizhonga mumabhaisikopo nemimhanzi neterevhizheni nemitambo nematoyi, nemakambani ane utsinye kubva muupenyu hwevana. Ndakatadza kubvuma zvimwe. Asi ndinofunga izvo zvatinodzidza mumakore mukurwira uku ndezvekuti zvakanyanya uye zvakananga isu tinogona kuve tiri nani. Kana iwe uchida nzanga inoona hondo seisingagamuchirwe, usatarise zvese pane katatu bankshot iyo inotanga nekuvandudza muridzi weterevhizheni yeruzhinji. Nezvose itai izvozvo. Asi tarisa zvakanyanya pakudzidzisa vanhu munzira ipi neipi yaunogona kuti hondo haigamuchirwi. Ndizvo World BEYOND War inoshanda pa.
Ini ndine mashoma quibbles nebhuku iri kubva 1991 pane akawanda eAntiwar mabhuku akaburitswa kubva 2020, asi ndinoshuva kuti chinhu chekufadza cheMunich chisirimo. Izvozvo chidzidzo chakarasika zvimwe angatiuraya tose.
CHINHU CHOKWADI CHINHU CHIKAMU CHIKAMU:
Kunzwisisa iyo Hondo indasitiri naChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Kwete Hondo naDan Kovalik, 2020.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemagariro naJørgen Johansen naBrian Martin, 2019.
Muurayi Akabatanidzwa: Bhuku Repiri: America's Favorite Pastime naMumia Abu Jamal naStefano Vittoria, 2018.
Vadzidzisi veKunyararo: Vakapukunyuka Hiroshima neNagasaki Vanotaura naMelinda Clarke, 2018.
Kudzivirira Hondo nekusimudzira Rugare: Mutungamiri weVashandi veUtano rakagadziridzwa naWilliam Wiist naShelley White, 2017.
Bhizinesi reBusiness For Peace: Kuvaka Nyika Isina Hondo neScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Hondo Haisati Yakwana naDavid Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative to War by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Imwe Nyaya Inopesana Nehondo: IAmerica Yakashaiwe muClass History yeAmerica uye Zvatiri (Zvose) Zvingaita Zvino naKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Hondo: Chimhosva Kuvanhu naRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Kereke yeKaturike uye Kubviswa kweHondo naDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Hondo uye Kuparara: Kuongorora Kunokosha naLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Kutanga Kwehondo, Kupera Kwehondo naJudith Hand, 2013.
Hondo Hakuchinazve: Nyaya Yokubvisa naDavid Swanson, 2013.
Kuguma kweHondo naJohn Horgan, 2012.
Kuchinja kune Rugare naRussell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kubva pahondo kusvikira kune rugare: mutungamiri kusvika kumakore mazana mana apfuura neKent Shifferd, 2011.
Hondo Ndicho Nhema naDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Kunze kweHondo: Munhu Anokwanisa Kuita Rugare naDouglas Fry, 2009.
Kurarama Kupfuura Hondo naWinslow Myers, 2009.
Yakakwana Ropa rakateurwa: Gadziriso zana Dzesimba, Kutyisidzira uye Hondo naMary-Wynne Ashford naGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Pasi: Chidimbu Chapfuura Chehondo naRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Mubatanidzwa Pakati peMasculinity uye Mhirizhonga naMyriam Miedzian, 1991.
