Zvinoitwa neGlobal Peace Index uye Zvisingayere

NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, July 19, 2022

Kwemakore ndave ndichikoshesa Global Peace Index (GPI), uye yakabvunzurudza vanhu vanozviita, asi quibbled ne chaizvo chii icho anoita. Ndichangobva kuverenga Rugare Munguva Yemhirizhonga naSteve Killelea, muvambi weInstitute for Economics and Peace, iyo yakagadzira GPI. Ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise izvo GPI inoita uye isingaite, kuitira kuti tigone kuishandisa, uye kwete kuishandisa, nenzira dzakakodzera. Pane zvakawanda zvazvinogona kuita, kana tisiri kutarisira kuti iite chimwe chinhu chisina kuitirwa. Mukunzwisisa izvi, bhuku raKillelea rinobatsira.

Apo European Union yakakunda Mubayiro weNobel Peace Prize wekuva nzvimbo ine rugare yekugara, pasinei nokuti iri mutengesi mukuru wezvombo kunze kwenyika, mutori wechikamu mukuru muhondo kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye chikonzero chikuru chekukundikana kwehurongwa izvo zvinotungamirira kukushaya rugare kune imwe nzvimbo. Nyika dzeEurope dzakaisawo zvakakwirira muGPI. MuChitsauko 1 chebhuku rake, Killelea anoenzanisa runyararo rweNorway neDemocratic Republic of the Congo, zvichibva pahuwandu hwekuuraya mukati menyika idzodzo, pasina kutaurwa nezvekutengesa zvombo kunze kwenyika kana kutsigirwa kwehondo kunze kwenyika.

Killelea inotaura kakawanda kuti nyika dzinofanira kuva nemauto uye dzinofanira kurwa hondo, kunyanya hondo dzisingagoni kudzivirirwa (chero ipi zvayo): "Ndinotenda kuti dzimwe hondo dzinofanira kurwiwa. Hondo yeGulf, Hondo yeKorea neTimor-Leste kuchengetedza runyararo mienzaniso yakanaka, asi kana hondo dzikagona kudzivirirwa ipapo dzinofanira kudaro. " (Usandibvunza kuti zvingatendwa sei kuti avo hondo hazvaigona kunzvengwa. Ziva kuti mari yenyika yekuchengetedzwa kwerunyararo yeUN ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakashandiswa kugadzira GPI [ona pazasi], pamwe [izvi hazvina kujekeswa] zvakanaka, kwete zvakaipa. Ziva zvakare kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoumba GPI zvinopa nyika chibodzwa chiri nani pazvinoderedza gadziriro dzehondo, kunyangwe Killelea achifunga kuti tinofanira kunge tine dzimwe hondo - chingave chikonzero chimwe chekuti zvinhu izvi zvinoremerwa uye zvakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvakawanda. zvinhu izvo Killelea asina maonero akavhengana kudaro.)

The GPI zviyero 23 zvinhu. Kuchengetedza avo vane hukama zvakananga nehondo, kunyanya hondo yekunze, kwekupedzisira, runyorwa runoita seizvi:

1. Chiyero cheutsotsi hunoonekwa munzanga. (Sei wakaonekwa?)
2. Nhamba yevapoteri uye vanhu vakadzingwa mukati sechikamu chehuwandu hwevanhu. (Relevance?)
3. Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika.
4. Zvematongerwo enyika Kutyisa Scale. (Izvi zvinoratidzika chiyero kuuraya kwakatenderwa nehurumende, kurwadziswa, kunyangarika uye kusungwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, kusaverengera chero chezvinhu izvo zvakaitwa kunze kwenyika kana nema drones kana munzvimbo dzakavanda dzemahombekombe.)
5. Impact yehugandanga.
6. Huwandu hwemhondi pavanhu 100,000.
7. Nhamba yehutsotsi hwechisimba.
8. Kuratidzira kwechisimba.
9. Huwandu hwevanhu vakasungwa pa100,000 vanhu.
10. Nhamba yevashandi vekuchengetedzwa kwemukati nemapurisa pa100,000 vanhu.
11. Kusununguka kwekuwana zvombo zviduku uye zvombo zvishoma.
12. Mupiro wezvemari kumabasa ekuchengetedza runyararo eUN.
13. Nhamba uye nguva yemakakatanwa emukati.
14. Nhamba yevakafa kubva mukukonana kwakarongwa mukati.
15. Kusimba kwekukakavadzana kwemukati.
16. Hukama nenyika dzakavakidzana.
17. Kushandiswa kwemauto sechikamu cheGDP. (Kutadza kuyera izvi nemashoko akazara kunowedzera zvikuru “rugare” rwenyika dzakapfuma. Kutadza kuzviyera pamunhu mumwe nomumwe kunokanganisa kukosha kwevanhu.)
18. Huwandu hwevashandi vemauto pa100,000 vanhu. (Kutadza kuyera izvi nemashoko akakwana kunosimudzira zvikuru “runyararo” rwenyika dzine vanhu vakawanda.)
19. Kugona kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye zvinorema.
20. Vhoriyamu yekuendeswa kwezvombo zvakajairwa semugamuchiri (zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika) pa100,000 vanhu. (Kutadza kuyera izvi nemashoko akakwana kunosimudzira zvikuru “runyararo” rwenyika dzine vanhu vakawanda.)
21. Vhoriyamu yekuendeswa kwezvombo zvakajairwa semupi (exports) pa100,000 vanhu. (Kutadza kuyera izvi nemashoko akakwana kunosimudzira zvikuru “runyararo” rwenyika dzine vanhu vakawanda.)
22. Nhamba, nguva uye basa mumakakatanwa ekunze.
23. Nhamba yevakafa kubva mukurwisana kwakarongeka kwekunze. (Zvinoita sezvinoreva nhamba yekufa kwevanhu kubva kumusha, kuitira kuti mushandirapamwe mukuru wekubhomba ungasanganisira kufa zero.)

The GPI inoti inoshandisa zvinhu izvi kuverenga zvinhu zviviri:

“1. Chiyero chekuti nyika ine runyararo sei; 2. Chiyero chekuti nyika ine runyararo rwakadini (mamiriro ayo erunyararo kupfuura miganhu yayo). Iyo yakazara composite mamakisi uye indekisi zvakabva zvagadzirwa nekushandisa huremu hwe60 muzana kuchiyero cherunyararo rwemukati uye 40 muzana kurunyararo rwekunze. Huremu hunorema hwakashandiswa kurunyararo rwemukati hwakabvumiranwa nedare rezano, zvichitevera gakava rakasimba. Sarudzo iyi yaive yakavakirwa papfungwa yekuti huwandu hukuru hwerunyararo rwemukati hungangotungamira, kana kuti hune hukama ne, kushomeka kwekunze kunetsana. Huremu hwakaongororwa nedare rezano risati raunganidzwa yega yega edition yeGPI. "

Zvakakosha kucherechedza pano pfungwa isinganzwisisike yekuisa chigunwe pachikero chechinhu A chaizvo nechikonzero chekuti factor A inopindirana nechinhu B. Chokwadi, ichokwadi uye chakakosha kuti runyararo mukati memusha ungangowedzera runyararo kunze kwenyika, asiwo ichokwadi. uye zvinokosha kuti rugare kune dzimwe nyika zvingangowedzera runyararo pamba. Aya maidi haatsanangure huremu hwekuwedzera hunopiwa kune zvinhu zvemumba. Tsananguro iri nani ingave iri yekuti kune nyika dzakawanda zvizhinji zvezvavanoita nekushandisa mari ndezvemumba. Asi kune nyika yakaita seUnited States, tsananguro iyoyo inodonha. Tsananguro isingakodzeri inogona kunge iri yekuti kuremerwa kwezvinhu kunobatsira zvombo zvakapfuma zvinobata nyika dzinorwa hondo dzadzo kure nekumba. Kana, zvakare, tsananguro inogona kunge iri muchishuwo chaKillelea chehuwandu hwakakodzera uye rudzi rwekugadzira hondo pane kubviswa kwayo.

Iyo GPI inopa uremu uhu kune zvimwe zvinhu:

RUGARE RWEMUKATI (60%):
Maonero ehutsotsi 3
Masecurity officers nemapurisa anoyera 3
Homicide rate 4
Kusungwa mwero 3
Kuwana zvombo zvidiki 3
Kusimba kwekunetsana mukati 5
Kuratidzira kwechisimba 3
Mhosva dzemhirizhonga 4
Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika 4
Kutyisa kwezvematongerwo enyika 4
Zvombo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika 2
Terrorism impact 2
Kufa kubva mukukonana mukati 5
Kunetsana kwemukati kwakarwiwa 2.56

RUGARE RWEKUNZWERE (40%):
Kushandiswa kwechiuto (% GDP) 2
Armed service staff rate 2
Mari yekuchengetedzwa kwerunyararo yeUN 2
Kugona zvombo zvenyukireya uye zvinorema 3
Zvombo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika 3
Vapoteri neIDPs 4
Hukama hwenyika dzakavakidzana 5
Kunetsana kwekunze kwakarwiwa 2.28
Kufa nekurwisana kwekunze 5

Ehe, nyika yakaita seUnited States inowana kukwidziridzwa kubva kune zvakawanda izvi. Hondo dzayo hadziwanzorwi pavavakidzani vayo. Kufa muhondo idzodzo hakusi kufa kweUS. Zvakaoma pakubatsira vapoteri, asi zvinopa mari mauto eUN. Etc.

Mamwe matanho akakosha haana kubatanidzwa zvachose:

• Mabhesi akachengetwa kune dzimwe nyika.
• Mauto akachengetwa kune dzimwe nyika.
• Mabhesi ekunze anogamuchirwa munyika.
• Kupondwa kwedzimwe nyika.
• Kutora masimba kune dzimwe nyika.
• Zvombo mumhepo, muchadenga, uye mugungwa.
• Kudzidziswa kwechiuto uye kuchengetedza zvombo zvehondo kunopihwa kune dzimwe nyika.
• Kuve nhengo mumibatanidzwa yehondo.
• Kuve nhengo mumasangano epasi rose, matare, uye zvibvumirano pamusoro pekubvisa zvombo, runyararo, uye kodzero dzevanhu.
• Investment muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira vanhu vasina zvombo.
• Investment murugare dzidzo.
• Investment mudzidzo yehondo, kupemberera, uye kukudzwa kwechiuto.
• Kuisa kuoma kwehupfumi kune dzimwe nyika.

Saka, pane dambudziko nehuwandu hweGPI mazinga, kana isu tiri kutarisira kuti vatarise kuhondo uye kusikwa kwehondo. United States ndeye 129th, kwete 163rd. Palestine neIsrael dziri padivi pa133 uye 134. Costa Rica haiite makumi matatu epamusoro. Nyika shanu pagumi gumi dzine “runyararo” paNyika inhengo dzeNATO. Kuti utarise kuhondo, enda panzvimbo Mepu yeMaditarism.

Asi kana tikaisa parutivi iyo GPI yegore ripoti, uye enda kune iyo GPI yakanaka map, zviri nyore kwazvo kutarisa mazinga epasi rose pane zvimwe zvinhu kana seti yezvinhu. Ndipo pane kukosha. Mumwe anogona kuita quibble nesarudzo yedata kana mashandisirwo ainoitwa pazviyero kana kuti ingatiudza zvakakwana mune chero nyaya, asi pane yese GPI, yakakamurwa kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana, inzvimbo inotyisa yekutanga. Ronga nyika nechero ipi zvayo yezvinhu zvinotariswa neGPI, kana nemamwe masanganiswa. Pano tinoona kuti ndedzipi nyika dzine zvibodzwa zvisina kunaka pane zvimwe zvinhu asi zvakanaka pane zvimwe, uye izvo zviri pakati nepakati. Pano zvakare tinogona kuvhima kuwirirana pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana, uye isu tinogona kufunga nezve hukama - tsika, kunyangwe isiri manhamba, - pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana.

The GPI inobatsirawo mukuunganidza mutengo wehupfumi hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhirizhonga dzakatariswa, uye kuwedzera pamwe chete: "Muna 2021, kukanganisa kwemhirizhonga pasi rose pahupfumi kwakasvika $16.5 trillion, mu2021 US dollars in purchasing power parity (PPP) nguva dzese. . Izvi zvakaenzana nezvikamu gumi nepfumbamwe kubva muzana zveGDP yepasi rose, kana $10.9 pamunhu. Uku kwaive kuwedzera kwe2,117 muzana, kana $12.4 tiririyoni, kubva mugore rapfuura.

Chinhu chekutarisira kurudziro inoitwa neGPI pasi pemusoro wezvainodaidza kuti rugare rwakanaka. Zvikumbiro zvaro zvinosanganisira kuvandudza nharaunda idzi: “hurumende inoshanda zvakanaka, nharaunda yebhizimisi yakanaka, kugamuchirwa kwekodzero dzevamwe, ukama hwakanaka nevavakidzani, kufambiswa kwemashoko kwakasununguka, kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu, huwori hushoma, uye kuparadzirwa kwakaenzana. zvezvekushandisa.” Zviripachena, 100% yeizvi zvinhu zvakanaka, asi 0% (kwete 40%) yakanangana nehondo dziri kure mhiri kwemakungwa.