naLawrence Wittner, Runyararo & Hutano Blog, February 11, 2022
Vatsinhi padambudziko razvino reUkraine dzimwe nguva vakarifananidza neCuban missile dambudziko. Uku kuenzanisa kwakanaka ― uye kwete chete nekuti ese ari maviri anosanganisira kune njodzi US-Russian kunetsana kunokwanisa kutungamira kuhondo yenyukireya.
Munguva yedambudziko reCuba ra1962, mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akafanana zvikuru neanhasi kuMabvazuva kweEurope, kunyange zvazvo mabasa makuru emasimba akachinjwa.
Muna 1962, Soviet Union yakanga yapinda muhurumende yeUS inozvitsanangura nharaunda nekuisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvepakati nepakati muCuba, nyika iri mamaira makumi mapfumbamwe chete kubva kuUS. mahombekombe. Hurumende yeCuba yakanga yakumbira zvombo zvinokandwa senzira yekudzivirira kupinda nechisimba kweUS, kupindira kwaiita senge kukwanisika kwakapihwa nhoroondo refu yekupindira kweUS munhau dzeCuba, pamwe nekupinda mu90 US-yakatsigirwa neBay of Pigs.
Hurumende yeSoviet yakakwanisa kuchikumbiro ichi nekuti yaida kuvimbisa mubatsiri wayo mutsva weCuba nezvekudzivirirwa kwayo. Yakafungawo kuti kutumirwa kwema missile kwaizongoita nyukireya, yeUS. hurumende yakanga yatoisa zvombo zvenyukireya kuTurkey, kumuganhu weRussia.
Kubva pamaonero ehurumende yeUS, chokwadi chekuti hurumende yeCuba yaive nekodzero yekuita sarudzo dzayo dzekuchengetedza uye kuti hurumende yeSoviet yaingotevedzera mutemo weUS muTurkey yaive isina kukosha zvakanyanya pane fungidziro yayo yekuti hapagone kuve nekukanganisika kana yasvika. kune yechinyakare US nharaunda yepesvedzero muCaribbean neLatin America. Nokudaro, Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy akarayira US. kuvharirwa kwemvura (yaakadana kuti "quarantine") yakatenderedza Cuba uye akataura kuti aisazobvumidza kuvapo kwezvombo zvenyukireya pachitsuwa. Kuti achengetedze kubviswa kwezvombo, akazivisa, haaizo "kudonha" kubva ku "hondo yenyukireya yepasirese."
Pakupedzisira, dambudziko guru rakagadziriswa. Kennedy neMutungamiriri weSoviet Nikita Khrushchev vakabvumirana kuti USSR ichabvisa zvombo zveCuba, uku Kennedy akavimbisa kusapinda muCuba uye kubvisa zvombo zveUnited States kubva kuTurkey.
Nehurombo, ruzhinji rwepasi rose rwakauya nekusanzwisisa kuti kunetsana kweUS.-Soviet kwakaunzwa sei kumagumo ane runyararo. Chikonzero chaive chekuti kubviswa kwezvombo zveUS kubva kuTurkey kwakachengetwa zvakavanzika. Nokudaro, zvakaratidzika kuti Kennedy, uyo akanga atora mutsara wakaoma pachena, akanga akunda kukunda kukuru kweCold War paKhrushchev. Kusanzwisisana kwakakurumbira kwakaiswa mukutaura kwaSecretary of State Dean Rusk kuti varume vaviri ava vakamira “mboni yeziso nemboni yeziso,” uye Khrushchev “akabwaira.”
Chii chakanyatsoitika, zvakadaro, sezvatinoziva iye zvino nekuda kwezvakazarurwa zvakazoitika naRusk uye Munyori weDziviriro Robert McNamara, ndezvekuti Kennedy naKhrushchev vakaziva, mukushushikana kwavo, kuti nyika dzavo mbiri dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzasvika panjodzi inotyisa. vakanga vachitsvedza vakananga kuhondo yenyukireya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vakaita kumwe kutaurirana kwepamusoro kwakavanzika izvo zvakaderedza mamiriro ezvinhu. Panzvimbo pokuisa zvombo zvinokandwa pamiganhu yenyika dzose dziri mbiri, vakangozvibvisa. Panzvimbo pekurwira chimiro cheCuba, hurumende yeUS yakasiya chero zano rekupinda nechisimba. Gore rakatevera, mukutevera kwakakodzera, Kennedy naKhrushchev vakasaina Partial Test Ban Treaty, chibvumirano chekutanga chenyika chekudzora zvombo zvenyukireya.
Zvirokwazvo, kudzikisira-kukwira kunogona kugadziriswa maererano nekunetsana kwanhasi pamusoro peUkraine neEastern Europe. Semuenzaniso, sezvo nyika zhinji dzedunhu dzakabatana neNATO kana kuti dziri kunyorera kuita izvi nekuda kwekutya kuti Russia ichatangazve kutonga kwayo nyika dzadzo, hurumende yeRussia inogona kuvapa vimbiso dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza, sekudzokera kuConventional Armed Forces. Europe Chibvumirano, icho Russia yakabvisa makore anopfuura gumi apfuura. Kana kuti nyika dziri kupokana dzinogona kuonazve zvikumbiro zveEuropean Common Security, yakakurumbira muma1980s naMikhail Gorbachev. Zvirinani, Russia inofanira kubvisa zvombo zvayo zvakakura, zvakagadzirirwa kutyisidzira kana kupinda, kubva kumiganhu yeUkraine.
Zvichakadaro, hurumende yeUS inogona kutora matanho ayo ekudzikisira. Inogona kumanikidza hurumende yeUkraine kuti igamuchire fomula yeMinsk yekuzvitonga kwedunhu iri kumabvazuva kwenyika iyoyo. Inogona zvakare kuita misangano yenguva refu yekuchengetedzwa kweEast-West iyo inogona kuita chibvumirano chekupedza kusawirirana muEastern Europe zvakanyanya. Matanho akawanda anowanikwa mumitsara iyi, kusanganisira kutsiva zvombo zvinogumbura nezvombo zvekudzivirira muNATO's East European vanobatana. Uyewo hapana chikonzero chekutora mutsetse wakaoma pakugamuchira nhengo yeNATO yeUkraine, sezvo pasina hurongwa hwekufunga nezvehutano hwayo mune ramangwana rinoonekwa.
Kupindira kwechitatu, kunyanya neUnited Nations, kwaizonyanya kubatsira. Mushure mezvose, zvingave zvinonyadzisa zvikuru kuti hurumende yeUnited States igamuchire chirevo chehurumende yeRussia, kana zvakasiyana, pane kuti ivo vose vagamuchire chirevo chakaitwa nekunze, uye zvichida zvakanyanya, bato. Uyezve, kutsiva mauto eUS neNATO nemauto eUN muEast Europe marudzi angangomutsa ruvengo uye chishuwo chekupindira nehurumende yeRussia.
Sezvo dambudziko rezvombo zveCuban rakazogutsikana naKennedy naKhrushchev, munguva yenyukireya pane zvishoma zvingawanikwa-uye zvakawanda zvicharasika-apo masimba makuru anoenderera mberi nemaitiro avo emazana emakore ekuveza mativi akasarudzika uye kuita zvepamusoro-. kunonetsana nehondo.
Chokwadi, isu, zvakare, tinogona kudzidza kubva mudambudziko reCuba ― uye tinofanirwa kudzidza kubva mairi - kana tichizorarama.
Dr. Lawrence S. Wittner (www.lawrenceswittner.com/) ndiye Purofesa weZvirevo Emeritus paSUNY / Albany uye munyori we Kutarisana neBhomba (Stanford University Press).
