HONDO HACHASVINZWA KUNEGENEROSITY

Pfungwa yokuti hondo dzinotorwa nehutano hwevanhu hazvingaiti pakutanga dzichionekwa kunyange zvakakodzera kupindura. Hondo dzinouraya vanhu. Ndezvipi zvinogona kubatsira vanhu? Asi tarisa maitiro ekutaura kuti kubudirira kutengesa hondo itsva:

"Mhirizhonga iyi yakatanga Aug. 2, apo mutongi weIraq akapinda muvakidzani muduku uye asingagoni kubatsira. Kuwait, nhengo yeArabic League uye nhengo yeUnited Nations, yakapwanyika, vanhu vayo vakakuvadzwa. Mwedzi mishanu yapfuura, Saddam Hussein akatanga hutsinye hutsinye neKwait; manheru ano, hondo yakabatanidzwa. "

Nokudaro vakataura Mutungamiri Bush wevakuru pakutanga Gulf War mu1991. Haana kuti aida kuuraya vanhu. Akati akati aida kusunungurira vanhu vasingagoni kubatsirwa kubva kune vanodzvinyirira, pfungwa inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakasununguka mune zvematongerwe enyika, asi pfungwa iyo inoratidzika kuti inotsigira zvechokwadi hondo. Uye pano Mutungamiri Clinton achitaura nezveYugoslavia makore masere gare gare:

"Pandakarayira mauto edu ehondo, takanga tine zvinangwa zvitatu zvakajeka: kuti tibatsire vanhu veKosovar, avo vakaurayiwa nehumwe hutsinye hwakaipa zvikuru muEurope kubva muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kudzokera kumisha yavo nekuchengeteka uye humwe hurumende ; kunoda maserbia eSerbia anokonzera utsinye hwakadaro kubva Kosovo; uye kuendesa kune dzimwe nyika kuchengetedzwa kwemauto, neNATO pachikamu chayo, kudzivirira vanhu vose venyika iyo inotambudzika, veSerbia neAlbania. "

Tarisa zvakare pamashoko ekushandiswa ayo anoshandiswa kubudirira kubudirira hondo inofamba kwemakore:

"Hatisi kuzosiya vanhu veIraqi."
- Munyori weNyika Colin Powell, August 13, 2003.

"United States haisi kuzosiya Iraq."
- Mutungamiri George W. Bush, March, 21, 2006.

Kana ndikapinda mumba mako, kupwanya mahwindo, kuputira midziyo, nekuuraya hafu yemhuri yako, ndine chiremera chekugara uye kupedza usiku here? Ingadai iine utsinye uye isingatarisi kuti ini "ndisiye" iwe, kunyange iwe uchindikurudzira kuti ndiende? Kana kuti ndeye basa rangu, pane kudaro, kubva pakarepo ndokunditendeukira kuchiteshi chemapurisa chiri pedyo? Apo imwe nguva hondo muAfghanistan neIraq dzakanga dzatanga, nharo yakatanga iyo yakafanana neyiyi. Sezvaunogona kuona, idzi nzira mbiri idzi dzakawanda dzakaparadzana, pasinei zviri zviviri zvakagadzirwa sevanhu. Mumwe anoti tinofanira kugara tisina rupo, imwe iyo yatinofanira kubva kunze kwekunyadziswa nekuremekedzwa. Ndezvipi zvakarurama?

Vasati vauya muIraq, Munyori weHurumende Colin Powell akafanirwa kuudza Mutungamiri Bush "Iwe uchave iwe unofarira muridzi we25 mamiriyoni. Iwe uchava nemafungiro avo ose, zvinangwa, uye zvinetso. Iwe unenge uine zvayo zvose. "Maererano naBob Woodward," Powell uye Mutevedzeri weHurumende Richard Armitage vakadana iyi mubhuku rePottery Barn: Iwe unoputsa, iwe unayo. "Senator John Kerry akatsanangura mutemo paanenge achishandira mutungamiri, uye yakanga iri uye yakawanda yakagamuchirwa seyakarurama neRepublican and Democratic politicians muWashington, DC

Pottery Barn igoro risina kutonga kwakadaro, kunyanya kwete nekuda kwezviitiko. Hazvisi pamutemo kune dzimwe nyika munyika yedu kuti tive nemitemo yakadaro, kunze kwematambudziko ekuregererwa zvakanyanya uye kuparadza nemaune. Tsanangudzo iyoyo, yezvokwadi, inopindirana nekupindira kweIraq kusvika kune T. Dzidziso ye "kushamiswa nekutya," yekuisa kukanganisa kwakakura kwakadai kuti muvengi akaoma mutezo nekutya uye kusakosha kwave kwakagara kwakaratidzwa seisina tariro uye isinganzwisisiki sezvazvinonzwika . Chakanga chisina kushanda muHondo Yenyika II kana kubvira. Vanhu veAmerica vanoparadzanisa muJapan pashure pebhomba renyukireya vakanga vasina kukotama pasi; ivo vakanga vaine lynched. Vanhu vakagara vachirwisana uye nguva dzose vachabva, sezvamungaita. Asi kushamiswa nekutya kwakagadzirirwa kusanganisira kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwezvivako zvekugadzirisa, kutaurirana, kutakura, kugadzirwa kwezvokudya uye kupa, mvura, uye nezvimwe zvakadaro. Mune mamwe mazwi: kusarudzwa kwepamutemo kwekutambura kukuru kune vanhu vose. Kana izvozvo zvisingaiti kuparadza nemaune, ini handizivi kuti chii.

Kupindira kweIraq kwaive kwakagadziriswa se "decapitation," "hurumende inoshanduka." Mutongi akadzingwa kubva panzvimbo, akazobatwa, uye akazourayiwa achitevera kuedza kwakakomba kwakadzivisa uchapupu hweUnited States mumhosva dzake. VaIraq vakawanda vaifara nekubviswa kwaSaddam Hussein, asi vakakurumidza kutanga kukumbira kubviswa kweuto reUnited States kubva kunyika yavo. Kwakanga kusingatenderi here? "Tinokutendai nekuisa mutongi wedu. Usarega hako yebhondi ichikurova iwe pabongoro paunenge uchibuda! "Hmm. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvinzwike sekuti United States yaida kugara, uye sekuti kana veIraqiti vakatipa chikwereti chekutibvumira kuti tigare. Izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo nekugara usingadi kuti tiite basa redu rehutano hwehudziri. Ndeipi?

Chikamu: VANHU VAKAWANDA

Munhu anokwanisa sei kuva nevanhu? Zvinoshamisa kuti Powell, munhu weAfrica, vamwe vemadzitateguru avo vaiva varanda veJamaica, vakataurira mutungamiri kuti achava vanhu vake, vanhu vane ruvara rwakasvibiswa avo vazhinji veAmerica vakabata rusaruro. Powell akanga achikakavara pamusoro pekupinda, kana kuti kunyeverwa kwezvaizobatanidzwa. Asi kuva nevanhu kunofanirwa kuve nekubatanidzwa here? Kana United States nehizha rayo-maonde "coalition" rezvinyorwa zviduku kubva kune dzimwe nyika rakanga rabuda muIraq apo George W. Bush akazivisa "mission" yakaitwa muchiteshi chendaneti pane imwe ndege inotakura muSan Diego Harbour muna May 1, 2003 , uye kwete kuparadzanisa mauto eIraq, uye kwete kuvhara misha nemiganhu, kwete kupesana kwemadzinza emadzinza, kwete kudzivirira maIraisis kubva kushanda kugadzirisa kukanganisa, uye kwete kutungamirirwa mamiriyoni eIraisiti kubva mumisha yavo, zvino zvingadaro zvisina kumbove yakanaka, asi inenge inenge yakasanganisira kushungurudzika kudarika zvakanyanya kuitwa, kutevera ganda rekutungira ivhu.

Kana zvakadini kudai United States yakanga yanyatsorumbidza Iraq pamusoro pokurwisana kwayo, iyo hurumende yeUnited States yakadzidziswa zvakakwana? Zvakadini kudai tainge tabvisa mauto edu kubva munzvimbo yacho, tikabvisa zvisizvo, uye takagumisa mitemo yezvematongerwe enyika, zvigadziro Munyori Wezvematongerwo enyika Madeleine Albright akanga achitaurirana mu1996 mune shanduro iyi purogiramu yemiterevhizheni 60 Minutes:

"LESLEY STAHL: Takanzwa kuti mamiriyoni hafu vana vakafa. Ndiri kureva, ndivo vana vakawanda kupfuura kufa muHiroshima. Uye, munoziva, mutengo unokosha here?

ALBRIGHT: Ndinofunga kuti ichi chisarudzo chakaoma, asi mutengo - tinofunga kuti mutengo unokosha. "

Yaiva? Zvakawanda zvakazadziswa kuti hondo yakanga ichiri kudiwa mu 2003? Vaya vana vangadai vasina kuponeswa kwemamwe makore manomwe uye zvakafanana nezviitiko zvezvematongerwe enyika? Zvakadini kudai United States yakanga yashanda neIraq inopedzisira yashandurwa kuti inokurudzira kuve nekudengenyeka kweMiddle East, kusanganisira nyika dzayo dzose mune imwe nzvimbo isina simba renyukireya, kukurudzira Israeri kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya panzvimbo panzvimbo yekukurudzira Iran kuedza kuwana imwe? George W. Bush akanga aita kuti Iran, Iraq neNorth Korea dzive "hutsinye hwehuipi," dzakarwisa nyika isina kugadziriswa yeIraq, dzisingateereri nyukliya-dzakagadzirisa North Korea, uye dzakatanga kutyisidzira Iran. Dai iwe uri Iran, ungadai waida chii?

Zvakadini kudai United States yakapa rubatsiro rwezvemari kuIraq, Iran, nedzimwe nyika dziri munharaunda yacho, uye yakatungamirira kuedza kuvapa (kana kuti zvigadziriswa zvigadziriswa zviri kudzivirira kuvaka) mhepo, magetsi ezuva, uye simba rekugadzirisa magetsi, saka kuunza magetsi kune vakawanda panzvimbo pevanhu vashomanana? Basa rakadai haringambove rakakosha chero chinhu chakafanana nemamiriyoni emadhora emadhora pakurwa pakati pe2003 ne2010. Kune imwezve mari shoma shoma, tingadai takaita purogiramu huru yevadzidzi vechikoro pakati pezvikoro zveIraq, Iranian, uye US. Hapana chinoodza mwoyo hondo sezvisungo zveushamwari nemhuri. Sei nzira yakadai isingadai isina kuita uye yakakomba uye tsika dzakanaka sekuzivisa ushu hwenyika yeumwe munhu nekuda kwekuti isu taizoiputira?

Chikamu chekusagumburana, ndinofunga, kunokera pamusoro pokukundikana kufungidzira kuti bombing yakaita sei. Kana isu tichifunga nezvayo senyaya yakachena uye isina chakaipa yeblips pamutambo wemavhidhiyo, panguva iyo "mabhomba akachenjera" anovandudza Baghdad ne "chirwere" achibvisa vanoita zvakaipa, vozoenderera mberi kuenda kune rimwe danho rinotevera rekuzadzikisa mabasa edu sevatengi vepasi zviri nyore. Kana, pane kudaro, tinofungidzira kuuraya uye kutyisa-kuuraya nekuremara kwevana nevakuru zvakapfuurira apo Baghdad yakaputirwa, zvino pfungwa dzedu dzinosvika kune kukumbira ruregerero uye kugadziriswa sekutanga kwedu, uye tinotanga kusava nechokwadi kana tine kodzero kana kumira kuti uzviite sevenzi vezvasara. Kutaura zvazviri, kuputira pombi paPottery Barn kwaizoguma nekubhadhara kwedu kwekukuvadza nekukumbira ruregerero, kwete kutarisa kuputika kwezvimwe zvehari.

Chikamu: RACIST GENEROSITY

Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chekusawirirana pakati pepro-anti-potterybarners, ndinofunga, inouya kune simba rakasimba uye rinonyengera rinokurukurwa muchitsauko chekutanga: rusarura. Yeuka Mutungamiri McKinley achida kuronga kuPhilippine nokuti varombo veMaphilippines vakanga vasingakwanisi kuzviita ivo pachavo? William Howard Taft, Gavhuna wekutanga weAmerican-General wePhilippine, akadana vaFhilippines "hama dzedu shoma." MuVietnam, apo veVivcong vakazviratidza kuda kuzvipira upenyu hwavo hwakawanda pasina kuzvipira, izvo zvakava uchapupu hwokuti vakaisa zvishoma kukosha pahupenyu, izvo zvakava uchapupu hwehupenyu hwavo hwakashata, izvo zvakava zvikonzero zvekuuraya kunyangwe kwavari.

Kana tikasarudzira ganda rekutungira ivhu kwekanguva uye tifunga, pane kudaro, yekutonga kwegoridhe, tinowana rudzi rwakasiyana rwekutungamirirwa. "Itai kune vamwe sezvamunoda kuti vaite kwamuri." Kana imwe nyika yakapinda nyika yedu, uye mhinduro yacho yakangoerekana yakashata; dai zvakanga zvisina kujeka rudzi rwehurumende, kana rwakadaro, rwaizobuda; dai rudzi rwacho rwaiva munjodzi yekuputswa-bvambura; kana paine hondo yevagari vemo kana hutsinye; uye kana pasina chaive chokwadi, chii chinhu chokutanga chatingadi kuti varwi vehondo vauye kuzoita? Ndizvo chaizvo: bvisa gehena kunze kwenyika yedu! Uye chaizvoizvo ndizvo izvo vazhinji vevaIrais muzvikwata zvakawanda vaudza United States kuti iite kwemakore. George McGovern naWilliam Polk vakanyora muna 2006:

"Hazvishamisi kuti vazhinji veAraqis vanofunga kuti United States haizombotori kunze kunze kwekumanikidzwa kuita kudaro. Iyi manzwiro angangodaro anotsanangura kuti nei USA USA / CNN / Gallup sarudzo yakaratidza kuti hupfumi pane gumi gumi muIraqis vakaona America kwete se 'musununguri' asi somunhu anoshanda, uye 88 muzana yevaSunni Muslim Arabs vaida kurwiswa kwechisimba kumauto eAmerica. "

Zvechokwadi, zviputi izvozvo uye vezvematongerwe enyika vanobatsirwa nebasa rinosarudza kuona richienderera mberi. Asi kunyange mukati mehurumende yemapurisa, Paramende yeIraq yakaramba kubvumirana chibvumirano icho Vatungamiri Bush naMariki vakagadzirira mu 2008 kuti vandudze basa racho kwemakore matatu, kunze kwekuti vanhu vakapiwa mukana wekuvhota iyo kana pasi pasi muhurukuro. Vhoti iyoyo yakazonyatsorambwa yakanyatsorambwa nokuti munhu wose aiziva kuti mugumo waizove sei. Kupa vanhu kunze kwekunaka kwemwoyo yedu chinhu chimwe chete, ndinotenda, asi kuzviita maererano nevanoda ndezvemwe. Uye ndiani akasarudza nemaune kuti ave iye?

Chikamu: NDI TINONYANYA?

Kuva nerupo zvechokwadi chinokurudzira mushure mehondo dzedu, pasinei nekutanga kwadzo kana kuwedzerwa kwadzo? Kana rudzi rune rupo kune mamwe marudzi, rinoratidzika kunge ringava saizvozvo munzira dzinopfuura imwe. Asi, kana iwe ukaongorora runyorwa rwemarudzi rwakatarwa nerudo rwavanopa kune vamwe uye runyorwa rwemarudzi rwakatarwa nemishonga yavo yehondo, hapana kuwirirana. Mutsamba yenyika dzakapfuma pane gumi nemaviri, dzinotarirwa mumashoko ekupa kune dzimwe nyika, United States iri pedyo nepasi, uye chinhu chikuru che "rubatsiro" chatinopa kune dzimwe nyika ndechechokwadi zvombo. Kana kugovera kwega kugoverwa nehupo hwekupa hurumende, United States inofamba zvishoma zvishoma mumutsara. Kana mari iyo yakabva kune dzimwe nyika inotumira kune mhuri dzavo yakabatanidzwa, United States inogona kuwedzera zvishoma, kunyange zvazvo iyo inoratidzika semhando yakasiyana yekupa.

Paunotarisa nyika dzepamusoro maererano nemari yekushandisa mari yevanhu, hapana imwe yenyika dzakapfuma kubva kuEurope, Asia, kana North America inoita chero ipi zvayo pedyo nepamusoro pehurongwa, pamwe chete neUnited States. Nyika yedu inouya yegumi nemana, ine nyika ye10 iri pamusoro payo muhondo yekushandisa mari yevanhu vose kubva kuMiddle East, North Africa, kana pakati peAsia. Greece inouya mu23rd, South Korea 36th, uye United Kingdom 42nd, pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope neAsia dzinoenderera mberi pasi pasi. Mukuwedzera, United States ndiyo inonyanya kubudisa kunze kwekutengesa zvombo zvemabhizimisi, neRussia ndiyo imwe chete nyika munyika inouya kunyange kure kure nayo.

Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti nyika yeHNUMX yakapfuma yakawanda, iyo yakawanda inowedzera kupa rudo kune dzimwe nyika kupfuura isu isu muUnited States, 22 haina kutanga hondo chero ipi zvayo mumarudzi, kana iripo, uye yakawanda yakatora maduku maduku muU.-inotungamirirwa hondo coalitions; imwe yeimwe nyika mbiri, South Korea, inongobatanidza chete neNorth Korea nekubvumirwa kweUnited States; uye nyika yekupedzisira, United Kingdom, inonyanya kutevera US kutungamirira.

Kuvandudza vahedheni kwaigara kuchionekwa sekutumwa nerupo (kunze kwevahedheni). Ratidza kuguma kwaitendwa kuve kuratidzwa kwerudo rwaMwari. Maererano nenyanzvi yezvevanhu, Clark Wissler, “apo boka rinouya mumhinduro nyowani kuchimwe chezvinetso zvaro zvetsika, rinoshingairira kuparadzira pfungwa iyoyo kune dzimwe nyika, uye rinokurudzirwa kutanga nguva yekukunda kumanikidza kuzivikanwa kwezvakakodzera. ” Paradzira? Paradzira? Ndekupi kwatakanzwa chimwe chinhu nezvekuparadzira mhinduro yakakosha? Ah, hongu, ndinorangarira:

"Uye nzira yechipiri yekukundisa magandanga ndiko kuparadzira rusununguko. Iwe unoona, iyo nzira yakanakisisa yekukunda sangano iro-risina tariro, sangano apo vanhu vanotsamwa kwazvo ivo vanoda kuzviuraya, kuparadzira rusununguko, kuparadzira rusununguko. "- Mutungamiri George W. Bush, June 8, 2005.

Iyi haisi benzi pfungwa nokuti Bush inotaura zvisinganzwisisi uye inobvunza shoko rokuti "vanozviuraya." Icho chinhu chisina maturo nokuti rusununguko uye demokarasi hazvikwanisi kuiswa pfuti nemumwe mutorwa kunze kwevanhu vanofunga zvishomanana zvevanhu vatsva vakasununguka kuti vanoda kuuraya vasingazviiti. Ida democracy inotarisirwa kare kuti igare yakatendeseka kuUnited States haisi hurumende inomiririra, asi pane imwe yekusanganisa kusinganzwisisi nechisimba. Ida democracy yakagadzirirwa kuitira kuratidzira kunyika kuti nzira yedu ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa isingaiti kuumba hurumende,, uye kuvanhu.

Mutungamiriri wekuAmerica Stanley McChrystal akatsanangura mhinduro yakarongwa asi yakundikana yekuumba hurumende muMarjah, Afghanistan, mu2010; iye akati aizounza chikwata chakatorwa nemaoko uye sangano revatorwa vokune imwe nyika se "hurumende mubhokisi." Haungadi here kuti kune imwe nyika mauto kuunza imwe yeiyo kuguta renyu?

Ne 86 muzana yeAmerica muna February 2010 CNN sarudzo inoti hurumende yedu inoputsika, tine ruzivo-sei, tisingambofungi simba, kuisa mufananidzo wehurumende kune mumwe munhu? Uye kana tikadaro, mauto angadai ari chimbo chekuita?

Chikamu: UNOFANIRA KUTI WAKADZIDZA HERE NESI?

Kutarisa kubva pane zvakaitika kare, kusika rudzi rutsva nekumanikidza kunowanzokundikana. Tinowanidza basa iri "kuvaka-nyika" kunyange zvazvo kazhinji isingaiti nyika. Muna May 2003, nyanzvi mbiri paCarnegie Endowment for International Peace dzakabudisa chidzidzo chekare chekuUnited States pakuvaka nyika, kuongororwa-muzviitiko zvakatarwa - Cuba, Panama, Cuba zvakare, Nicaragua, Haiti, Cuba, zvakare zvakare, Dominican Republic, West Germany, Japan, Dominican Republic zvakare, South Vietnam, Cambodia, Grenada, Panama zvakare, Haiti zvakare, uye Afghanistan. Paya idzi 16 kuedza pakuvaka nyika, mune zvina chete, vanyori vakapedzisa, yaiva democracy yakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba makore 10 mushure mekubuda kwemauto eUnited States.

Noku "kubva" kwemauto eUnited States, vanyori vekurongwa pamusoro apa zvakajeka zvinoreva kuderedza, sezvo mauto eUnited States haana kumbobvira aenda. Maviri emarudzi mana aya akaparadzwa zvachose uye akakundwa neJapan neGermany. Mamwe maviri aiva vavakidzani veUnited States - Grenada duku nePanama. Izvo zvinodanwa kuti nyika kuvaka muPanama inonzi inotora makore 23. Iyo yakareba nguva yakareba yaizoita mabasa eAfghanistan neIraq ku2024 uye 2026 maererano.

Hazvina kumboitika, vanyori vakawana, vane hurumende yehurumende yakatsigirwa neUnited States, yakadai seiyo muAfghanistan neIraq, yakaita shanduko kune democracy. Vanyori vekudzidza uku, Minxin Pei naSara Kasper, vakaonawo kuti kusimbisa hutongi hwekugara hwakanga husati hwava chinangwa chikuru:

"Chinangwa chikuru chekutanga kwekuvaka nyika kweUnited States chaive mumagariro akawanda. Pakuedza kwayo kwekutanga, Washington yakasarudza kutora kana kutsigira hurumende kune imwe nyika kuti idzivirire nheyo yadzo yekuchengetedza uye zvezvemari, kwete kuvaka demokarasi. Izvozvo chete zvakazoita zvinangwa zvezvematongerwe enyika zveAmerica uye kudiwa kwekusimbisa pamba yekuvaka kuvaka nyika kunoita kuti iedze kusimbisa hurumende yehurumende mune zvinotarirwa nyika. "

Iwe unofunga kuti rupo rwekugarisana runyararo rungave rwakazvimiririra kurwisa hondo here? Zvechokwadi Pentagon-yakasikwa RAND Corporation inofanirwa kuve yakasarura nokuda kwehondo. Uye zvakadaro rondedzero yeRAND yekuita mabasa uye kusaremekedza mu2010, chidzidzo chakabudiswa kuU.S. Marine Corps, chakawana kuti 90 muzana yezvakaipa zvekurwisana nehurumende dzisina simba, seAfghanistan, dzinobudirira. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuvaka-rudzi, kana kuti kwete kubva kune dzimwe nyika, kunokundikana.

Zvechokwadi, kunyange sevatsigiri vehondo vakatiudza kuti tiwedzere uye "tigare tambo" muAfghanistan mu2009 uye 2010, nyanzvi dzinobva kumativi ose ezvematongerwo enyika dzakabvumirana kuti kuita kudaro hakukwanise kuita chimwe chinhu, zvishoma kana kupa zvipo zvakawanda muAfghan . Nhume yedu, Karl Eikenberry, inopesana nekukura kwetambo dzakakoshwa. Vakawanda vekare vaiva vakuru vakuru muuto uye CIA yaida kubvisa. Matthew Hoh, mukuru mukuru wehurumende yeUnited States muPurumende yeZabul uye aichimbova mutungamiri wechikepe, akarega uye akarega kubvisa. Saizvozvowo mutungamiri wenyika, Ann Wright, akanga abatsira kubvumirazve hurumende yeA Afghanistan mu2001. Mutungamiri weNational Security Advisor akafunga kuti mamwe mauto "aizongomedzwa." Vazhinji vehurumende yeUnited States vakapikisa hondo, uye kushorwa kwaive kwakasimba pakati pevanhu veAfghan, kunyanya muKandahar, uko kuwanikwa kweSouth Army -bhadharwa mari yakawanikwa kuti 94 chikamu cheKandaharis chaida nhaurirano, kwete kurwisa, uye 85 muzana vakati vakaona maTaliban se "hama dzedu dzeAfghan."

Sachigaro weSeneate Foreign Relations Committee, uye kusungirirwa kwekuwedzera, John Kerry akataura kuti kurwiswa kwaMarja kwakange kuri kuedzwa kunotambudza kuKandahar kwakakundikana. Kerry zvakare akataura kuti kuTaliban kuurayiwa muKandahar kwakatanga apo United States ichizivisa kurwisana kuri kuuya ikoko. Saka sei, akabvunza, kukwikwidza kwaizoita here kumira kuuraya? Kerry nevamwe vake, vasati vataya imwe $ 33.5 mabhiriyoni muAfghanistan kuwedzera ku2010, vakaratidza kuti hugandanga hwave huchiwedzera munyika yose mu "Hondo Yenyika Yose Mukutyisa." Kuwedzera kwe 2009 muAfghanan kwave kwakateverwa ne87 yezana kuwedzera mu chisimba, maererano ne Pentagon.

Masoja akanga atanga, kana kuti panzvimbo yake akadzorerwa kubva kuVietnam mazuva, chirongwa cheIraq kwemakore mana muhondo iyo yakashandiswawo kuA Afghanistan, urongwa hwomwoyo hunozivikanwa hunoti Counter-Insurgence. Pepanhau, izvi zvaida kuti 80 muzana inotengeswa muhurumende kuedza "kukunda mwoyo nemafungiro" uye 20 muzana mumabasa ehondo. Asi mune dzimwe nyika mbiri, urongwa uhwu hwakanga hunoshandiswa chete pakureva, kwete chokwadi. Zvechokwadi kushandiswa kwemauto kusina zvechiuto muAfghanistan hakuna kumbobvisa 5 muzana, uye murume ari mutariri wayo, Richard Holbrooke, akatsanangura basa rehurumende se "kutsigira mauto."

Panzvimbo poku "kuparadzira rusununguko" nemabhosi nepfuti, chii chingave chakaipa nekuparadzira zivo? Kana kudzidza kunotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwehurumende, sei usina kuparadzira dzidzo? Sei usina kupa mari yehutano hwevana uye zvikoro, pane kunyunguduka ganda kune vana vane phosphorus? Kurambidzwa Kworugare rweNobel Shirin Ebadi akarayira, zvichienderana neSeptember 11, 2001, uhugandanga, kuti panzvimbo yekuputira Afghanistan, United States inogona kuvaka zvikoro muAfghanistan, mumwe nomumwe anonzi uye anokudza mumwe munhu akaurawa muWorld Trade Center, nokudaro anovaka kuonga rubatsiro rwakakura uye kunzwisisa kwekukuvadza kunoitwa nechisimba. Chero zvaunofunga nezvenzira yakadaro, zvakaoma kupokana hazvingadai zvisina kupa uye pamwe zvichienderana nemutemo wekuda vavengi.

Chikamu: NGETEI NDIZOBATSIRE KUNHU IYE

Unyengeri hwemabasa anogadziriswa huripo hunooneka hunooneka kana waita muzita rokubvisa mabasa apfuura. Apo Japan rakasarudza vaEuropean colonialists kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia chete kuti vazvitore ivo pachavo, kana apo United States yakasunungura Cuba kana kuti Philippines kuitira kuti itonge nyika iyo pachayo, musiyano pakati pezwi nezviito zvakakwira kwauri. Mune miviri mienzaniso iyi, Japan neUnited States dzakapa hupfumi, tsika, mazuva ano, hutungamiri, uye mazano, asi vakazvipa pamurongo wepfuti kana munhu aida ivo kana kwete. Uye kana mumwe munhu akazviita, zvakanaka, nyaya yavo yakatanga kumhanya kumba. Apo vaAmerica vainzwa nyaya dzechiGermany chisimba muBelgium neFrance panguva yeHondo Yenyika I, maGerman vaive vachiverenga nhoroondo dzekuti vaFrance vaigara vaida sei avo vaigara muGermany vaibatsira. Uye iwe haugoni kuverenga paNew York Times kuti uwane Iraqi kana Afghanistan inonetseka kuti vaAmerica vangazosiya nokukurumidza?

Chero basa ripi neripi rinofanira kushanda pamwe neboka rakakura revagari vemunharaunda, avo vachazobatsigirawo basa. Asi mubati haafaniri kukanganisa kutsigirwa kwakadaro kwemaonero evanhu vazhinji, sezvo United States yave iri tsika yekuita kubvira ne1899. Uyewo haufaniri "munhu wekuzvarwa" kune imwe nyika basa rinotarisirwa kunyengera vanhu:

"VaBritish, sevana veAmerica,. . . vaidavira kuti mauto evanhu vangave vasingadi kufarirwa kupfuura vatorwa. Icho chirevo ndechokuti. . . Zvinoshushikana: kana mauto evanhu vanoonekwa seve vana vekune dzimwe nyika, vangangopesana zvakanyanya kupfuura vatorwa ivo pachavo. "

Mauto emuno anogona zvakare kunge asina kuvimbika kune avo vanogara uye asina kudzidziswa munzira dzeuto rinotora. Izvi munguva pfupi zvinotungamira pakupomera vanhu vakafanirwa avo vatakatorera nyika yavo nekuda kwekusagona kuisiya. Ivo vava "vane chisimba, vasingakwanise, uye vasina kuvimbika," seMcKinley White House yakaratidza vaPhilippines, uye seImba yeBush naObama White yakaratidza maIraq nemaAfghan.

Munyika inobatanidzwa ine zvikamu zvayo zvemukati, mapoka mashomanana angatya kuitirwa utsinye nemaoko ehuwandu anofanira kuita basa rekune dzimwe nyika kuguma. Chinetso ichocho chikonzero chemuzangariro Mazhenje ekuteerera mazano emangwana rePowells uye kwete kupinda munzvimbo yekutanga. Icho chikonzero chekusavhiringidza kupatsanurana mukati, sezvo vanogara vachiwanzoita, kunyanya kuda kuti vanhu vauraye mumwe kune umwe kunze kwekuti vanobatanidza kupikisana nekunze kwenyika. Uye ichi chikonzero chokukurudzira dhigirizheni dzenyika dzakawanda uye simba rakanaka pamusoro penyika apo uchibvisa uye uchibhadhara zvipo.

Izvo zvinotyisa mushure mekuita zvechisimba hazvirevi, asi, kazhinji kacho chikonzero chinonyengetedza chekuwedzera basa. Nechinhu chimwe, iyo inopesana yekushanda kwekusingaperi. Kune rimwe, huwandu hwechisimba huri kuratidzwa zvakare muhurumende yeumambo sehondo yehurumende huri kuwanzo hutambudziro hunoendeswa kune vanogara uye nevashandi vavo. Apo basa racho rinopera, ndizvo zvinoita zvakawanda zvechisimba. Izvi zvakaratidzwa muIraq semapoka evanhu akaderedza kuvapo kwavo; chisimba chakaderera zvakakodzera. Zvizhinji zvechisimba muBasra zvakaguma apo mauto eBritish ipapo akarega kugadzirisa kutonga zvechisimba. Chirongwa chekudzoka kubva kuIraq kuti George McGovern naWilliam Polk (uyo aimbova seneti uye wedzinza raimbova Mutungamiri Polk, maererano) zvakabudiswa mu2006 yakaronga bhiriji pfupi kuti ripedze rusununguko, mazano asina kutendwa:

"Hurumende yeIraqi inenge iine huchenjeri yekukumbira kushanda kwenguva pfupi kwemauto emarudzi ose kuti apolise nyika munguva uye pakarepo mushure mokunge Amerika isununguka. Simba rakadaro rinofanira kunge riri pabasa rekunguva pfupi, uye zuva rakasimba rakagadzirirwa kusati raenda kubvisa. Nhamba yedu ndeyekuti Iraq inogona kuidya kwemakore anenge maviri mushure mokunge Amerika yadzokera. Munguva iyi, simba racho ringangodaro ringave richifamba zvishoma nezvishoma asi richidzoka zvishoma nezvishoma, zvose kune vashandi uye mukuendesa. Mabasa ayo aizongogumira pakuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. . . . Ingave isina chido chematangi kana zvombo kana ndege inotyisa. . . . Zvaisazoedza. . . kuti varwe nevapanduki. Zvechokwadi, mushure mekusunungurwa kwemasoja eAmerica neBritain nguva dzose uye neanenge ma25,000 dzimwe nyika dzenyika, kupandukira, iyo yakanga iri nechinangwa chekuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho, ingarashikirwa nekutsigirwa kwevanhu. . . . Zvadaro varume vemhomho vaizoisa pasi zvombo zvavo kana kuti vazive pachena sevahedheni. Izvi zvakaguma kuitika kwekupandukira kuAlgeria, Kenya, Ireland (Eire), uye kune imwe nzvimbo. "

Chikamu: COPS DZENYIKA BENEVOLENCE SOCIETY

Haisi kungoenderera mberi kwehondo kunonzi kwakarurama. Kutanga kurwisana nemasimba masimba mukudzivirira ruramisiro, kunyange zvazvo iyo inokurudzira kudarika zvengirozi manzwiro mune vamwe vatsigiri vehondo, inowanzoonekwa zvakare sekusachena uye kusazvipira kwakachena. "Ari kuchengetedza Nyika kuchengeteka kuDemocratic. Nyora uye Mubatsire, "verenga US post War I yeHondo Yenyika, achizadzisa mutungamiri Wilson Wilson murairo wekuti Komiti yeZviri Ruzivo inopa" ruramisiro yakakwana yeAmerica, "uye" kusazvipira kwakakwana kwezvinangwa zveAmerica. "Apo Mutungamiri Franklin Roosevelt akakurudzira Congress kugadzira hondo yehondo uye kubvumira "kukwereta" kwezvombo kuBritain pamberi peUnited States kupinda muHondo Yenyika II, akafananidza purogiramu yake yekukweretesa-yekugadzirisa hovha kune muvakidzani ane imba yaipisa.

Zvadaro, muzhizha re1941, Roosevelt akafanirwa kuenda kunobata hove uye chaizvoizvo akasangana naHurezidhendi Churchill kubva kumhenderekedzo yeNewfoundland. FDR yakadzokera kuWashington, DC, ichirondedzera mhemberero inofambisa apo iye naChurchill vakaimba "Onward Christian Soldiers." FDR naChurchill vakabudisa musangano wekubatana wakagadzirwa pasina vanhu kana vedare rehurumende yeimwe nyika yakaisa mazano ayo maviri vatungamiri 'marudzi aizorwisana nehondo uye kuumba nyika shure, pasinei nokuti United States yakanga isati iri muhondo. Uyu mutauro, uyo wakazonzi Atlantic Charter, wakajekesa kuti Britain neUnited States vaifarira rugare, rusununguko, kururamisira, uye kubatana uye vakanga vasina hanya pane zvose pakuvaka umambo. Aya aiva manzwiro akanaka pane izvo mamiriyoni aigona kuita muchisimba chinotyisa.

Kusvikira yakapinda muHondo Yenyika II, United States yakapa mishonga yekufa kuBritain. Kutevedzera muenzaniso uyu, zvombo zvose nemauto akatumirwa kuKorea uye zviito zvinotevera zvave zvichitondedzerwa se "rubatsiro rwemauto." Nokudaro pfungwa yokuti hondo iri kuita munhu anofarira yakagadzirirwa mumutauro chaiwo wakashandiswa kuitumidza. Hondo yeKorea, seAIDS-yakarongerwa "chiito chemapurisa," yakarondedzerwa kwete kwete chete rudo, asiwo sevanhu venyika yose vachibhadharira hurumende kuti vatsigire runyararo, sezvo vaAmerica vakanaka vangadai vakaita muguta reMadokero. Asi kuva mupurisa wenyika hakuna kumbokunda avo avo vaitenda kuti yakanga yakanaka asi havana kufunga kuti nyika yakakodzera kufarirwa. Kana kuti haina kukunda avo vakazviona sechikonzero chekupedzisira chehondo. Chizvarwa chakatevera Hondo yeKorea, Phil Ochs akanga achiimba achiti:

Uyai, bvisai munzira, vakomana

Kurumidza, bvisa panzira

Iwe zviri nani kutarisa zvaunotaura, vakomana

Zviri nani kuona zvaunotaura

Takagadzirirwa muchiteshi chako uye wakasungirirwa kuchiteshi chako

Uye mapfuti edu ane nzara uye shungu dzedu dzinopfupika

Saka uunze vanasikana vako kumativi ose kumahombekombe

'Ndizvo tiri isu Cops of the World, vakomana

Isu tiri Cops of the World

Ne 1961, mapurisa enyika aive muVietnam, asi vamiririri veMutungamiri Kennedy ipapo vaifunga kuti akawanda mauto aidiwa uye aiziva hurumende uye mutungamiri aizorwisana nekuvatumira. Pane chimwe chinhu, haungagoni kuchengetedza chimiro chako sevapfumi venyika kana iwe wakatumira musimba guru kuti uite hurumende isingafarirwi. Chii chaunofanira kuita? Chii chaunofanira kuita? Ralph Stavins, coauthor yenhoroondo yakawanda yeVietnam War planning, inotaura kuti General Maxwell Taylor naWalt ​​W. Rostow,

". . . akashamisika kuti United States inogona kuenda sei kuhondo ichiratidzika kuchengetedza runyararo. Apo vaifungisisa mubvunzo uyu, Vietnam yakangoerekana yakundwa nemafashamo. Zvaiita sokuti Mwari akanga aita chishamiso. Masoja eAmerica, achiita zvido zvevanhu, anogona kutumirwa kununura Vietnam kwete kubva kuView Cong, asi kubva kune mafashamo. "

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichochete icho Smedley Butler aida kuita kuti zvikepe zveUnited States zvipinde mukati ma200 makiromita eUnited States, mumwe angaratidza kurega huni reUnited States kurwisa hondo. Mapoka akatumirwa kununurwa kwenjodzi ane nzira yekugadzira njodzi itsva. Rubatsiro rwekuAmerica runowanzonyunyuta, kunyange kana rwakarongedzwa nevagari vemuUnited States, nokuti rinouya nenzira yehondo yekurwa isina kukwanisa uye isina kugadzirira kupa rubatsiro. Chero pese pane dutu guru muHaiti, hakuna munhu anogona kuziva kana United States yakapa vashandi vekubatsira kana kuti yakagadzirirwa mutemo. Mune njodzi dzakawanda kumativi ese enyika mapurisa enyika haauye zvachose, achireva kuti pavanosvika chinangwa chingasave chakanaka zvachose.

Muna 1995 mapurisa enyika akagumburwa kuYugoslavia kunze kwekunaka kwemwoyo yavo. Mutungamiri Clinton akatsanangura kuti:

"Hondo yeAmerica haizovi yekurwa hondo. Zvichava nekubatsira vanhu veBosnia kuti vawane chibvumirano chavo cherugare. . . . Mukuzadzisa basa iri, tichave nemukana wokubatsira kubvisa kuurayiwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva, kunyanya vana. . . . "

Makumi gumi nemaviri gare gare, zvakaoma kuona kuti vaBosnia vakachengetedza sei rugare rwavo. US uye mamwe mauto kunze kwenyika haana kumbobvira asiya, uye nzvimbo inotungamirirwa neHhovisi yeEurope-backed Representative.

Chikamu: KUTANGA KWEMADZIDZO EVAMADZI

Vakadzi vakawana kodzero muAfghanistan muZ1970s, United States isati yaita kuti Soviet Union inopinda uye yakashongedza kuda kwaOsama bin Laden kurwisa. Pakava nemashoko mashoma akanaka kuvakadzi kubvira. IRevolutionary Association ye Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) yakasimbiswa mu1977 sehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika / sangano revanhu veAfghan mukutsigira kodzero dzevanhu uye kururamisira kwevanhu. Muna 2010, RAWA yakabudisa chirevo chekutaura pamusoro peAmerica kunyengera kwekugara muAfghanistan nekuda kwevakadzi vavo:

"[United States uye vashandi varo] vakapikira magandanga anonyanyisa zvikuru eNorth Alliance nemapurushu epakutanga eRussia - maKhalqis neParchamis - uye nokuvimba navo, veU.S. vakapa hurumende yemapurisa kuvanhu veAghan. Uye pane kubvisa zvisikwa zvayo zveTaliban neAl-Qaeda, United States neNATO vanoramba vachiuraya vanhu vedu vasina mhosva uye varombo, kunyanya vakadzi nevana, mumhepo yavo ine utsinye. "

Mukuona kwevatungamiri vazhinji vevakadzi muAfghanistan, kupindira uye basa hazvina kuitira vakadzi kodzero dzakanaka, uye vakagumisira chibereko ichocho nekudhura kwebhomba, kupfura, uye kushungurudza zviuru zvevakadzi. Icho hachisi chakanaka uye chinotarisirwa. Icho ndicho chinangwa chehondo, uye chakanga chisingataurikiki. Simba duku reTaliban rinobudirira muAfghanistan nokuti vanhu vanotsigira. Izvi zvinoguma kuUnited States zvisiri izvo zvakatsigira iyo zvakare.

Panguva yekunyora uku, kwemwedzi yakawanda uye zvichida kwemakore, zvichida yechipiri chikuru uye zvichida ndiyo yakakura yemari yemari yevaTaliban vave vebhapiti veUnited States. Tinovhara vanhu kure nekupa saridhi kune muvengi, nepo hurumende yedu inoshumira semukuru mukuru wezvemari. WARLORD, INC .: Kudzvinyirira uye Uori Pakati peSouth Supply Chain muAustralia, iri mharidzo ye2010 inobva kuVa Major Staff of the Subcommittee ye National Security and Foreign Affairs muUnited States House of Representatives. Mharidzo yacho inonyora zvikwereti kune veTaliban kuti vawane nzira yakachengeteka yezvigadzirwa zveUnited States, zvingangove zvakakura zvikuru kupfuura zvinyorwa zveTaliban kubva kune opium, imwe yakaita guru guru. Izvi zvakagara zvichizivikanwa nevakuru vakuru veUnited States, avo vanozivawo kuti vaAfghan, kusanganisira avo vanorwira vaTaliban, vanowanzonyora kuti vagamuchire kurovedzwa uye kubhadhara kubva kuuto reUnited States ndokubva vaenda, uye dzimwe nguva vanyore zvakare uye zvakare.

Izvi zvinofanira kunge zvisingazikamwi kuAmerica vanotsigira hondo. Iwe haugoni kutsigira hondo umo iwe uri kubhadhara mitezo miviri, kusanganisira rutivi rwaunofanirwa kudzivirira vakadzi veA Afghanistan.

Chikamu: ISICASING A CRIME RECLESSSS?

Senetare Barack Obama vakakurudzira hurumende mu2007 uye 2008 pane imwe nzvimbo yakadaidza kukura hondo muA Afghanistan. Akaita izvozvo nguva pfupi mushure mokunge vatora hofisi, kunyange vasati vasarudza chirongwa chipi chekuita muA Afghanistan. Kungotumira mamwe mauto akanga ari mugumo pachake. Asi mutungamiri Obama akatarisa pakurwisana nemamwe hondo - Hondo yeIraq - nekuvimbisa kupedza. Akakunda Democratic prima zvikuru nekuda kwekuti aiva nerombo rakakwana kuti asave ari muCongress munguva yekuvhota kwekutanga kutenderwa kwehondo yeIraq. Kuti akavhota kakawanda kuti akwanise kubhadhara mari yakanga isati yambotaurwa mumasangano, sezvo seneta dzinongotarisirwa kubhadhara hondo kana dzichibvumira kana kwete.

Obama haana kuvimbisa kukurumidza kubviswa kwemauto ose eIraq. Kutaura zvazviri, pane nguva yaasina kurega kuti mushandirapamwe urege kuenda kunze kwekuzivisa "Tinofanira kunge takangwarira kubuda sezvatakanga tisina hanya kupinda." Anofanira kunge akaisa mumuromo uyu mushure mehope dzake. Munguva yesarudzo imwe chete boka reDemocratic candidate yeCongress rakabudisa izvo vaiti "Purogiramu Inopindira Yokugumisa Hondo muIraq." Kudikanwa kwekuita nekutarisira kwakanyatsofungidzirwa kuti kugumisa hondo nokukurumidza kungave kusina hanya uye kusina hanya. Iyi nharo yakanga yakashanda kuchengetedza Afghanistan neIraq hondo dzichienda kwemakore kare uye zvingabatsira kuvadzivirira kuenda kwemakore anotevera.

Asi kugumisa hondo uye mabasa zvinodiwa uye zvakarurama, kwete kushaya hanya uye utsinye. Uye haifaniri kunge yakafanana ne "kuregererwa" kwenyika. Vatungamiri vedu vakasarudzwa vanoona zvakaoma kutenda, asi pane dzimwe nzira kunze kwehondo yekuratidza vanhu nehurumende. Kana hutsotsi huripo huri kuenderera mberi, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuchimira, mushure mokunge tatarisa nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakanaka, kusanganisira kudzivisa mhosva dzomunguva yemberi imwechete uye kugadzirisa kukanganisa. Apo mhosva yakaipisisa yatinoziva yairi kuitika, hatidi kuti titevedzere pakuipedza sezvinobvira. Tinofanira kuigumisa pakarepo. Ichi ndicho chinhu chakanaka chatinogona kuitira vanhu venyika yatiri kurwisana navo. Tine chikwereti kune avo vanofarira kupfuura vamwe vose. Tinoziva kuti rudzi rwavo runogona kuva nezvinetso apo masoja edu anobva, uye kuti isu tiri mhosva yeimwe yematambudziko iwayo. Asi isu tinozivawo kuti havazovi netariro yehupenyu hwakanaka chero bedzi basa richiripo. Chigaro cheRawa pamusoro pekushanda kweAfghanistan ndechokuti mushure mekushanda kwenguva ichava yakaipa kana basa richiripo. Saka, chinhu chikuru chokutanga ndechokugumisa pakarepo hondo.

Hondo inouraya vanhu, uye hapana chakaipa. Sezvatichaona muchitsauko 8, hondo inouraya vanhu vese, kunyange zvazvo kukosha kwechiuto-zvechisarudzo chechivi chinoratidzika chisina kukwana. Kana imwe nyika yakabata United States, zvechokwadi hatidi kubvumira kuuraya avo veAmerica vakarwisana uye saka vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo sevanhu. Hondo inouraya vana, pamusoro pezvose, uye inotyisa zvinotambudza vakawanda vevana iyo haina kuuraya kana kuonda. Iyi haisi nhau chaiyo, asi inofanira kunge iri nguva dzose inofananidzwa sekururamisa kune dzimwe nguva zvinonzi hondo dzakasvibiswa uye mabhomba akaitwa "akachenjera" zvakakwana kuuraya chete vanhu vanoda chaizvo kuurayiwa.

Muna 1890 muvengi weUnited States akaudza vana vake nezvehondo yaive iri mu1838, hondo yeCherokee Indians:

"Mune imwe musha maiva amai vasina simba, sezviri pachena chirikadzi nevana vatatu vaduku, imwe chete mwana. Apo akaudzwa kuti aifanira kuenda, Amai vakaunganidza vana pamakumbo ake, vakanyengetera munyengetero wakazvininipisa mumutauro wavo wekuzvarwa, vakatora imbwa yekare yemhuri pamusoro, vakataurira chisikwa chakavimbika chakanaka, necheche yakasungirwa pamusana wayo uye ichiitungamirira mwana neruoko rumwe rwakatanga kutapwa kwake. Asi basa racho rakanga rakakura kwazvo kuna Amai vasina simba. Kurohwa kwemoyo kusakonzera kwakabvisa kutambura kwake. Akasimuka ndokufa nemwana wake musana wake, uye vamwe vana vake vaviri vakanamatira pamaoko ake.

"Chief Junaluska uyo akanga aponesa hupenyu hweMutungamiri [Andrew] Jackson muhondo yeHhashi Shoe akaona chiitiko ichi, misodzi ichiyerera pamatama ake nekusimudza chikwama chake akatendeukira kumeso kumatenga ndokuti, 'O Mwari wangu, dai ndaiva anozivikanwa pakurwa kweHash Shoe Shoe randinoziva iye zvino, nhoroondo yeAmerica ingadai yakave yakanyorwa zvakasiyana. "

Mune vhidhiyo yakabudiswa mu2010 neRethink Afghanistan, Zaitullah Ghiasi Wardak anorondedzera husiku husiku huri kuA Afghanistan. Heino shanduro yeChirungu:

"Ndini mwanakomana waAbhidul Ghani Khan. Ini ndiri kuPurovhinzi yeWardak, Chak District, Khan Khail Village. Pachine 3: 00 ndiri veAmerica vakakomba imba yedu, vakakwira kumusoro kwepamusoro pedenga nematanho. . . . Vakatora vaduku vatatu kunze, vakasunga maoko avo, vakaisa matanda madema pamisoro yavo. Vakavaitira zvakaipa uye vakavarova, vakavaudza kuti vagare ipapo uye vasati vafambe.

"Panguva ino, rimwe boka rakagogodza muimba yevaeni. Muzukuru wangu akati: 'Pandakanzwa kugogodza ndakakumbira vaAmerica kuti: "Sekuru vangu vakwegura uye vakaoma kunzwa. Ini ndichaenda newe uye ndimubudise kunze kwako. "'Akakundwa ndokuudzwa kuti arege kutama. Ipapo vakaputsa musuo weimba yevaeni. Baba vangu vakanga vavete asi akarovererwa 25 nguva mubhedha rake. . . . Iye zvino handizivi, chii chakaitwa nababa vangu? Uye chii chakaipa kubva kwaari? Akange ari 92 kwemakore. "

Hondo ndiyo yaizove yakaipa zvikuru pasi pano kunyange kana isina mari, isingashandisi mari, yakasara isina kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza, yakakurudzirwa pane kuderedza kodzero dzevagari vekumba, uye kunyange kana yakazadzisa chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Zvechokwadi, hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi chinogona kuitika.

Dambudziko rehondo harisi kuti varwi havasi vakashinga kana vavariro dzakanaka, kana kuti vabereki vavo havana kuvamutsira zvakanaka. Ambrose Bierce, uyo akapona muAmerica Civil War kuti anyore pamusoro payo makumi emakore gare gare nekutendeseka kwakashata uye kusava nekudanana kwakange kuri mutsva kune nyaya dzehondo, rinotsanangurwa kuti "Anopa" muDhiyabhorosi Duramazwi rake sezvinotevera:

"Pakutanga shoko iri raireva rakanaka kuburikidza nekuberekwa uye rakakodzera kushandiswa kune vanhu vakawanda kwazvo. Ikozvino zvinoreva kuremekedzwa nemasikirwo uye iri kutora zororo. "

Cynicism inonakidza, asi kwete yakarurama. Rupo ndeyechokwadi, izvo chaizvoizvo nei hondo dzemapapandende dzichikumbira zvenhema nekuda kwehondo dzavo. Vazhinji vechidiki vekuAmerica vakanyora zvekuisa upenyu hwavo pangozi mu "Global War on Terror" vachitenda kuti vaizodzivirira rudzi rwavo kubva pane chakaipa. Icho chinoda kushinga, ushingi, uye rupo. Vaya vaduku vakanyengerwa, pamwe chete nevaya vashoma vakafuratira avo vakanyorera hondo dzemazuva ano, havana kutumirwa semasikoni edzimba kuti varwise hondo mumauto. Vakatumwa kunotora nyika umo vaifungidzirwa kuti vavengi vavo vaiita sevanhu vose. Vakatumirwa kunyika yeSNAFU, iyo vakawanda vasingadzokeri muchikamu chimwe chete.

SNAFU ndiyo, yezvokwadi, mauto anozivikanwa nehurumende yehondo: Nzvimbo Yakarongeka: Yese Fucked Up.